Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EDUARDO MALDAUN BARRETO.pdf: 3234972 bytes, checksum: 1d2d2b79d8a4946c00677b6193158089 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work present a study of a three level NPC (Neutral Point Clamped), with ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) and PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control strategy, using a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) for digital control and switches activation. First, a theoretical study is done, where the main waveforms and operation stages are presented. After, a quantitative study is done in order to implement the NPC inverter. Based on the calculations, the mathematical models for each inverter section are extracted to implement the digital control. The project data is then compiled and simulated on Orcad Pspice and Simulink software. Finally, an 1.5 kW, 800 V input voltage, 127 V or 220 V output voltage, and 200 kHz switching frequency is implemented and the experimental results are compared with theoretical and simulated results / Este trabalho apresenta o estudo de um inversor NPC (Neutral Point Clamped) a três níveis com comutação suave ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) e controle PWM (Pulse Width Modulation), fazendo o uso de uma lógica programável do tipo FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) para controle e acionamento das chaves. Inicialmente é feito um estudo qualitativo do inversor, onde as principais formas de onda e etapas de operação são apresentadas, a seguir são estudados os aspectos quantitativos para, desta forma, efetuar o projeto do inversor. Com o inversor definido, todos os modelos matemáticos de todos os circuitos necessários para se realizar o controle digital do inversor são apresentados, assim como o projeto de um controlador digital. Utilizando os dados de projeto do inversor NPC ZVS PWM e controle, os resultados de simulações feitas nos programas Orcad Pspice e Simulink são obtidos. Por fim, um protótipo de 1,5 kW, 800 V de tensão de entrada, 127 V ou 220 V de tensão de saída e 200 kHz de frequência de comutação é montado e os resultados experimentais são avaliados e comparados com os previamente obtidos numericamente e por simulação.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:54:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JeanPD_TESE.pdf: 2551926 bytes, checksum: 0cea6096dad85829234a17d89574bd1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-15 / This work describes the study, the analysis, the project methodology and the constructive details of a high frequency DC/AC resonant series converter using sequential commutation techniques for the excitation of an inductive coupled thermal plasma torch. The aim of this thesis is to show the new modulation technique potentialities and to present a technological option for the high-frequency electronic power converters development. The resonant converter operates at 50 kW output power under a 400 kHz frequency and it is constituted by inverter cells using ultra-fast IGBT devices. In order to minimize the turn-off losses, the inverter cells operates in a ZVS mode referred by a modified PLL loop that maintains this condition stable, despite the load variations. The sequential pulse gating command strategy used it allows to operate the IGBT devices on its maximum power limits using the derating and destressing current scheme, as well as it propitiates a frequency multiplication of the inverters set. The output converter is connected to a series resonant circuit constituted by the applicator ICTP torch, a compensation capacitor and an impedance matching RF transformer. At the final, are presented the experimental results and the many tests achieved in laboratory as form to validate the proposed new technique / Este trabalho descreve o estudo, a an?lise, a metodologia de projeto e os detalhes de constru??o de um conversor ressonante CC/CA de alta freq??ncia usando t?cnicas de comuta??o seq?encial (sequential pulse gating), para a excita??o de uma tocha indutiva a plasma t?rmico. Esta tese objetiva mostrar a potencialidade desta nova t?cnica de modula??o e apresentar uma alternativa tecnol?gica para o projeto de conversores eletr?nicos de pot?ncia em altas freq??ncias. O conversor ressonante opera na freq??ncia nominal de 400 kHz, com pot?ncia de 50 kW, e ? constitu?do por c?lulas inversoras empregando chaves IGBTs de comuta??o r?pida. Para minimizar as perdas de comuta??o no corte, as c?lulas ressonantes operam no modo de chaveamento suave ZVS, referenciado por uma malha PLL modificada que mant?m esta condi??o est?vel apesar das varia??es de carga. A estrat?gia de comando por comuta??o seq?encial permite operar os dispositivos IGBTs no seu limite superior de pot?ncia usando as propriedades de redu??o (derating) e de al?vio (destressing) de corrente, assim como propicia um efeito de multiplica??o na freq??ncia final do conjunto de inversores. A sa?da do conversor ? conectada a um circuito ressonante s?rie formado pelo aplicador da tocha ICTP e um capacitor de compensa??o, por interm?dio de um transformador RF de adapta??o de imped?ncias. No final, s?o apresentados resultados experimentais e ensaios conduzidos em laborat?rio como forma de validar a nova t?cnica proposta

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / This work presents the analysis, design example, simulations and experimental results on a soft-switching bidirectional isolated three-phase dc-dc converter using dual phase-shift control with variable duty cycle. The topology uses three single H-bridges in the primary side and a three-phase inverter in the secondary side. High-frequency isolation is ensured by using three single-phase transformers connected in open delta-wye configuration. The variation of both phase-shift (PS) angles between the H-bridge legs and/or primary and secondary sides allows controlling the power flow, while reduced reactive power flow is possible. The variable duty cycle is used to ensure a constant voltage bus and/or zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation. A detailed analysis is presented considering a model based on the fundamental components for the voltages and currents in the transformer and, aiming its validation, a second analysis from the operation stages of the converter has also been developed. Besides, the dynamic model of the converter, based on fundamental components and employing the gyrator theory has been developed. A design example with nominal values assumptions, stresses and specifications for components, discrete control system characterization and its FPGA programming are presented. Simulation and experimental results in steady state and closed-loop performance are presented and discussed to validate the proposed approach. / Este trabalho apresenta a anÃlise, exemplo de projeto, simulaÃÃes e resultados experimentais de um conversor CC-CC trifÃsico isolado bidirecional com comutaÃÃo suave, dual phase shift (DPS) e razÃo cÃclica variÃvel. A topologia utiliza trÃs pontes H monofÃsicas no lado primÃrio e um inversor trifÃsico no lado secundÃrio. A isolaÃÃo em alta frequÃncia à garantida utilizando-se trÃs transformadores monofÃsicos conectados em uma configuraÃÃo delta aberto/estrela. A variaÃÃo de ambos os Ãngulos de deslocamento de fase, entre os braÃos de uma ponte H e/ou entre os lados primÃrio e secundÃrio, permitem o controle do fluxo de potÃncia. Esta flexibilidade garante a obtenÃÃo de um baixo conteÃdo reativo na anÃlise de projeto da topologia. A razÃo cÃclica variÃvel à utilizada para assegurar um barramento constante e uma operaÃÃo dos interruptores com comutaÃÃo suave. Uma anÃlise matemÃtica da estrutura à apresentada considerando um modelo baseado em componentes fundamentais e, com o propÃsito de comprovar a validade deste modelo, uma segunda anÃlise a partir das etapas de operaÃÃo do conversor tambÃm foi desenvolvida. O modelo dinÃmico do conversor, baseado nas componentes fundamentais, tambÃm foi concebido com auxÃlio da teoria do gyrator. Um exemplo de projeto, com a obtenÃÃo de valores nominais, esforÃos e especificaÃÃes dos componentes, caracterizaÃÃo do sistema de controle discreto e sua programaÃÃo atravÃs de FPGA sÃo desenvolvidos. SimulaÃÃes e resultados experimentais do conversor operando em regime permanente e dinÃmico sÃo apresentados para validar o modelo proposto.

Bi-directional DC-DC converters are used for applications that require a flow of energy in two directions, while a wide range converter offer efficient operation over a wide range of input and output voltages. However, an efficient technology that is both bi-directional and Wide Input Wide Output (WIWO), currently, does not currently exist.   To find a suitable topology, the work began by surveying the existing literature and when a potentially suitable solution was identified, it was evaluated via simulation.   Using a wide range, unidirectional topology as the starting point, a converter topology was designed, capable of reconfiguring its transformer ratios by controlling the synchronization of its switches.   By aiming to use soft switching in simulation, this topology was improved to reach 92\% efficiency in the forward mode and 95\% in the reverse mode of operation. Furthermore, a prototype of this converter was developed that reached 82\% efficiency. While this prototype requires a better controller, hardware optimization and testing for optimal performance, the proposed technology was verified via simulation to work as a WIWO converter that is also bi-directional.

This diploma thesis deals with analysis of function and subsequent construction of a quasi-resonant DC / DC converter 300 V / 50 V for an output of about 1.5 kW. The aim of this work is to test and describe the behavior of an experimental converter at various operating parameters. In the theoretical part, resonant circuits are described, as well as our connection of the resonant converter. Based on the used topology and the simulated behavior of the converter, the individual components of the power circuit and its control and excitation circuit are designed in Chapters 4 and 5. The sixth chapter deals with the construction and testing of the converter, including a description of its behavior. The last chapter contains technical documentation.

The master's thesis covers in its first parts origins and consequnces of the switching losses, basic principles of the various resonant tanks and resonant DC/DC converters. Afterwards the innovative approach of the multiperiod modulation is presented. The main advantages of this kind of modulation include very wide zero current switching region and lowering the switching frequency as the output voltage decreases. In the remaining part of the thesis a prototype converter design is described.

La transmission d’énergie par induction est devenue un sujet extrêmement porteur compte tenu du contexte géopolitique et environnemental du moment ; ainsi que des possibilités technologiques. Les enjeux de l’alimentation électrique d’un véhicule en roulant sont importants : réduction de la taille de la batterie embarquée, du poids et du coût du véhicule, limitation des importations de cellules de batteries et réduction des importations pétrolières au profit d’investissements locaux et extension du rayon d’action des véhicules électriques voire hybrides rechargeables pouvant aller d’un simple bonus à un rayon d’action infini selon le dimensionnement de l’infrastructure.La solution développée utilise le vecteur magnétique. Elle fait donc appel à des bobines faiblement couplés qui impliquent de fortes inductances de fuite et des chutes de tensions associées hors du commun. Un nouveau type de convertisseur « continu-continu » a été imaginé afin de répondre à ces contraintes. Celui-ci se fonde sur le concept de symétrie ; l’analyse détaillée basée sur les diagrammes de Fresnel, a conduit à l’élaboration d’un fonctionnement particulier qui a été appelé la « recopie de tension ». Le prototype réalisé fonctionne avec un entrefer réaliste de 15 centimètres, une tolérance au décentrage de +/-50% sur l’axe longitudinal, une tension de sortie stable avec de faibles pertes malgré d’importantes variations de couplage. Le tout sans aucune communication entre la partie au sol et la partie mobile. Ces résultats permettent d’envisager sérieusement un fonctionnement en roulant.Celui-ci nécessite de pouvoir séquencer l’alimentation d’une multitude de bobines de petite taille enfouies sous la chaussée, au bon moment et à la bonne position. La mise en court-circuit résonnant des bobines inactive permet d’utiliser la mesure des courants pour déterminer précisément l’instant d’activation de la bobine suivante. Cette solution originale, qui s’affranchi de tout capteur de position, conserve la propriété de recopie de tension et le principe de dimensionnement développés dans la première partie. / Inductive power transfer has become a flourishing subject, considering the current geopolitical and environmental situation and the new technological possibilities. The electric road may lead to important and valuable consequences: extended range for electric vehicles and even hybrids, from a simple bonus to an infinite range, depending on the infrastructure set up, down-sized on-board batteries, reduction of the weight and cost of the vehicle and lowered importations of both battery cells and oil for the benefit of local investments .The solution developed uses a magnetic medium for the transfer. Therefore, it involves loosely coupled coils, implying inevitably strong leakage inductances and outstanding associated voltage drops. A new type of DC-DC converter was imagined to answer those issues. It is based on the concept of symmetry; a detailed analysis conducted with phasor diagrams leads to a specific working principle, which has been named the “voltage copying”. Thus, the DC/DC converter designed works with a realistic air-gap of 15 centimeters, a longitudinal tolerance to displacement up to +/-50% and a stable output voltage with low losses despite large coupling variations. And it all works without any communication between the ground part and the mobile part. These results make a dynamic charging seriously worth investigating.It requires to sequence the power supply of a multitude of small coils buried beneath the road surface, at the right time and for the right position. Putting inactive coils in a resonant short-circuit mode enables to use current measures to precisely detect the switching time from one coil to the next. This original solution, free of any position sensor, does not prevent the specific “voltage copying” property and the design principles developed in the first part.

No description available.

One of the requirements for the next generation of power supplies for distributed power systems (DPSs) is to achieve high power density with high efficiency. In the traditional front-end converter based on the two-stage approach for high-power three-phase DPSs, the DC-link voltage coming from the power factor correction (PFC) stage penalizes the second-stage DC/DC converter. This DC/DC converter not only has to meet the characteristics demanded by the load, but also must process energy with high efficiency, high reliability, high power density and low cost. To meet these requirements, approaches such as the series connection of converters and converters that reduce the voltage stress across the main devices have been proposed. In order to improve the characteristics of these solutions, this dissertation proposes high-efficiency, high-density DC/DC converters for high-power high-voltage applications. In the first part of the dissertation, a DC/DC converter based on a three-level structure and operated with pulse width modulation (PWM) phase-shift control is proposed. This new way to operate the three-level DC/DC converter allows soft-switching operation for the main devices. Zero-voltage switching (ZVS) and zero-voltage and zero-current switching (ZVZCS) soft-switching techniques are studied, analyzed and compared in order to improve the characteristics of the proposed converter. This results in a series of ZVS and ZVZCS three-level DC/DC converters for high-power high-voltage applications. In all cases, results from 6kW prototypes operating at 100 kHz are presented. In addition, with the ultimate goal of improving the power density of the DC/DC converter, a study of several resonant DC/DC converters that can operate at higher switching frequencies is presented. From this study, a three-element ZVS three-level resonant converter for applications with wide input voltage and load variations is proposed. Experimental results at 745 kHz obtained without penalizing the efficiency of the PWM approaches are presented. The second part of the dissertation proposes a quasi-integrated AC/DC three-phase converter that aims to reduce the complexity and cost of the traditional two-stage front-end converter. This converter improves the complexity/low-efficiency tradeoff characteristics evident in the two-stage approach and previous integrated converters. The principle of operation for the converter is analyzed and verified on a 3kW experimental prototype. / Ph. D.

With the development of solar energy, power conversion systems responsible for energy delivering from photovoltaic (PV) modules to ac or dc grid attract wide attentions and have significantly increased installations worldwide. Modular power conversion system has the highest efficiency of maximum power point tacking (MPPT), which can transfer more solar power to electricity. However, this system suffers the drawbacks of low power conversion efficiency and high cost due to a large number of power electronics converters. High-power density can provide potentials to reduce cost through the reduction of components and potting materials. Nowadays, the power electronics converters with the conventional silicon (Si) based power semiconductor devices are developed maturely and have limited improvements regarding in power conversion efficiency and power density. With the availability of wide bandgap devices, the power electronics converters have extended opportunities to achieve higher efficiency and higher power density due to the desirable features of wide bandgap devices, such as low on-state resistance, small junction capacitance and high switching speed. This dissertation focuses on the application of wide bandgap devices to the dc-dc power conversion for the modular PV applications in an effort to improve the power conversion efficiency and power density. Firstly, the structure of gallium-nitride (GaN) device is studied theoretically and characteristics of GaN device are evaluated under testing with both hard-switching and soft-switching conditions. The device performance during steady-state and transitions are explored under different power level conditions and compared with Si based devices. Secondly, an isolated high-efficiency GaN-based dc-dc converter with capability of wide range regulation is proposed for modular PV applications. The circuit configuration of secondary side is a proposed active-boost-rectifier, which merges a Boost circuit and a voltage-doubler rectifier. With implementation of the proposed double-pulse duty cycle modulation method, the active-boost-rectifier can not only serve for synchronous rectification but also achieve the voltage boost function. The proposed converter can achieve zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) of primary side switches and zero-current-switching (ZCS) of secondary side switches regardless of the input voltages or output power levels. Therefore, the proposed converter not only keeps the benefits of highly-efficient series resonant converter (SRC) but also achieves a higher voltage gain than SRC and a wide range regulation ability without adding additional switches while operating under the fixed-frequency condition. GaN devices are utilized in both primary and secondary sides. A 300-W hardware prototype is built to achieve a peak efficiency of 98.9% and a California Energy Commission (CEC) weighted efficiency of 98.7% under nominal input voltage condition. Finally, the proposed converter is designed and optimized at 1-MHz switching frequency to pursue the feature of high-power density. Considering the ac effects under high frequency, the magnetic components and PCB structure are optimized with finite element method (FEM) simulations. Compared with 140-kHz design, the volume of 1-MHz design can reduce more than 70%, while the CEC efficiency only drops 0.8% at nominal input voltage condition. There are also key findings on circuit design techniques to reduce parasitic effects. The parasitic inductances induced from PCB layout of primary side circuit can cause the unbalanced resonant current between positive and negative half cycles if the power loops of two half cycles have asymmetrical parasitic inductances. Moreover, these parasitic inductances reflecting to secondary side should be considered into the design of resonant inductance. The parasitic capacitances of secondary side could affect ZVS transitions and increase the required magnetizing current. Because of large parasitic capacitances, the dead-time period occupies a large percentage of entire switching period in MHz operations, which should be taken into consideration when designing the resonant frequency of resonant network. / Doctor of Philosophy / Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energies to replace the conventional fossils. Power electronics converters are necessary to transfer power from solar panels to dc or ac grid. Since the output of solar panel is low voltage with a wide range and the grid side is high voltage, this power converter should meet the basic requirements of high step up and wide range regulation. Additionally, high power conversion efficiency is an important design purpose in order to save energy. The existing solutions have limitations of narrow regulating range, low efficiency or complicated circuit structure. Recently, the third-generation power semiconductors attract more and more attentions who can help to reduce the power loss. They are named as wide band gap devices. This dissertation proposed a wide band gap devices based power converter with ability of wide regulating range, high power conversion efficiency and simple circuit structure. Moreover, this proposed converter is further designed for high power density, which reduces more than 70% of volume. In this way, small power converter can merge into the junction box of solar panel, which can reduce cost and be convenient for installations.