Hypothesis: "By an environmental change in high school vending machines, making water available, students will choose water over the sugar sweetened sodas." This document highlights a case study analysis of vendor-provided refill data for forty-five beverage vending machines at two campus sites in one high school district in 2003 and 2004. The innovative study and publicized negotiated soda contract of a 50:50 (healthy to unhealthy) beverage ratio stipulation became the “Win-Win-WEAN” compromise, in which exposure to healthier beverage options for students might prove to provide the same income opportunity for the school district. An overview of the political climate in California leading to this local advocacy for reduced availability of sodas on school campuses, which began in 1999 before the passage of Senate Bill 19- Pupil Nutrition, Health Achievement Act of October 2001 (SB-19) is also addressed. The quagmire to generate and implement this unique pilot of a 5-year contract stipulating a 50:50 ratio, with strategic placement of qualified healthy beverages in the top slots of the 45 machines, is discussed to give context of the beverage industry practices. The ratio stipulation was intended to target one significant area of empty calories in students’ daily environments in attempt to help reverse the unprecedented obesity epidemic among adolescents. The agreement voted upon by the Santa Maria Joint Union School District’s Board of Trustees in a public meeting, as noted in the minutes of August 14, 2002, was not implemented as originally approved and thus a series of negotiation meetings began, prompting this data analysis. The 50:50 ratio, per SB-19, was not achieved during the performance life of the contract between the school district and the beverage vendor. School district administration fiscal year-end data in March 2005 confirmed that the hypothesis of a net profit sales quota of $60,000 was rejected, as there was a $7,300 shortfall. The data analyzed did determine that the highest selling, single beverage productwas un-flavored (plain) water with a 65% share. This information was contrary to the beverage vendor and school district business superintendents’ pre-conceived ideas that water in the machines would cause them to lose money. In reality water was the highest revenue generator beverage. The $60,000 minimum guaranteed annual commission, which was in actuality a sales quota projection, was still acknowledged as a contractual commitment by the vendor so no actual deficiency in fund payments was experienced by the school district. The profit margin for both water and other products was 40 cents per can. The data analysis showed that water was indeed the highest selling beverage regardless of equipment malfunction, restocking failures, and misrepresentation of drinks as healthy by vending machine placement and clever advertising with label changes for the same beverage. When water was included in the vending machines, students responded with immediate purchasing of water, demonstrating the 4th of five distinct stages of readiness for behavior change as “Action” following the principles of Drs’ Prochaska and Di Clemete’s Trans-Theoretical model. This model outlines different levels toward sustained behavior change and typical timelines of each relative stage of change. Keywords: beverage consumption, sodas, obesity, empty calories.

All youth are faced with many social issues and problems on a daily basis, and youth in foster care are often less equipped than their peers to make good decisions for themselves. The SODAS problem solving method is a component of the Transition to Independence Process (TIP) model and is intended for personnel to use with youth to help them make better decisions when faced with difficult situations. The SODAS method is designed to guide youth through a problem solving method for a current situation, and over time to acquire improved problem solving skills. Three caregivers at a group facility for youth in foster care were trained in the use of the SODAS method using Behavioral Skills Training (BST) and were evaluated by the researchers in their use of SODAS in simulated role plays with the researchers and with youth participants to test for generalization of the SODAS method to novel situations. Results showed substantial improvement of caregiver application of the steps on the SODAS method from baseline to the post-training condition when researchers simulated the youth's role. Results also showed that caregiver proficiency generalized to novel situations presented by youth participants during their role play probes.

Ausies uždegimas ne retai pasitaikanti liga porakanopiniams gyvūnams. Dėl racionalaus antimikrobinių vaistų vartojimo, svarbu išskirti ir identifikuoti sukelėjus ir jų jautrumą antimikrobinėms medžiagoms. Mėginiai imti iš dvylikos sveikų kamerūninių ožių, keturių šiaurinių elnių ir keturių lamų ausų landų. Visi gyvūnai yra laikomi Lietuvos zoologijos sode. Išskirti mikroorganizmai (Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Micrococcus spp.) ir nustatytas jų jautrumas antimikrobinėms medžiagoms. Kamerūniniams ožiams iš ausų landų išskirtos mikroorganizmų padermės Bacillus spp. ir Staphylococcus spp. Mikroflora jautriausia antimikrobinėms medžiagoms – amoksicilinui, cefaleksinui ir gentamicinui. Šiauriniams elniams ir lamoms iš ausų landų išskirtos mikroorganizmų padermės Bacillus spp. ir Staphylococcus spp. Mikroflora jautriausia antimikrobinei medžiagai - amoksicilinui. / Otitis is a common disease in artiodactyla animals. Identification the microorganism and begin the antibacterial treatment is important for rational use of antimicrobials. Samples were collected from twelve cameroons goats, four reindeers and four llamas external ear canal. They all are kept in Lithuanian zoo. Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Micrococcus spp. were identified in the samples and set their sensitivity to antimicrobials. In all twelve samples from healthy cameroon goats were identified Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. Our data showed that healthy cameroon goats sample's microflora were most susceptible to amoxicillini, gentamicini and cephalexini. In all eight samples from healthy llamas anr reinderrs Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. were identified. Reindeer and llamas external ear canal microflora samples were most susceptible to amoxicillin.

Šiaulių universiteto Botanikos sode auginamos pušys pasirinktos kaip tyrimo objektas, nes kaip ir kiti spygliuočiai, jos priskirtinos vienai įdomiausių ir dekoratyviausių augalų grupei. Šie augalai pasižymi didele spalvų, formų, aukščių įvairove bei neypatingu reiklumu aplinkos sąlygoms. Darbo tikslas – atlikti ŠU Botanikos sode auginamų pušų kolekcijos įvertinimą bei auginimo perspektyvumo analizę. Darbo uždaviniai: atlikti Botanikos sodo pušų kolekcijos analizę, įvertinti kasmetinį ūglių prieaugį, atlikti pušų dauginimą gyvašakėmis. Siekiant išsiaiškinti ar pakankama pušų pasiūla Šiaulių mieste, atlikti augalų prekybinių aikštelių pušų sortimento analizę. Įvertinti Botanikos sode auginamų pušų auginimo želdynuose perspektyvumą. Tyrimai atlikti 2008–2009 metų vasaros laikotarpiu ŠU Botanikos sode. Tyrimų metu buvo išanalizuoti atskiri pušų požymiai. Nustatyta, kad ŠU Botanikos sode pagrinde vyrauja kūgiška ir ovali lajos forma. Įvertinus rezultatus, nustatyta šviesiai ruda, pilkai ruda ūglių spalva. Pušų ūgliams būdinga per metus priaugti 10–20 cm. Daugiausiai vyrauja dvispyglės ir penkiaspyglės pušys. Spyglių spalva yra šviesiai, bei tamsiai žalia su pilku, melsvu ar gelsvu atspalviu, o spyglių ilgis įvairuoja – nuo 2 iki 22 cm. Darbo rezultatais įrodyta, kad pušys gyvašakėmis dauginasi labai sunkiai, tik 25 % gyvašakių išliko gyvybingos. Pagal gautus tyrimo duomenis nustatyta, kad prekybinėse aikštelėse didesnė dalis yra pušų veislių (79 %), o ŠU Botanikos sode veislių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Pines grown in Siauliai University Botanical Gardens have been chosen as the research subject as they are attributable to one of the most interesting and decorative group of plants just like the rest of conifers. These plants distinguish for a great variety of colours, shapes and heights as well as no particular high standards for environmental conditions. Aim of the Paper – to carry out the evaluation of pine collection grown in Siauliai University Botanical Gardens and analysis of perspectives for growing. Tasks of the Paper: to carry out the analysis of pine collection of Siauliai University Botanical Gardens, to evaluate the augmentation of annual sprouts, to carry out the reproduction of pines by means of cuttings. To evaluate the perspectives for growing pines at greeneries of the Botanical Gardens. Researches have been carried out during the summertime of 2008–2009 in Siauliai University Botanical Gardens. Particular features of pines have been analysed during the researches. It has been estimated that basically fastigiated and ovate shapes of crowns prevail in the Botanical Gardens. Light brown, greyish brown colours of sprouts have been found upon assessment of results. It is typical for sprouts to grow 10 – 20 cm every year. Mostly prevail two-needle and five-needle pines. The colour of needles is light and dark green with grey, bluish or yellowish shades, and the length of the needles varies from 2 to 22 cm. Results of the Paper proved that reproduction of pines by... [to full text]

PAPER The possibilities of naturalization of rare and vanishing plants’ species are surveyed in master’s study The subject of research - The botanical gardens of Liskiava with the rare and vanishing plants’ species cultured and naturalized there. Objective of the research – Naturalized species of the plants: Turk’s-cap (Lilium martagon), medicinal angelica (Angelica archangelica), perennial satinflower (Lunaria rediviva), and ivy bedstraw (Hedera helix). Also the naturalization in site of rare plants is observed and estimated. Methods of study – Some studied plants were brought from their natural vegetation places, digging out it with the thickness of soil, some of then were sown from seeds: macro bloom finger-flower (Digitalis grandiflora), meadowy salvia (Salvia pratensis). The naturalization of these plants and capability to proliferate is also observed. Ecologist of Dzukija National park, Henrikas Gudavicius conduced to pursue the observation and researches, also rendered comprehensive information about the botanical gardens of Liskiava. Such possibilities of naturalization of rare and vanishing plants’ species were no studied in Lithuania. The conclusion could be done under the results of research: rare plants can be naturalized, just the proper place must be chosen and the observation is necessary during the first year. Keywords: National park of Dzukija, The botanical gardens of Liskiava, rare and vanishing plants’ species, naturalization.

nÃo hà / O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito da implantaÃÃo do controle fiscal eletrÃnico da produÃÃo de bebidas composto pelo Sistema de MediÃÃo de VazÃo â SMV e pelo Sistema de Controle de Bebidas - SICOBE, sobre o nÃvel da arrecadaÃÃo do ICMS da atividade econÃmica da fabricaÃÃo de cervejas e refrigerantes do Estado do CearÃ. Para tanto, utilizouse os seguintes parÃmetros: a base de dados da arrecadaÃÃo mensal de ICMS, a receita do imposto sobre produtos industrializados â IPI, o nÃmero de postos de trabalho ocupados na indÃstria e a quantidade de energia elÃtrica utilizados na atividade industrial das empresas do setor de bebidas sediadas no Cearà do perÃodo de 2002 a 2011. Essas bases sÃo compostas de duas categorias de contribuintes: indÃstrias de bebidas quentes e indÃstrias de bebidas frias. Utilizou-se a metodologia aplicada aos experimentos naturais usando a tÃcnica diferenÃa da diferenÃa. Como resultado foi observado que a introduÃÃo do controle eletrÃnico da produÃÃo gerou um incremento significativo na arrecadaÃÃo do ICMS das indÃstrias de bebidas no Estado do CearÃ. / The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of electronic fiscal control of the production of beverage composed by the Flow Measurement System - SMV and the Liquor Control System â Sicobe, on the level of the collection of ICMS, of beers and soft drinks manufactured at the state of CearÃ. We used the the database of beverage factories of the state of Cearà in the period of 2002 to 2011 on following parameters, the monthly collection of ICMS, the amount of collect tax over industrialized products â IPI, the number of jobs and the amount of electricity consumption. The industries were classified into two categories of taxpayers: the hot beverage and cold beverages industries. We used the methodology difference of difference, commonly applied to natural experiments.