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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Atividades sociocientíficas em sala de aula de física: as argumentações dos estudantes / Socioscientific activities in the classroom of pfysics: the students\' argumentations

Penha, Sidnei Pércia da 13 December 2012 (has links)
Uma importante questão colocada na área de Ensino de Ciências é identificar se o ensino de ciências pode, de algum modo contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade das decisão dos estudantes sobre questões sociocientíficas. Esta pesquisa investigou o modo como os estudantes atuam em uma atividade de debate simulado em uma sala de aula de Física: Como participam destas atividades? Qual o tipo, o modo e o grau da Sensibilidade Moral de seu Raciocínio Informal? Qual a qualidade de sua argumentação? Para responder a estas questões, além de uma revisão sistemática da literatura da área relacionada às questões sociocientíficas, desenvolvemos uma Ferramenta Analítica para avaliar a qualidade da argumentação dos estudantes, que se fundamenta na avaliação da qualidade dos argumentos e da qualidade das oposições entre eles. Os dados dessa pesquisa são as transcrições de duas atividades de debate simulado sobre a instalação da TV digital brasileira, nas quais grupos de estudantes atuaram defendendo interesses específicos. Os resultados desse estudo indicaram que a organização da atividade em grupos facilitou o fluxo da argumentação e criou o efeito de atenuar a grande diversidade de suas contribuições. Mostraram também que, nestas atividades, os estudantes utilizaram o padrão Racionalista de Raciocínio Informal e que o modo como orientaram seu Raciocínio Informal e a Sensibilidade Moral de suas considerações estavam fortemente relacionadas ao contexto de cada atividade. A utilização de nossa Ferramenta Analítica nos permitiu identificar que, durante sua argumentação, os estudantes elaboraram premissas que são aceitáveis e relevantes, mas grande parte não é suficiente para suportar o peso de suas afirmações, e que contextos mais sociais possuem maior propensão para promoção de episódios de melhor nível de qualidade da argumentação. Recomendações para a área são elaboradas em nossas considerações finais. / An important question science teaching area is related to identifying if science teaching can contribute to improve the quality of students\' decision about socioscientific issues. This research investigated how students act in a simulated debate activity in a physics class: How students take part in these activities? What are the patterns, the way and the Moral Sensitivity degree of their Informal Reasoning? And how is their argumentation quality? To answer all of these questions, besides a systematic literature review in the area of socioscientific issues, we also developed an analytical tool to assess the students\' argumentation quality, which is based on the evaluation of the arguments quality and quality of opositions between the arguments. Data this study are transcripts of two simulated debate activities about installing the Brazilian digital TV, in which groups of students worked defending specific interests. The results of this study indicated that the the activities organized in groups facilitated the flow of the argumentation and created the effect of reducing the great diversity of their contributions. They also showed that in these activities the students used the Rationalist Informal Reasoning Patterns. In addition, the results showed that not only the Reasoning Mode but also the Moral Sensitivity were strongly related to the context of each activity. Through the use of our analytical tool we were able to identify that during their argumentation students formulate assumptions that are acceptable and relevant, but most of them are not sufficient to support the weight of their claims. Our analysis also indicated that social contexts have more possibility to promote episodes of high quality of argumentation level. Recommendations for the area, are presented in our final considerations.
22

Les questions scientifiques et techniques sensibles dans le média exposition : le cas de la thématique alimentation et santé et du musée du pôle de compétitivité de la filière fruits et légumes / Socioscientific issues in exhibitions : the subject of food and health and the museum of the french cluster for fruit and vegetables

Grison, Pauline 02 June 2015 (has links)
Ce travail de recherche porte sur la mise en exposition des questions scientifiques et techniques sensibles (QSTS). Objet encore relativement peu formalisé en sciences de l’information et de la communication, les QSTS désignent l’ensemble des savoirs pour lesquels le consensus scientifique n’est pas établi et dont l’intégration sociale pose question. Leur intégration aux institutions muséales soulève de nombreux enjeux quant à la posture de médiation adoptée dans le media exposition. La conduite de ce travail de recherche est étroitement liée au contexte dans lequel il a été produit, à savoir une convention CIFRE avec le pôle de compétitivité de la filière fruits et légumes. Ce pôle ayant un projet de création d’un musée vivant sur les fruits et légumes, nous avons travaillé d’un point de vue professionnel sur l’élaboration de ce projet, et d’un point de vue académique sur une réflexion autour du traitement muséographique de la thématique des liens entre alimentation et santé. La recherche commence par un cadrage théorique des notions, c’est-à-dire l’élaboration d’une définition des QSTS et l’appréhension de la thématique Alimentation et santé en tant que QSTS. Nous proposons ensuite une analyse formelle contrastive de 6 expositions portant sur cette thématique, avec pour objectif de caractériser des postures de médiation liées à la mise en exposition d’une QSTS. Enfin, nous recentrons la recherche sur l’élaboration du musée vivant par le pôle de compétitivité, afin d’affiner nos résultats par une analyse plus précise portant sur la préfiguration d’un dispositif particulier de l’exposition. / This research is focused on the display of socioscientific issues in science exhibitions. The concept of socioscientific issues has not been theorized in Information and Communication Sciences yet. It includes all the knowledge that does not bring consensus among the scientific community and that calls into question their social acceptability. Their integration to museums raise many issues concerning the kind of mediation that is adopted in the exhibition as a medium. The conduct of this thesis work is closely linked to its context of production, which is a CIFRE convention with the fruit and vegetable cluster. This one having a project of museum for fruit and vegetables, we worked professionally on the development of this project and academically we lead a reflexion about the display of one specific subject into science exhibitions, namely the link between food and health. The research begins with the building of a theoretical frame of the concept, that means the definition of socioscientific issues and the features of the subject of food-health relationships as a socioscientific issue. Then we propose a formal and contrastive analysis of 6 exhibitions dealing with this subject, with the goal of characterizing different mediation attitudes. Finally we focus the research on the development of the museum of fruit and vegetables by the cluster, in order to refine the results with a more specific analysis of the prefiguration of an exhibition device
23

Argumentos, conhecimentos e valores em respostas a questões sociocientíficas - um caso no ensino fundamental / Arguments, knowledge and values in answers to socioscientific issues - a case in the Elementary School

Asem, Érica Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Dell 09 December 2010 (has links)
Neste trabalho, analiso em que medida estudantes do 5º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola particular do município de São Paulo se apropriam dos conceitos científicos veiculados por um filme infanto-juvenil (Os Sem Floresta, 2006) na construção de seus discursos argumentativos e se, também, utilizam padrões morais e valores em seus textos por se tratar de uma questão sociocientífica. As questões sociocientíficas são aquelas que envolvem tomadas de decisões relacionando aspectos científicos, culturais, sociais e políticos, além de questões morais e éticas. Essas questões não apresentam uma solução única, definitiva e satisfatória do ponto de vista moral. O problema de desmatar uma área de floresta para a construção de um condomínio suscita diferentes olhares e opiniões sendo considerada a questão sociocientífica norteadora deste trabalho. Essa questão foi desenvolvida a partir do tema central do filme infanto-juvenil apresentado aos alunos. Os critérios de escolha do filme foram: sua linguagem dinâmica condizente com a faixa etária, sua ampla divulgação e aceitação pelo público e sua temática relacionada às questões ambientais, políticas, econômicas, sociais, éticas e culturais, contemplando os currículos com ênfase Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade-Ambiente - CTSA. Inicialmente é feita uma discussão sobre a análise do discurso do filme para perceber as mensagens que estão por dentro de seu discurso, com o objetivo de alicerçar a análise dos textos dos alunos. Os textos produzidos sobre a questão do desmatamento foram transcritos e analisados segundo o padrão de argumento Toulmin (2006). A partir deste referencial de análise, foram identificados valores empregados pelos alunos, como: respeito ao meio ambiente, valor à vida, ao coletivo, à cultura, à moradia e aos recursos financeiros. Os valores usados nas respostas estavam presentes no filme trabalhado, o que mostra que o filme apresenta grande influência na construção das respostas dos alunos. O respeito ao meio ambiente foi o valor que apareceu com maior frequência, mostrando uma estreita ligação das respostas com as mensagens do filme. Os alunos responderam à questão utilizando raciocínios baseados em princípios, consequências, emoção ou intuição. Os padrões morais foram categorizados segundo o padrão moral racionalista proposto por Sadler & Zeidler (2004). A maioria das respostas apresentou consequências (Raciocínio Moral Consequencialista) para o ato de desmatar, mesma abordagem do filme. Os conceitos científicos também apareceram de forma significativa nas respostas, principalmente os conceitos que são trabalhados no filme, como: desmatamento, extinção das espécies, recursos necessários para a sobrevivência das espécies, animais como pragas naturais, cadeia alimentar, hibernação e plantio de árvores. A garantia (W), segundo o padrão de Toulmin (2006), foi o elemento do argumento que mais apresentou conceitos trabalhados no filme, mostrando que os alunos utilizam como justificativa as informações do próprio filme. A preponderância dos padrões morais, valores e conceitos científicos presentes no filme na construção das respostas dos alunos mostra o quanto as mensagens presentes nesse recurso são significativas aos alunos e passam a fazer parte de seus repertórios. / In this work, I analyze to what extent a group of students from the fifth year of the Elementary School from a private school of São Paulo appropriate the scientific concepts disclosed by a juvenile movie (Over the Hedge, 2006) to construct their argumentative discourses, and whether they also use moral patterns and values in their writings, when dealing with a socioscientific issue. The socioscientific issues involve the decision taking process related not only to scientific, cultural, social, and political aspects, but also to morals and ethics aspects. These issues do not have one unique satisfactory and definitive solution from the moral perspective. The problem of deforesting for the construction of condominium homes raises different point of views and opinions, and in this research, the socioscientific issue was considered the most important of them, and this issue was developed from the main theme of the juvenile movie seen by the students. The criteria for choosing the movie were: its dynamic language consistent with the student\'s age range, its broad dissemination and acceptance by the general public, and its thematic related to environmental, political, economy, social, ethical, and cultural issues, all of them contemplating the curriculum with Scientific-Technology-Society-Environment - STS - emphasis. Initially a discussion about the movie\'s discourse analysis is done, in order to realize the messages inside its discourse, with the goal to support the analysis of the students\' writings. The writings about the deforesting issue were transcribed and analyzed according to the Toulmin argument pattern (2006). From this referential analysis, values used by the students, such as respect for the environment and value for life, collective, culture, housing, and financial resources were identified. The values used in the answers were in the movie, showing that it made a huge influence on the construction of the student\'s answers. The respect for the environment was the value that most appeared in the answers, showing a close connection between these and the movie\'s messages. Students solved the questions using reasoning based on principles, consequences, emotion or intuition. The moral patterns were categorized according to the rationalist moral pattern proposed by Sadler & Zeidler (2004). Most answers had consequences (Consequentalist Reasoning) to the deforesting act, the same approach of the movie. The scientific concepts also appeared significantly, mainly the concepts presented during the movie, such as: deforesting, species extinction, necessary resources to species survival, animals as natural pest, food chain, hibernation, and planting trees. The warranty (W), according to Toulmin pattern (2006), was the argument element with most concepts presented in the movie, showing that the students used the movie\'s information as justification to their answers. The strong presence in the student\'s answers of moral patterns, values and scientific concepts from the movie shows not only how the messages in this kind of resource are significant to the students, but also that these messages become part of their repertories.
24

Preservice Science Teachers

Topcu, Mustafa Sami 01 September 2008 (has links) (PDF)
The main purpose of this study was to explore Preservice Science Teachers&rsquo / (PSTs) informal reasoning regarding socioscientific issues (SSI). The study first investigated PSTs&rsquo / informal reasoning patterns / second, explored the relationship between informal reasoning patterns and quality / third, examined the variation of informal reasoning quality with SSI / at last, focused on the factors influencing PSTs&rsquo / informal reasoning in the context of SSI. Totally, 39 PSTs voluntarily participated in the study. Senior elementary PSTs from a public university, in Ankara constituted the sample of this study. Seven SSI were used to explore informal reasoning and influencing factors. Three SSI dealt with gene therapy and, the other three issues dealt with cloning. The last issue dealt with global warming. PSTs&rsquo / informal reasoning and the factors influencing the participants&rsquo / informal reasoning in the context of SSI were analyzed by using constant comparative data analysis method (Glaser &amp / Strauss, 1967). Two interview protocols were used in the present study. Informal Reasoning Interview protocol focused on the investigation of informal reasoning, and Moral Decision-Making Interview protocol was used to identify informal reasoning and the factors influencing informal reasoning. Emergent informal reasoning patterns from the present study were: rationalistic, emotive, and intuitive informal reasoning patterns. Regarding informal reasoning quality, across each SSI, the participants easily revealed claim with or without justification but they hardly developed counter-position and rebuttal. Emergent frequency of informal reasoning quality types followed the same order across each SSI. Thus, informal reasoning quality was not context-dependent across all SSI. Main factors influencing participants&rsquo / informal reasoning were accumulated under four main categories / personal experiences, social considerations, moral-ethical considerations, and technological concerns.
25

The Impact of Socioscientific Issues Based Curriculum Involving Environmental Outdoor Education for Fourth Grade Students

Burek, Karey 01 January 2012 (has links)
There is a divide between what students are being taught within the science classroom and what they experience out in the real world. This study sought to explore possible relationships between a socioscientific issues embedded curriculum and outcome variables addressing environmental attitude and knowledge, oral and written argumentation and critical thinking skills. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to examine both within and between class differences as well as individual differences between the beginning and end of a semester of elementary school. Results indicated that socioscientific issues assist students in developing their critical thinking skills while also providing students the opportunity to be exposed to and participate in local and global environmental issues influencing the community at large. Statistical significance was found between groups in regards to attitude toward the environment, the qualitative interviews did indicate that some students provided more advanced argumentation skills by articulating alternate viewpoints on controversial environmental topics. Theoretical implications regarding the use of socioscientific issues in the classroom are presented.
26

Aspectos formativos da experiência com questões sociocientíficas no ensino de ciências sob uma perspectiva crítica /

Lopes, Nataly Carvalho. January 2010 (has links)
Orientador: Washington Luiz Pacheco de Carvalho / Banca: Carmem Roselaine de Oliveira Farias / Banca: Roberto Nardi / Resumo: Qual o potencial formativo dos debates sobre questões sociocientíficas no ensino de ciências segundo uma perspectiva crítica da sociedade? Como podemos discutir a formação dos sujeitos envolvidos em discussões nas quais interagem ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente? Para lançar luz a estas perguntas e a outras que surgiram no decorrer deste trabalho, acompanhamos uma turma de alunos do segundo ano do ensino médio, junto à professora de física desta turma, com a finalidade de mapear e analisar os aspectos da formação científica destes sujeitos a qual, a partir das teorias de Theodor Adorno, pudemos interpretar e discutir segundo ponto de vista da semiformação. Com este objetivo, instauramos na sala de aula um ambiente de discussões sobre a produção e a distribuição de energia elétrica e suas relações com o desenvolvimento humano, em uma perspectiva que articulou ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente (CTSA). Assim, foi possível elaborar e concretizar na escola um minicurso sob o título "Energia e Desenvolvimento Humano", a partir do qual, pudemos preparar uma situação formativa no ensino de ciências, que objetivou a discursividade, a leitura crítica e os debates na sala de aula. Procedemos esta investigação com entrevistas semiestruturadas com os alunos e a professora, a fim de interpretar seus discursos sobre o assunto abordado. Estas entrevistas foram analisadas de acordo com análise de discurso segundo os pressupostos de Pêcheux e que são difundidos no Brasil por Eni P. Orlandi. A escolha deste aporte teórico para as discussões e anállises nos possibilitou compreender e discutir os elementos destes discursos que nos levam a repensar os processos formativos no ensino de ciências. Por fim, apontamos tanto as limitações deste tipo de abordagem, bem como o potencial formativo a ser... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: What is the formative potential of discussions on socioscientific issues in science education according to a critical perspective of society? How can we discuss the person's formation involved in discussions which interact with science, technology, society and environment? To launch light on these questions and others that arose in the course of this work, we have accompanied a group of students the second year of high school, next to physics teacher of this class, with the aim of mappingand analyzing aspects of scientific education of these subjects which, from Theodor Adorno's theories, we could interpret and discuss second view point of semi-formation. With this aim, we introduced in the classroom and environment for discussions about the production and distribution of electric energy and its relationship to human development in perspective which articulated science, technology, society and environment (STSE). Thus, was possible to develop and to concretize a short course in school under the title "Energy and Human Development", from which we could prepare a formative situation in science education, which aimed to discourse, critical reading and discussions in the classroom. We proceed this research with semi-structured interviews with students and the teacher in order to interpret their discourse on the theme. These interviews were analyzed through to theory of discourse analysis according to the assumptions and are Pêcheux distributed in Brazil by Eni P. Orlandi. The choice of this theoretical reference for discussions and analysis enabled us to understand and discuss the elements of these discourses that led us to rethink the formative processes in science teaching. Finally, we point out the limitations this approach and the formative potential to be glimpsed from the discussions initiated in class and to discuss the involvement and the possible influences of students in decisions controversies involving science, technology and society / Mestre
27

Contribuição de práticas argumentativas para a democratização de debates científicos em aulas de Física / Contribution of argumentative practices to the democratization of scientific debates in Physics classes

Figueira, Maykell Júlio de Souza [UNESP] 25 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by MAYKELL JÚLIO DE SOUZA FIGUEIRA null (maykelljsf@gmail.com) on 2016-04-25T19:33:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_MAYKELL_VersãoFinal.pdf: 1491005 bytes, checksum: afad1fa4b1d741ce2acfca4c9c623bb6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-28T11:53:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 figueira_mjs_me_bauru.pdf: 1491005 bytes, checksum: afad1fa4b1d741ce2acfca4c9c623bb6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T11:53:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 figueira_mjs_me_bauru.pdf: 1491005 bytes, checksum: afad1fa4b1d741ce2acfca4c9c623bb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A formação inicial docente é um momento fundamental na constituição de um licenciando enquanto futuro professor, visto que é provavelmente nessa etapa em que são feitas as primeiras reflexões sobre as várias dimensões pedagógicas, didáticas, políticas e sociais envolvidas nos processos de ensinar e aprender. Discutir assuntos sociocientíficos de importância atual e apresentar o conhecimento científico como um conjunto dinâmico, provisório e socialmente construído de possíveis explicações são encaminhamentos necessários ao Ensino de Ciências dos anos presentes e futuros, aproximando-o de uma abordagem mais externalista das Ciências. A argumentação, como forma de socialização dialógica do conhecimento científico, já foi apontada por diversos autores como um poderoso recurso metodológico para aulas de Ciências. No entanto, o desenvolvimento de competências argumentativas ainda passa longe dos atuais cursos de Licenciatura. O estudo aqui descrito foi realizado com sete estudantes do último ano de um curso de Licenciatura em Física que cursavam a disciplina de Didática das Ciências (DdC) de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo e teve como objetivo principal compreender de que forma dinâmicas argumentativas sobre assuntos sociocientíficos podem contribuir para a construção de saberes docentes de argumentação entre os licenciandos. O debate, organizado na forma de uma audiência pública simulada, teve como tema principal as possibilidades para o plano nuclear brasileiro nos próximos anos. Os estudantes foram agrupados em duplas que deveriam representar quatro setores de interesse no assunto, sendo que cada estudante escolheu um nome e um cargo fictício. Essa dinâmica de role-play educacional parece ter facilitado as interações discursivas e incentivado os estudantes a pesquisarem antes de vir para o debate. A atividade foi gravada em vídeo para posterior transcrição e análise dos episódios segundo referenciais específicos da Sociolinguística e da Argumentação no Ensino de Ciências. / The initial teacher education is a key moment in the constitution of licentiate1 students, as they become future teachers, since it is probably in this stage when the first reflections on the various educational, pedagogical, political, and social dimensions involved in the processes of teaching and learning are undertaken. Discussing sociocientific issues of current importance and presenting scientific knowledge as a dynamic, temporary and socially constructed set of possible explanations are necessary developments for Science Education in the upcoming years, approximating it to a more externalist view of science. Several authors have already pointed out argumentation as a powerful methodological resource for science classes. However, the development of argumentative skills is still quite distant from the current licentiate majors. The study here described was performed with seven students in the final year of a Physics licentiate major, who were attending the course of Science Didactics in a public University in the State of São Paulo. The research had as its main goal to understand how an argumentative dynamic about socioscientifc issues can contribute to the construction of argumentative teacher knowledge among the students. The debate, organized in the form of a simulated public hearing, had as its main theme the possibilities for the Brazilian nuclear plan in the next few years. Students were grouped in pairs that should represent four sectors of interest in the nuclear matter and each student chose a name and title. This dynamic of educational role-play seems to have facilitated the discursive interactions and incentivated students to search for information before coming to the debate. The activity was recorded on video for later transcription and the analysis of the episodes was done according to references on sociolinguistics and argumentation in science education.
28

Les nanotechnologies dans l'enseignement secondaire : une recherche sur la compréhension des controverses "nanos" par des lycéens / Nanotechnologies in secondary education : A study of highschool students' understanding of the controversies raised by nanotechnologies

Hingant, Bénédicte 31 May 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse en éducation aux sciences s'intéresse d'une part à la manière dont des lycéens peuvent comprendre les controverses soulevées par les nanotechnologies et d'autre part à la façon dont ils prennent de la distance face aux discours portés par différents acteurs sur ces développements technoscientifiques. Une analyse des controverses menée en utilisant des méthodologies de sociologie des sciences nous a d'abord permis de mettre en évidence que ce ne sont pas seulement les productions issues des nanotechnologies qui sont questionnées dans les débats sur les nanotechnologies en France. La manière dont ces programmes technoscientifiques existent et sont mis en œuvre dans nos sociétés démocratiques est également interrogée voire remise en cause. Cette analyse épistémologique et sociologique de la controverse a orienté l'élaboration d'une séquence pédagogique, suivant l'approche des recherches “ design-based ”. Les activités qui la compose ont été construites au travers d'un travail mené au lycée avec quatre classes de première S (élèves âgés de 15-17 ans). Elles s'articulent autour d'un jeu de rôle, d'une recherche documentaire et d'une séance de synthèse aboutissant à un document résumant le positionnement de la classe sur les nanotechnologies. L'analyse des productions orales et écrites des élèves a été effectuée d'une part, en utilisant le modèle de scolarisation des controverses socioscientifiques d'Albe (2007) afin de caractériser la compréhension collective que les élèves avaient de la controverse. Nous nous sommes ainsi intéressés aux savoirs qu'ils mobilisaient dans leurs interventions et leurs écrits. D'autre part, nous avons caractérisé leur prise de distance par rapport aux discours qu'ils rencontraient, notamment en identifiant les éventuelles argumentations fallacieuses dans leurs prises de paroles. Nous nous sommes pour cela appuyés sur la théorie pragma-dialectique de l'argumentation de van Eemeren et Grootendorst (1996, 2004). Ces analyses ont montré que les élèves s'étaient emparés d'une diversité d'aspects de la controverse. Ils se sont montrés capables de comprendre des documents directement issus de l'espace social et de questionner certains discours portés sur les nanotechnologies, en particulier les discours qu'ils percevaient comme des discours d'acceptabilité. Au moment de formuler leur avis, les lycéens ont eu cependant tendance à reproduire un discours vague et consensuel stipulant que le développement des nanotechnologies est bénéfique mais qu'il existe des “risques à prendre compte”, et qu'il faut informer le public. / The purpose of this manuscript is to characterize the ways highschool students can grasp nanotechnologies controversies and to identify how they critically consider different discourses held by different actors about these technoscientific developments. As a first step, we completed an analysis of the controversies raised in France by nanotechnologies. It showed that in addition to questions about the products of nanotechnologies and their effects, the ways nanotechnologies' programs are developped and currently exist in our societies constitute a bone of contention. We used this epistemological and sociological analysis of the controversies as a touchstone to progressively design a set of school activities. To elaborate them, we also resorted to a design-based research approach and implemented them with four groups of about 30 15-17 years old students. The final pedagogical sequence consisted of a role play, a webquest and a last activity were students completed a text summarizing their collective stance on nanotechnologies developments. The analysis of students' oral and written productions that we have carried out, is twofold. In order to characterize their collective understanding of the controversies raised by nanotechnology, we analyzed the contents of students' interventions by using Albe's (2007) model on schooling socioscientific controversies. Moreover, attention was paid on how students' critically consider discourses on nanotechnology, in particular by identifying fallacies in their argumentation. This was performed following a pragma-dialectical approach of argumentation (van Eemeren and Grootendorst, 1996, 2004). These analyses showed students grasped many aspects of the controversy. They proved able to understand some documents directly emanating from the social space. They also critically discussed some discourses held on nanotechnologies, in particular the ones they regarded as acceptability discourses. However, when expressing their opinions, students tended to reproduce a common and vague stance asserting that nanotechnologies developments is to breed benefits but also entails some “ risks that have to be taken into account ” and that the public has to be informed about them.
29

Argumentos, conhecimentos e valores em respostas a questões sociocientíficas - um caso no ensino fundamental / Arguments, knowledge and values in answers to socioscientific issues - a case in the Elementary School

Érica Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Dell Asem 09 December 2010 (has links)
Neste trabalho, analiso em que medida estudantes do 5º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola particular do município de São Paulo se apropriam dos conceitos científicos veiculados por um filme infanto-juvenil (Os Sem Floresta, 2006) na construção de seus discursos argumentativos e se, também, utilizam padrões morais e valores em seus textos por se tratar de uma questão sociocientífica. As questões sociocientíficas são aquelas que envolvem tomadas de decisões relacionando aspectos científicos, culturais, sociais e políticos, além de questões morais e éticas. Essas questões não apresentam uma solução única, definitiva e satisfatória do ponto de vista moral. O problema de desmatar uma área de floresta para a construção de um condomínio suscita diferentes olhares e opiniões sendo considerada a questão sociocientífica norteadora deste trabalho. Essa questão foi desenvolvida a partir do tema central do filme infanto-juvenil apresentado aos alunos. Os critérios de escolha do filme foram: sua linguagem dinâmica condizente com a faixa etária, sua ampla divulgação e aceitação pelo público e sua temática relacionada às questões ambientais, políticas, econômicas, sociais, éticas e culturais, contemplando os currículos com ênfase Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade-Ambiente - CTSA. Inicialmente é feita uma discussão sobre a análise do discurso do filme para perceber as mensagens que estão por dentro de seu discurso, com o objetivo de alicerçar a análise dos textos dos alunos. Os textos produzidos sobre a questão do desmatamento foram transcritos e analisados segundo o padrão de argumento Toulmin (2006). A partir deste referencial de análise, foram identificados valores empregados pelos alunos, como: respeito ao meio ambiente, valor à vida, ao coletivo, à cultura, à moradia e aos recursos financeiros. Os valores usados nas respostas estavam presentes no filme trabalhado, o que mostra que o filme apresenta grande influência na construção das respostas dos alunos. O respeito ao meio ambiente foi o valor que apareceu com maior frequência, mostrando uma estreita ligação das respostas com as mensagens do filme. Os alunos responderam à questão utilizando raciocínios baseados em princípios, consequências, emoção ou intuição. Os padrões morais foram categorizados segundo o padrão moral racionalista proposto por Sadler & Zeidler (2004). A maioria das respostas apresentou consequências (Raciocínio Moral Consequencialista) para o ato de desmatar, mesma abordagem do filme. Os conceitos científicos também apareceram de forma significativa nas respostas, principalmente os conceitos que são trabalhados no filme, como: desmatamento, extinção das espécies, recursos necessários para a sobrevivência das espécies, animais como pragas naturais, cadeia alimentar, hibernação e plantio de árvores. A garantia (W), segundo o padrão de Toulmin (2006), foi o elemento do argumento que mais apresentou conceitos trabalhados no filme, mostrando que os alunos utilizam como justificativa as informações do próprio filme. A preponderância dos padrões morais, valores e conceitos científicos presentes no filme na construção das respostas dos alunos mostra o quanto as mensagens presentes nesse recurso são significativas aos alunos e passam a fazer parte de seus repertórios. / In this work, I analyze to what extent a group of students from the fifth year of the Elementary School from a private school of São Paulo appropriate the scientific concepts disclosed by a juvenile movie (Over the Hedge, 2006) to construct their argumentative discourses, and whether they also use moral patterns and values in their writings, when dealing with a socioscientific issue. The socioscientific issues involve the decision taking process related not only to scientific, cultural, social, and political aspects, but also to morals and ethics aspects. These issues do not have one unique satisfactory and definitive solution from the moral perspective. The problem of deforesting for the construction of condominium homes raises different point of views and opinions, and in this research, the socioscientific issue was considered the most important of them, and this issue was developed from the main theme of the juvenile movie seen by the students. The criteria for choosing the movie were: its dynamic language consistent with the student\'s age range, its broad dissemination and acceptance by the general public, and its thematic related to environmental, political, economy, social, ethical, and cultural issues, all of them contemplating the curriculum with Scientific-Technology-Society-Environment - STS - emphasis. Initially a discussion about the movie\'s discourse analysis is done, in order to realize the messages inside its discourse, with the goal to support the analysis of the students\' writings. The writings about the deforesting issue were transcribed and analyzed according to the Toulmin argument pattern (2006). From this referential analysis, values used by the students, such as respect for the environment and value for life, collective, culture, housing, and financial resources were identified. The values used in the answers were in the movie, showing that it made a huge influence on the construction of the student\'s answers. The respect for the environment was the value that most appeared in the answers, showing a close connection between these and the movie\'s messages. Students solved the questions using reasoning based on principles, consequences, emotion or intuition. The moral patterns were categorized according to the rationalist moral pattern proposed by Sadler & Zeidler (2004). Most answers had consequences (Consequentalist Reasoning) to the deforesting act, the same approach of the movie. The scientific concepts also appeared significantly, mainly the concepts presented during the movie, such as: deforesting, species extinction, necessary resources to species survival, animals as natural pest, food chain, hibernation, and planting trees. The warranty (W), according to Toulmin pattern (2006), was the argument element with most concepts presented in the movie, showing that the students used the movie\'s information as justification to their answers. The strong presence in the student\'s answers of moral patterns, values and scientific concepts from the movie shows not only how the messages in this kind of resource are significant to the students, but also that these messages become part of their repertories.
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Atividades sociocientíficas em sala de aula de física: as argumentações dos estudantes / Socioscientific activities in the classroom of pfysics: the students\' argumentations

Sidnei Pércia da Penha 13 December 2012 (has links)
Uma importante questão colocada na área de Ensino de Ciências é identificar se o ensino de ciências pode, de algum modo contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade das decisão dos estudantes sobre questões sociocientíficas. Esta pesquisa investigou o modo como os estudantes atuam em uma atividade de debate simulado em uma sala de aula de Física: Como participam destas atividades? Qual o tipo, o modo e o grau da Sensibilidade Moral de seu Raciocínio Informal? Qual a qualidade de sua argumentação? Para responder a estas questões, além de uma revisão sistemática da literatura da área relacionada às questões sociocientíficas, desenvolvemos uma Ferramenta Analítica para avaliar a qualidade da argumentação dos estudantes, que se fundamenta na avaliação da qualidade dos argumentos e da qualidade das oposições entre eles. Os dados dessa pesquisa são as transcrições de duas atividades de debate simulado sobre a instalação da TV digital brasileira, nas quais grupos de estudantes atuaram defendendo interesses específicos. Os resultados desse estudo indicaram que a organização da atividade em grupos facilitou o fluxo da argumentação e criou o efeito de atenuar a grande diversidade de suas contribuições. Mostraram também que, nestas atividades, os estudantes utilizaram o padrão Racionalista de Raciocínio Informal e que o modo como orientaram seu Raciocínio Informal e a Sensibilidade Moral de suas considerações estavam fortemente relacionadas ao contexto de cada atividade. A utilização de nossa Ferramenta Analítica nos permitiu identificar que, durante sua argumentação, os estudantes elaboraram premissas que são aceitáveis e relevantes, mas grande parte não é suficiente para suportar o peso de suas afirmações, e que contextos mais sociais possuem maior propensão para promoção de episódios de melhor nível de qualidade da argumentação. Recomendações para a área são elaboradas em nossas considerações finais. / An important question science teaching area is related to identifying if science teaching can contribute to improve the quality of students\' decision about socioscientific issues. This research investigated how students act in a simulated debate activity in a physics class: How students take part in these activities? What are the patterns, the way and the Moral Sensitivity degree of their Informal Reasoning? And how is their argumentation quality? To answer all of these questions, besides a systematic literature review in the area of socioscientific issues, we also developed an analytical tool to assess the students\' argumentation quality, which is based on the evaluation of the arguments quality and quality of opositions between the arguments. Data this study are transcripts of two simulated debate activities about installing the Brazilian digital TV, in which groups of students worked defending specific interests. The results of this study indicated that the the activities organized in groups facilitated the flow of the argumentation and created the effect of reducing the great diversity of their contributions. They also showed that in these activities the students used the Rationalist Informal Reasoning Patterns. In addition, the results showed that not only the Reasoning Mode but also the Moral Sensitivity were strongly related to the context of each activity. Through the use of our analytical tool we were able to identify that during their argumentation students formulate assumptions that are acceptable and relevant, but most of them are not sufficient to support the weight of their claims. Our analysis also indicated that social contexts have more possibility to promote episodes of high quality of argumentation level. Recommendations for the area, are presented in our final considerations.

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