O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os condicionantes das decisões de investimento das empresas familiares. Para tanto, utilizou-se de um referencial teórico baseado em conceitos como estrutura de propriedade e controle familiar, heterogeneidade das empresas familiares, choques exógenos causados por crises econômicas e situação de restrição financeira. Esses conceitos foram empregues com o propósito de dimensionar seus impactos nas decisões de investimento das empresas familiares listadas em bolsa nos períodos entre 2006-2016. Em termos teóricos, os investimentos foram separados em dois tipos: investimentos em CAPEX e capital circulante líquido. Embora nem todos tenham sido utilizados em todas as fases da pesquisa, esses dois tipos de investimento foram o cerne e a variável dependente da pesquisa. Outras variáveis importantes foram Empresa Familiar, bem como suas outras sete configurações, e as variáveis de interação como idade, grau de maturidade, tamanho, tangibilidade e situação financeira. Outro ponto considerado pela pesquisa foi o impacto do cenário macroeconômico sobre as decisões de investimento. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que as empresas familiares investem menos do que as empresas não familiares em CAPEX, ocorrendo o inverso para o capital circulante líquido. Isso corrobora com as análises teóricas promovidas por Anderson, Duru e Reeb (2012) e Chrisman e Patel (2012) sobre os ideais de autopreservação e aversão ao risco aos quais as empresas familiares estão sujeitas. Quanto aos períodos de choques de liquidez, as empresas familiares apresentaram quedas severas para investimentos em CAPEX e quedas menos acentuadas para o capital circulante líquido. Por fim, em relação à situação de restrição financeira e os resultados financeiros passados evidenciou-se que empresas familiares com maior tangibilidade e com resultados passados positivos investem mais do que as empresas não familiares, o que também está de acordo com a teoria sobre autoconfiança e busca pela perenidade em empresas de controle familiar. / The objective of this study was to answer the following research problem: what are the determinants of the investment decisions of family companies? To do so, the research used a theoretical framework based on concepts such as family ownership and control, the heterogeneity found in the various types of family businesses, exogenous shocks caused by economic crises and the situation of financial constraint of the companies. These concepts were used to understand how each of them impacted the investment decisions of listed companies in the period between 2006-2016. In conceptual terms, the investments were divided into two types: investments in CAPEX and working capital ratios. Although not all were used at all stages of the research, these three types of investment were at the heart and the research-dependent variable. In addition to this variable, other important variables were both the Family Enterprise variable (as well as its other seven configurations) and the variables of interaction with age, maturity level, size, tangibility and financial situation. Another point considered by the research consisted in analyzing how the macroeconomic scenario impacted investment decisions. The results found that family firms invest less than non-family firms (in all configurations) in CAPEX. However, the opposite occurs for the working capital ratios. This corroborates theoretical analyzes promoted by Anderson, Duru and Reeb (2012) and Chrisman and Patel (2012) on the ideals of self-preservation and risk aversion to which family firms are subject to making decisions involving risks and uncertainties. Comparing the results in periods of liquidity shocks, the results of the family companies showed severe declines for investments in CAPEX and less declines in working capital index. Finally, the results found when considering the situation of financial constraint and the past results provided that family companies with greater tangibility and with positive past results invest more than non-family companies, which is also in accordance with the theory on self-preservation and search for perpetuity in family businesses.

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os condicionantes das decisões de investimento das empresas familiares. Para tanto, utilizou-se de um referencial teórico baseado em conceitos como estrutura de propriedade e controle familiar, heterogeneidade das empresas familiares, choques exógenos causados por crises econômicas e situação de restrição financeira. Esses conceitos foram empregues com o propósito de dimensionar seus impactos nas decisões de investimento das empresas familiares listadas em bolsa nos períodos entre 2006-2016. Em termos teóricos, os investimentos foram separados em dois tipos: investimentos em CAPEX e capital circulante líquido. Embora nem todos tenham sido utilizados em todas as fases da pesquisa, esses dois tipos de investimento foram o cerne e a variável dependente da pesquisa. Outras variáveis importantes foram Empresa Familiar, bem como suas outras sete configurações, e as variáveis de interação como idade, grau de maturidade, tamanho, tangibilidade e situação financeira. Outro ponto considerado pela pesquisa foi o impacto do cenário macroeconômico sobre as decisões de investimento. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que as empresas familiares investem menos do que as empresas não familiares em CAPEX, ocorrendo o inverso para o capital circulante líquido. Isso corrobora com as análises teóricas promovidas por Anderson, Duru e Reeb (2012) e Chrisman e Patel (2012) sobre os ideais de autopreservação e aversão ao risco aos quais as empresas familiares estão sujeitas. Quanto aos períodos de choques de liquidez, as empresas familiares apresentaram quedas severas para investimentos em CAPEX e quedas menos acentuadas para o capital circulante líquido. Por fim, em relação à situação de restrição financeira e os resultados financeiros passados evidenciou-se que empresas familiares com maior tangibilidade e com resultados passados positivos investem mais do que as empresas não familiares, o que também está de acordo com a teoria sobre autoconfiança e busca pela perenidade em empresas de controle familiar. / The objective of this study was to answer the following research problem: what are the determinants of the investment decisions of family companies? To do so, the research used a theoretical framework based on concepts such as family ownership and control, the heterogeneity found in the various types of family businesses, exogenous shocks caused by economic crises and the situation of financial constraint of the companies. These concepts were used to understand how each of them impacted the investment decisions of listed companies in the period between 2006-2016. In conceptual terms, the investments were divided into two types: investments in CAPEX and working capital ratios. Although not all were used at all stages of the research, these three types of investment were at the heart and the research-dependent variable. In addition to this variable, other important variables were both the Family Enterprise variable (as well as its other seven configurations) and the variables of interaction with age, maturity level, size, tangibility and financial situation. Another point considered by the research consisted in analyzing how the macroeconomic scenario impacted investment decisions. The results found that family firms invest less than non-family firms (in all configurations) in CAPEX. However, the opposite occurs for the working capital ratios. This corroborates theoretical analyzes promoted by Anderson, Duru and Reeb (2012) and Chrisman and Patel (2012) on the ideals of self-preservation and risk aversion to which family firms are subject to making decisions involving risks and uncertainties. Comparing the results in periods of liquidity shocks, the results of the family companies showed severe declines for investments in CAPEX and less declines in working capital index. Finally, the results found when considering the situation of financial constraint and the past results provided that family companies with greater tangibility and with positive past results invest more than non-family companies, which is also in accordance with the theory on self-preservation and search for perpetuity in family businesses.

La autorregulación emocional es la capacidad inherente de todos los niños y niñas lo cual les permite gestionar, controlar y regular sus respuestas emocionales en las diferentes interacciones sociales a lo largo de sus vidas. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo diseñar un programa de actividades para potenciar la autorregulación emocional en niños de cinco años, para ello se utilizaron métodos de enfoque cuantitativo – no experimental descriptiva – propositiva, teniendo una población de 25 niños y niñas de cinco años a quienes se aplicó una lista de cotejo para medir el nivel de autorregulación emocional que poseían. Tras la problemática encontrada, el 92 % de los niños están en proceso lograr su desarrollo emocional, para ello se elaboró la propuesta denominada AUTEMO KIDS para el fortalecimiento de la autorregulación emocional la cual cuenta con distintas estrategias divertidas y dinámicas. En conclusión, se asevera la importancia de promover la ejecución de aportes orientados atender a niños en edad preescolar y las capacidades del área socioemocional, aspecto que favorece además el logro de competencias en el ámbito cognitivo de los menores. / Emotional self-regulation is the inherent capacity of all boys and girls which allows them to manage, control and regulate their emotional responses in different social interactions throughout their lives. The objective of this research was to design a program of activities to enhance emotional self-regulation in five-year-old children, for which quantitative - nonexperimental, descriptive - purposeful approach methods were used, having a population of 25 five-year-old boys and girls who were A checklist was applied to measure the level of emotional self-regulation they had. After the problem found, 92% of the children are in the process of achieving their emotional development, for which the proposal called AUTEMO KIDS was elaborated for the strengthening of emotional self-regulation which has different fun and dynamic strategies. In conclusion, the importance of promoting the execution of contributions aimed at caring for preschool-age children and the capacities of the socio-emotional area is asserted, an aspect that also favors the achievement of competences in the cognitive field of minors.

El objetivo del estudio es relacionar motivación y compromiso deportivo entre adolescentes que practican fútbol en una academia formativa de Lima-Perú. Se aplicaron dos pruebas: la Escala de Motivación Deportiva (EMD) y el Cuestionario de Compromiso Deportivo-2 (CCD-2), a un grupo de 105 participantes varones, cuya edad se encuentra entre 11 y 17 años. La motivación intrínseca evidenció correlaciones positivas y significativas con el compromiso entusiasta; disfrute deportivo; oportunidades valiosas; pérdida de inversiones personales; cantidad de inversiones personales; soporte socioemocional; soporte social instrumental; deseo de sobresalir – logro de dominio; y deseo de sobresalir – logro social. Por otro lado, la motivación extrínseca mostró correlaciones positivas y significativas con el compromiso restringido; cantidad de inversiones personales; restricciones sociales; soporte socioemocional; y soporte social instrumental. Es de notar que la cantidad de inversiones personales; soporte socioemocional y soporte social instrumental correlacionan con los dos tipos de motivación, por lo que se denominan dimensiones mixtas y complejas. Igualmente, los participantes de menor edad (11 a 13 años), obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en soporte socioemocional y soporte socioinstrumental, lo que significa que este grupo percibe mayor apoyo, cuidado y empatía de personas significativas, como padres, entrenadores y compañeros, así como mayor provisión de información valiosa de su deporte por parte de dichas personas. / The objective of this research is to relate motivation and sports commitment among adolescents who play soccer at a Formative Academy in Lima-Peru. Two tests were applied: Sports Motivation Scale (SMS) and Sports Commitment Questionnaire-2 (SCQ-2) to a group of 105 male participants, whose age is between 11 and 17 years. Intrinsic motivation showed positive and significant correlations with enthusiastic commitment; sports enjoyment; valuable opportunities; personal investments - loss; personal investments - quantity; social-emotional support; social-instrumental support; desire to excel – mastery achievement; and desire to excel - social achievement. On the other hand, extrinsic motivation showed positive and significant correlations with constrained commitment; personal investments - quantity; social constraints; social-emotional support; and social-instrumental support. It is noteworthy that the personal investments - quantity; social-emotional support and social-instrumental support correlate with both motivations, resulting in mixed and complex dimensions. Finally, the younger participants (11 to 13 years old), obtained higher scores in social-emotional support and social-instrumental support, which means that this group perceives greater support, care and empathy from significant people, such as parents, coaches and colleagues, as well as greater provision of valuable information about their sport by this people. / Tesis

Many children and adolescents that live under vulnerable social conditions in Latin America and Colombia do not have access to quality programmes that focus on psychosocial education based on socio-emotional learning. Research evidence on practices used by programme facilitators is still underdeveloped in the region. This study explores facilitators’ perceptions of practices that are considered to generate socio-emotional learning in children and adolescents who participate in related programmes in Bogotá-Colombia. The main objective of this exploratory, non-experimental research study is to provide an account of existing methodologies and practices as perceived by facilitators belonging to the fields of social work, education, and psychology. An interview guide was designed to invite respondents to share their views and experiences of socio-emotional learning. Then, content analysis procedures were used to find out the relevant themes and categories shared by the respondents, and thereby identify the critical factors related to the stated research problem. Respondents were invited to answer a predetermined sequence of questions following an interview guide. This process resulted in two main themes: (1) Conditions that contribute to socio-emotional learning and (2) Factors considered relevant for programme operation. Emerging categories explore the following topics: further observation of needs among children; social, emotional and pedagogical skills among facilitators; parents’ current situation with parenting and social and emotional skills; ways to plan and implement activities or interventions; examples of key partnerships; and ways to follow up the impact of practices on children. In this study, respondents’ shared experiences show that socio-emotional learning is key to resilience processes. With the enacted legislation and some design and management of programmes to promote mental wellbeing through social and emotional education, continued research from psychosocial and education fields is needed to assess the impact of programme practices in schools, families, and communities. Research is also needed on how to revise social and emotional learning approaches implemented in school settings for use by participants in other contexts with increased levels of aggressiveness and violence. These aspects must be considered in regard to a family’s or a community’s willingness to learn and adopt socio-emotional skills. / Muchos niños, niñas y adolescentes que viven en condiciones sociales vulnerables en América Latina y Colombia no tienen acceso a programas de calidad que se enfoquen en la educación psicosocial basada en el aprendizaje socioemocional. La evidencia acerca de la investigación sobre las prácticas utilizadas por los facilitadores en programas relacionados aún está poco desarrollada en la región. Este estudio explora las percepciones de facilitadores sobre prácticas que se consideran generadoras de aprendizaje socioemocional en niñas, niños y adolescentes que participan en programas relacionados en Bogotá-Colombia. El objetivo principal de esta investigación exploratoria, no experimental, es dar cuenta de las metodologías y prácticas existentes tal como las perciben los facilitadores pertenecientes a los campos del trabajo social, la educación y la psicología. Se diseñó una guía de entrevistas para invitar a los participantes a compartir sus puntos de vista y experiencias sobre el aprendizaje socioemocional. Luego, se utilizaron procedimientos de análisis de contenido para derivar temas y categorías relevantes compartidos por los encuestados, y así identificar factores críticos relacionados con el problema de investigación planteado. Se invitó a los encuestados a responder una secuencia predeterminada de preguntas siguiendo una guía de entrevista. Este proceso resultó en dos temas principales: (1) Condiciones que contribuyen al aprendizaje socioemocional y (2) Factores considerados relevantes para la operación del programa. Las categorías emergentes exploran los siguientes temas: mayor observación de las necesidades de los niños; habilidades sociales, emocionales y pedagógicas entre los facilitadores; la situación actual de los padres en relación a la crianza y sus habilidades sociales y emocionales; formas de planificar e implementar actividades o intervenciones; ejemplos de asociaciones clave; y formas de hacer un seguimiento del impacto de las prácticas en los niños. En este estudio, las experiencias compartidas de los participantes muestran que el aprendizaje socioemocional es clave para los procesos de resiliencia. Con la legislación promulgada y algunas iniciativas de diseño y administración de programas para promover el bienestar mental a través de la educación social y emocional, se hace necesaria el desarrollo de una investigación continua desde los campos psicosociales y educativos para evaluar el impacto de las prácticas de programas en las escuelas, las familias y las comunidades. También se requiere investigación sobre cómo evaluar los enfoques de aprendizaje social y emocional implementados en entornos escolares para revisar el uso las habilidades aprendidas en otros contextos con mayores niveles de agresividad y violencia. Estos aspectos deben considerarse en relación con la disposición de una familia o una comunidad para aprender y adoptar habilidades socioemocionales.