"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en Droit option Droit, Biotechnologies et Société" / L'A.D.N. détermine toute fonction nécessaire à la VIe humaine. Les tests d'A.D.N. peuvent identifier presque tous les êtres humains. Exacts et fiables, ces tests ne nécessitent qu'un échantillon minime d'A.D.N. Ils ont chamboulé, non seulement la science, mais aussi le droit. Lorsque ces tests sont utilisés dans un but d'identification génétique (contrairement à un but médical), ceux-ci peuvent établir définitivement des liens filiaux. Comment le droit civil québécois détermine le meilleur intérêt de l'enfant lorsque des tests de paternité sont utilisés comme moyens de preuve de la filiation d'un enfant? Le meilleur intérêt de l'enfant est un concept-clé dans le droit civil québécois. Les règles régissant la filiation légale et la hiérarchie des moyens de preuve pour cette filiation sont aussi affectées. Une étude du droit civil québécois révèle différentes approches afin de déterminer le meilleur intérêt de l'enfant dans les cas de paternité: 1) l'approche de la primauté de la stabilité socio-affective de l'enfant, 2) celle de la primauté de la vérité biologique de l'enfant, et 3) celle dite «personnalisée». L'approche personnalisée pourrait être la plus adaptée puisqu'elle traite chaque enfant comme une personne à part, considère tous les facteurs dans sa vie et pèse les différentes relations entre les parties. L'approche semble répondre aux besoins et à la situation de chaque enfant comme personne unique. / DNA determines all functions necessary to human life. DNA tests can identify almost every human being. Accurate and reliable, these tests need only a minimal quantity of DNA. They have changed radically not only science, but also the law. When used for genetic identification purposes (as opposed to medical), they can establish definitely filial links. How does Québec's civil law determine the best interests of the child when DNA paternity tests are offered as proof of the filiation of a child? The best interests of the child are a key concept in the civil law of Québec. The rules establishing legal filiation and the hierarchy of proof within are also affected. A study of Québec case law reveals different approaches in determining the best interests of the child in paternity cases: 1) the approach preferring the primacy of socio-affective stability of the child, 2) the approach preferring the primacy of biological truth, and, 3) the personalized approach. The personalized approach may be the most appropriate since it treats each child as unique, considers every factor in his or her life and weighs aIl the different relationships between parties. This approach seems to provide for the needs and situation of every child as an individual.

L'A.D.N. détermine toute fonction nécessaire à la VIe humaine. Les tests d'A.D.N. peuvent identifier presque tous les êtres humains. Exacts et fiables, ces tests ne nécessitent qu'un échantillon minime d'A.D.N. Ils ont chamboulé, non seulement la science, mais aussi le droit. Lorsque ces tests sont utilisés dans un but d'identification génétique (contrairement à un but médical), ceux-ci peuvent établir définitivement des liens filiaux. Comment le droit civil québécois détermine le meilleur intérêt de l'enfant lorsque des tests de paternité sont utilisés comme moyens de preuve de la filiation d'un enfant? Le meilleur intérêt de l'enfant est un concept-clé dans le droit civil québécois. Les règles régissant la filiation légale et la hiérarchie des moyens de preuve pour cette filiation sont aussi affectées. Une étude du droit civil québécois révèle différentes approches afin de déterminer le meilleur intérêt de l'enfant dans les cas de paternité: 1) l'approche de la primauté de la stabilité socio-affective de l'enfant, 2) celle de la primauté de la vérité biologique de l'enfant, et 3) celle dite «personnalisée». L'approche personnalisée pourrait être la plus adaptée puisqu'elle traite chaque enfant comme une personne à part, considère tous les facteurs dans sa vie et pèse les différentes relations entre les parties. L'approche semble répondre aux besoins et à la situation de chaque enfant comme personne unique. / DNA determines all functions necessary to human life. DNA tests can identify almost every human being. Accurate and reliable, these tests need only a minimal quantity of DNA. They have changed radically not only science, but also the law. When used for genetic identification purposes (as opposed to medical), they can establish definitely filial links. How does Québec's civil law determine the best interests of the child when DNA paternity tests are offered as proof of the filiation of a child? The best interests of the child are a key concept in the civil law of Québec. The rules establishing legal filiation and the hierarchy of proof within are also affected. A study of Québec case law reveals different approaches in determining the best interests of the child in paternity cases: 1) the approach preferring the primacy of socio-affective stability of the child, 2) the approach preferring the primacy of biological truth, and, 3) the personalized approach. The personalized approach may be the most appropriate since it treats each child as unique, considers every factor in his or her life and weighs aIl the different relationships between parties. This approach seems to provide for the needs and situation of every child as an individual. / "Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en Droit option Droit, Biotechnologies et Société"

Os avanços tecnológicos têm refletido não somente no modo de aprender e ensinar, mas também nas práticas pedagógicas e nas arquiteturas para o contexto educacional. Neste panorama, cresce a busca pela interdisciplinaridade, associada a uma visão holística do indivíduo, que leva em conta não somente a cognição, mas também os aspectos sociais e afetivos dos alunos. Diante desta realidade, percebe-se a necessidade de se construir e aplicar arquiteturas pedagógicas voltadas a esses aspectos, que englobem recursos tecnológicos tais como o computador e a construção de interfaces tangíveis pelos estudantes, a exemplo dos instrumentos musicais digitais (IMDs). Juntamente com esses, ampliaram-se as possibilidades da utilização da música no contexto educacional. Compreende-se que uma, dentre as características do público adolescente, é a busca pelo sentimento de pertença a um grupo. Esta pode ocorrer através da participação em diversas atividades voltadas para a expressão sonora e/ou musical através de tecnologias, tais como os IMDs. Perante essas premissas, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar como uma Arquitetura Pedagógica (AP) voltada para a construção e utilização de instrumentos musicais digitais (IMDs) pode contribuir para fomentar aspectos socioafetivos em estudantes adolescentes não musicistas. Para isso, o presente estudo fundamenta-se numa abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de observações, questionários, vídeos, produções tecnológicas e registros sobre as interações sociais e os estados de ânimo dos estudantes. Entende-se que as contribuições desta investigação podem implicar em mudanças quanto ao design dos espaços de aprendizagem relacionados às arquiteturas pedagógicas para a construção e uso de protótipos físico-sonoros e/ou instrumentos musicais digitais com finalidade educacional. / Technological advances have reflected not only on the way of learning and teaching but also on pedagogical practices and architectures for the educational context. In this panorama, the search for interdisciplinarity, coupled with a holistic view of the individual, considers not only the cognition but also the social and affective aspects of the students. Faced with this reality, one can see the need to construct and apply pedagogical architectures focused on these aspects, which encompass technological resources such as the computer and the construction of tangible interfaces by students, such as digital musical instruments (DMIs). Along with these, the possibilities of the use of music in the educational context were extended. It is understood that one of the characteristics of the adolescent public is the search for the feeling of belonging to a group. This can occur through participation in various activities focused on sound and/or musical expression through technologies such as DMIs. Given these premises, this research has the goal of analyzing how a Pedagogical Architecture (PA) aimed at the construction and use of digital musical instruments (DMIs) can contribute to foster socio-affective aspects in non-musician adolescent students. For this, the present study is based on a qualitative approach. The data collection was made from observations, questionnaires, videos, technological productions and records about the social interactions and moods states of the students. It is understood that the contributions of this investigation may imply changes in the design of learning spaces related to pedagogical architectures for the construction and use of physical-sounding prototypes and/or digital musical instruments for educational purposes.

Os avanços tecnológicos têm refletido não somente no modo de aprender e ensinar, mas também nas práticas pedagógicas e nas arquiteturas para o contexto educacional. Neste panorama, cresce a busca pela interdisciplinaridade, associada a uma visão holística do indivíduo, que leva em conta não somente a cognição, mas também os aspectos sociais e afetivos dos alunos. Diante desta realidade, percebe-se a necessidade de se construir e aplicar arquiteturas pedagógicas voltadas a esses aspectos, que englobem recursos tecnológicos tais como o computador e a construção de interfaces tangíveis pelos estudantes, a exemplo dos instrumentos musicais digitais (IMDs). Juntamente com esses, ampliaram-se as possibilidades da utilização da música no contexto educacional. Compreende-se que uma, dentre as características do público adolescente, é a busca pelo sentimento de pertença a um grupo. Esta pode ocorrer através da participação em diversas atividades voltadas para a expressão sonora e/ou musical através de tecnologias, tais como os IMDs. Perante essas premissas, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar como uma Arquitetura Pedagógica (AP) voltada para a construção e utilização de instrumentos musicais digitais (IMDs) pode contribuir para fomentar aspectos socioafetivos em estudantes adolescentes não musicistas. Para isso, o presente estudo fundamenta-se numa abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de observações, questionários, vídeos, produções tecnológicas e registros sobre as interações sociais e os estados de ânimo dos estudantes. Entende-se que as contribuições desta investigação podem implicar em mudanças quanto ao design dos espaços de aprendizagem relacionados às arquiteturas pedagógicas para a construção e uso de protótipos físico-sonoros e/ou instrumentos musicais digitais com finalidade educacional. / Technological advances have reflected not only on the way of learning and teaching but also on pedagogical practices and architectures for the educational context. In this panorama, the search for interdisciplinarity, coupled with a holistic view of the individual, considers not only the cognition but also the social and affective aspects of the students. Faced with this reality, one can see the need to construct and apply pedagogical architectures focused on these aspects, which encompass technological resources such as the computer and the construction of tangible interfaces by students, such as digital musical instruments (DMIs). Along with these, the possibilities of the use of music in the educational context were extended. It is understood that one of the characteristics of the adolescent public is the search for the feeling of belonging to a group. This can occur through participation in various activities focused on sound and/or musical expression through technologies such as DMIs. Given these premises, this research has the goal of analyzing how a Pedagogical Architecture (PA) aimed at the construction and use of digital musical instruments (DMIs) can contribute to foster socio-affective aspects in non-musician adolescent students. For this, the present study is based on a qualitative approach. The data collection was made from observations, questionnaires, videos, technological productions and records about the social interactions and moods states of the students. It is understood that the contributions of this investigation may imply changes in the design of learning spaces related to pedagogical architectures for the construction and use of physical-sounding prototypes and/or digital musical instruments for educational purposes.

Os avanços tecnológicos têm refletido não somente no modo de aprender e ensinar, mas também nas práticas pedagógicas e nas arquiteturas para o contexto educacional. Neste panorama, cresce a busca pela interdisciplinaridade, associada a uma visão holística do indivíduo, que leva em conta não somente a cognição, mas também os aspectos sociais e afetivos dos alunos. Diante desta realidade, percebe-se a necessidade de se construir e aplicar arquiteturas pedagógicas voltadas a esses aspectos, que englobem recursos tecnológicos tais como o computador e a construção de interfaces tangíveis pelos estudantes, a exemplo dos instrumentos musicais digitais (IMDs). Juntamente com esses, ampliaram-se as possibilidades da utilização da música no contexto educacional. Compreende-se que uma, dentre as características do público adolescente, é a busca pelo sentimento de pertença a um grupo. Esta pode ocorrer através da participação em diversas atividades voltadas para a expressão sonora e/ou musical através de tecnologias, tais como os IMDs. Perante essas premissas, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar como uma Arquitetura Pedagógica (AP) voltada para a construção e utilização de instrumentos musicais digitais (IMDs) pode contribuir para fomentar aspectos socioafetivos em estudantes adolescentes não musicistas. Para isso, o presente estudo fundamenta-se numa abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de observações, questionários, vídeos, produções tecnológicas e registros sobre as interações sociais e os estados de ânimo dos estudantes. Entende-se que as contribuições desta investigação podem implicar em mudanças quanto ao design dos espaços de aprendizagem relacionados às arquiteturas pedagógicas para a construção e uso de protótipos físico-sonoros e/ou instrumentos musicais digitais com finalidade educacional. / Technological advances have reflected not only on the way of learning and teaching but also on pedagogical practices and architectures for the educational context. In this panorama, the search for interdisciplinarity, coupled with a holistic view of the individual, considers not only the cognition but also the social and affective aspects of the students. Faced with this reality, one can see the need to construct and apply pedagogical architectures focused on these aspects, which encompass technological resources such as the computer and the construction of tangible interfaces by students, such as digital musical instruments (DMIs). Along with these, the possibilities of the use of music in the educational context were extended. It is understood that one of the characteristics of the adolescent public is the search for the feeling of belonging to a group. This can occur through participation in various activities focused on sound and/or musical expression through technologies such as DMIs. Given these premises, this research has the goal of analyzing how a Pedagogical Architecture (PA) aimed at the construction and use of digital musical instruments (DMIs) can contribute to foster socio-affective aspects in non-musician adolescent students. For this, the present study is based on a qualitative approach. The data collection was made from observations, questionnaires, videos, technological productions and records about the social interactions and moods states of the students. It is understood that the contributions of this investigation may imply changes in the design of learning spaces related to pedagogical architectures for the construction and use of physical-sounding prototypes and/or digital musical instruments for educational purposes.

Solicitud de envío manuscrito de artículo científico. / Esta investigación tiene como objetivo diagnóstico explorar aspectos socio-afectivos en un grupo de niños y como objetivo de intervención, explorar los cambios que produce la aplicación del programa EmocionARTE. Mediante un diseño de investigación-acción, participaron cinco niños entre 3 y 5 años. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: entrevistas semi-estructuradas a los padres de los participantes; y con los niños, se empleó la observación-participante no estructurada y preguntas conectadas. Para el programa se aplicaron técnicas como el juego y el arte, y los temas se abordaron desde la jerarquización de problemas y necesidades que identificaron los padres. Se utilizó una herramienta pre y post test, que ayudó a comparar los resultados del proceso. Se mostraron cambios positivos en los participantes del programa. / This research has as a diagnostic objective to explore socio-affective aspects in a group of children and as an intervention objective, to explore the changes produced by the application of the EmocionARTE program. Using an action research design, five children between 3 and 5 years old participated. The instruments used were: semi-structured interviews with the parents of the participants; and with the children, unstructured participant observation and connected questions were used. Techniques such as play and art were applied to the program, and topics were addressed from the hierarchy of problems and needs identified by parents. A pre and post test tool was used, which helped to compare the results of the process. Positive changes were shown in program participants. / Tesis

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

No description available.

L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser l’adaptation socio-affective et la satisfaction de vie des enfants âgés de 9 à 12 ans en lien avec les différents usages des Technologies Numériques de l’Information et de la Communication, tout en prenant en compte la qualité des relations amicales dans les contextes hors-ligne, en ligne et en mode mixte. À partir de l’approche écosystémique (Bronfenbrenner, 2005), le modèle opérationnel « P.P.C.T.» (Bronfenbrenner, 1996) a permis de procéder à l’analyse spécifique de l’impact des caractéristiques individuelles, contextuelles et temporelles sur le développement socio-affectif des enfants. Notre échantillon se compose de 508 enfants âgés de 9 à 12 ans, soit 248 garçons et 260 filles. Ils sont 87% à utiliser les TNIC à des fins communicationnelles. Le développement socio-affectif a été appréhendé à travers le Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ ; Goodman, 1997) et la version française de la Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS ; Huebner, 1994 ; Fenouillet & al., 2015). Les enfants, tout comme les parents, ont répondu à divers questionnaires, tels que le Network of Relationships Social Provision Version (NRI-SPV ; Furman & al., 1985) et des échelles que nous avons adaptées. Nos principaux résultats indiquent que quelle que soit l’utilisation des TNIC, la majorité des enfants présente une adaptation socio-affective satisfaisante ainsi qu’une satisfaction de vie harmonieuse. Toutefois, à l’intérieur des différentes plateformes utilisées, sur les Réseaux SocioNuméiques, nous retrouvons un effet significatif du genre, les garçons présentant plus de troubles aussi bien intériorisés qu’extériorisés que les filles. Il en est de même sur les troubles extériorisés lorsque les garçons communiquent sur les jeux en réseau. Le support social au travers de l’ami hors-ligne et/ou mixte est un facteur de protection tout comme le fait de partager un lien d’amitié sur le RSN avec des membres de la famille. À l’inverse, le support social de l’ami en ligne et un lien d’amitié sur le RSN avec des inconnus ou des célébrités sera un facteur de risque. De plus, le bien-être des enfants sera impacté lorsqu’ils utilisent les TNIC dans une pièce isolée. Cette recherche, à caractère exploratoire, du fait des rares travaux francophones dans ce domaine est néanmoins prometteuse et encourage à proposer des pistes de recherche ainsi que des pistes d’intervention. Dans un souci de prévention, il est nécessaire d’accompagner les enfants à risque de développer des troubles psychologiques afin de pouvoir réduire ou, mieux, éviter les impacts négatifs qui sont associés à ces usages. / The purpose of this study is to analyze the social emotional adjustment and the life satisfaction level of children between 9 to 12 years old related to their use of Digital Information and Communication Technologies (DICT) taking into account the quality of their friendships in different contexts: online, offline and in a mixed mode. Following the ecological model (Bronfenbrenner, 1996), the PPCT operational model (Process, Person, Context, Time) allowed to specifically analyze the impact of individual, contextual and temporal characteristics on children's social emotional adjustment. Our sample consists of 508 children (248 boys and 260 girls). A vast majority of them (87%) use DICT for communication purposes. Social emotional adjustment is measured with the Strenghts and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1997) and with the French version of the Multidimensional Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS; Huebner, 1994; Fenouillet & al., 2015). Children, as well as their parents responded to several other measures like the Network of Relationships Social Provision Version (NRI-SPV; Furman & al., 1985) and other adapted scales. Our main results show that, whatever the use of DICT, the majority of children show a satisfactory level of social and emotional adjustment as well a good life satisfaction. However, relating to the use of DICT, we found a significant difference between boys and girls. That is, compared to girls, boys show more externalized and internalized symptoms than girls. The situation is the same with online videogames: boys show more externalized symptoms than girls. Social support offered by offline friends or mixed friends (online and offline) represents a protecting factor. This is also true for online friendships with family members. Conversely, exclusively online friendships with strangers or with celebrities is a risk factor for social emotional adjustment. The well-being of children is negatively affected by connecting online in an isolated space. Lastly, because there are only a few francophone studies in this field, this exploratory study is promising in terms of research and intervention projects in the future. In a prevention perspective, it is necessary to support at risk children in order to prevent the psychological problems that can be related to the use of DICT.

Language learning strategies have been given a large role in the Swedish curriculum for modern languages and the usage of strategies is one of the requirements for getting a passing grade in the subject. However, language learning strategies is a term that is hard to grasp when seeing it without a context. Even in a context it can be hard to explain what is really meant. This study tries to explain what language learning strategies are in relation to the Swedish school system and aims to find out if these strategies are to be found and how they are used in two Swedish-German textbooks.The study shows that there are no explicit examples where a certain type of languagelearning strategy is to be found. Nevertheless, there are multiple instances where both books offer assignments that can lead to the usage of said strategies.