The main goal of this master's thesis is to apprise of principles of Cisco One Platform Kit based on software defined networks and with monitoring techniques in that type of networks. The focus is concentrated on monitoring the quality of Voice over IP communication. Next part of this thesis is a proposal and implementation of the extensible monitoring environment OneMon on the Cisco One Platform Kit. It is possible to extend OneMon environment using specific analyzers to monitor various types of network traffic. The part of this master's thesis is also implementation of VoIP traffic analyzer for SIP and RTP protocols. This analyzer provides information about phone calls and their quality in a monitored segment of a computer network.

In this diploma thesis is described new network architecture also known as software defined networks. In first part of work are explained and described tasks of individual architecture layers. Work includes discussion about advantages and disadvantages of these networks. In next part is described OpenFlow protocol which allows to controller communicate with underlying hardware devices. Last part contains proposal of laboratory excercises which demonstrate SDN technology.

Au cours des dernières années, la croissance des architectures de réseaux de télécommunication a rapidement augmenté pour suivre un trafic en plein essor. En outre, leur consommation d'énergie est devenue un enjeu Important, tant pour son impact économique qu'écologique. De multiples approches ont été proposées pour la réduire. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur l'approche Energy Aware Routing (EAR) qui consiste à fournir un routage valide tout en diminuant le nombre d'équipements réseau actifs. Cependant, les réseaux actuels ne sont pas adaptés au déploiement de politiques vertes globales en raison de leur gestion distribuée et de la nature fermée des périphériques réseau actuels. Les paradigmes de Software Defined Network (SDN) et de Network Function Virtualization (NFV) promettent de faciliter le déploiement de politiques vertes. En effet, le premier sépare le plan de contrôle et de données et offre donc une gestion centralisée du réseau. Le second propose de découpler le logiciel et le matériel des fonctions réseau et permet une plus grande flexibilité dans la création et la gestion des services réseau. Dans cette thèse, nous nous concentrons sur les défis posés par ces paradigmes pour le déploiement de politiques EAR. Nous consacrons les deux premières parties aux SDNs. Nous étudions d'abord les contraintes de taille de table de routage causées par la complexité accrue des règles, puis le déploiement progressif de périphériques SDN dans un réseau actuel. Nous concentrons notre attention sur NFV dans la dernière partie, et plus particulièrement nous étudions les chaines de fonctions de services. / In the recent years, the growth of the architecture of telecommunication networks has been quickly increasing to keep up with a booming traffic. Moreover, the energy consumption of these infrastructures is becoming a growing issue, both for its economic and ecological impact. Multiple approaches were proposed to reduce the networks' power consumption such as decreasing the number of active elements. Indeed, networks are designed to handle high traffic, e.g., during the day, but are over-provisioned during the night. In this thesis, we focus on disabling links and routers inside the network while keeping a valid routing. This approach is known as Energy Aware Routing (EAR). However current networks are not adapted to support the deployment of network-wide green policies due to their distributed management and the black-box nature of current network devices. The SDN and NFV paradigms bear the promise of bringing green policies to reality. The first one decouples the control and data plane and thus enable a centralized control of the network. The second one proposes to decouple the software and hardware of network functions and allows more flexibility in the creation and management of network services. In this thesis, we focus on the challenges brought by these two paradigms for the deployment of EAR policies. We dedicated the first two parts to the SDN paradigm. We first study the forwarding table size constraints due to an Increased complexity of rules. We then study the progressive deployment of SDN devices alongside legacy ones. We focus our attention on the NFV paradigm in the last part, and more particularly, we study the Service Function Chaining problem.

Under the umbrella of Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Everything (IoE), new applications with diverse requirements have emerged and the traditional System-on-Chips (SoCs) were unable to support them. Hence, new versatile SoC architectures were designed, like chiplets and Cloud-of-Chips (CoC). A key component of every SoC, is the on-chip interconnect technology, which is responsible for the communication between Processing Elements (PEs) of a system. Network-on-Chip (NoC) is the current widely used interconnect technology, which is a layered, scalable approach. However, the last years the high structural complexity together with the functional diversity and the challenges (QoS, high latency, security) of NoC motivated the researchers to explore alternatives of it. One NoC alternative that recently gained attention is the Software Defined Network-on-Chip (SDNoC). SDNoC originated from Software Defined Network (SDN) technology, which supports the dynamic nature of future networks and applications, while lowering operating costs through simplified hardware and software. Nevertheless, SDN technology designed for large scale networks. Thus, in order to be ported to micro-scale networks proper alterations and new hardware architectures need to be considered.In this thesis, an exploration of how to embed the SDN technology within the micro scale networks in order to provide secure and manageable communication, improve the network performance and reduce the hardware complexity is presented. Precisely, the design and implementation of an SDNoC architecture is thoroughly described followed by the creation and evaluation of a novel SDNoC communication protocol, called MicroLET, in order to provide secure and efficient communication within system components. Furthermore, the security aspect of SDNoC constitutes a big gap in the literature. Hence, it has been addressed by proposing a secure SDNoC Group Key Agreement (GKA) communication protocol, called SSPSoC, followed by the exploration of Byzantine faults within SDNoC and the investigation of a novel Hardware Trojan (HT) attack together with a proposed detection and defend method. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Unprecedented traffic growth is expected in future wireless networks and new technologies will be needed to satisfy demand. Optical wireless (OW) communication offers vast unused spectrum and high area spectral efficiency. In this work, optical cells are envisioned as supplementary access points within heterogeneous RF/OW networks. These networks opportunistically offload traffic to optical cells while utilizing the RF cell for highly mobile devices and devices that lack a reliable OW connection. Visible light communication (VLC) is considered as a potential OW technology due to the increasing adoption of solid state lighting for indoor illumination. Results of this work focus on a full system view of RF/OW HetNets with three primary areas of analysis. First, the need for network densication beyond current RF small cell implementations is evaluated. A media independent model is developed and results are presented that provide motivation for the adoption of hyper dense small cells as complementary components within multi-tier networks. Next, the relationships between RF and OW constraints and link characterization parameters are evaluated in order to define methods for fair comparison when user-centric channel selection criteria are used. RF and OW noise and interference characterization techniques are compared and common OW characterization models are demonstrated to show errors in excess of 100x when dominant interferers are present. Finally, dynamic characteristics of hyper dense OW networks are investigated in order to optimize traffic distribution from a network-centric perspective. A Kalman Filter model is presented to predict device motion for improved channel selection and a novel OW range expansion technique is presented that dynamically alters coverage regions of OW cells by 50%. In addition to analytical results, the dissertation describes two tools that have been created for evaluation of RF/OW HetNets. A communication and lighting simulation toolkit has been developed for modeling and evaluation of environments with VLC-enabled luminaires. The toolkit enhances an iterative site based impulse response simulator model to utilize GPU acceleration and achieves 10x speedup over the previous model. A software defined testbed for OW has also been proposed and applied. The testbed implements a VLC link and a heterogeneous RF/VLC connection that demonstrates the RF/OW HetNet concept as proof of concept.

Software-defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging trend in communication networks that facilitates decoupling the control and data plane of multilayer switches. A logically centralized controller hosted on a server configures the forwarding tables (flow tables) of switches in order to route the various data flows.  To implement SDN, OpenFlow technology has been adopted by packet switching vendors as it provides increased flexibility for the control and management of a packet switched domain. OpenFlow technology provides flow based switching that is controlled by a network management control application running in an OpenFlow controller. In this thesis work we investigate how an OpenFlow Controller communicates with a legacy network via the OSPF routing protocol, how the size of the OpenFlow network effects the resources (memory and CPU) of a legacy router to whom the controller communicates. Also we examine bandwidth utilization of the link (between the OpenFlow network and legacy router). The main goal of this thesis is to find methods to reduce the consumption of resources of a legacy router. This study shows that the size of OpenFlow network directly affects the usage of the link’s bandwidth, and the memory and CPU usage of a legacy router. Aggregated information from the OpenFlow controller which is sent towards the legacy router can reduce the utilization of these resources. Finally we proposed several algorithms and design models that can be implemented for route aggregation in Software-defined Networks.  Implementation of the solutions suggested in this thesis will allow automatic route aggregation in SDN. ISPs deploying SDN architecture could benefit from the proposed design models and route aggregation solution. / Software-definierade nätverk (SDN) är en framväxande trend i kommunikationsnät som underlättar frikoppling kontroll och uppgifter plan flerskiktade switchar. Ett logiskt centraliserad styrenhet på en server konfigurerar vidarebefordran tabeller (flödestabeller) av växlar för att dirigera de olika dataflöden. För att genomföra SDN har OpenFlow teknik har antagits av paketförmedlande leverantörer eftersom det ger ökad flexibilitet för kontroll och förvaltning av en påslagen paket domän. OpenFlow teknik ger flöde baserad omkoppling som styrs av ett nätverk ledningens kontroll som körs i en OpenFlow controller. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi hur en OpenFlow Controller kommunicerar med ett äldre nätverk via OSPF routing protokoll, hur storleken på OpenFlow nätverkseffekter de resurser (minne och CPU) av en äldre router till vilken styrenheten kommunicerar.  Också vi undersöker bandbreddsutnyttjandet av sambandet (mellan OpenFlow nätverket och äldre router). Det huvudsakliga målet med detta examensarbete är att hitta metoder för att minska konsumtionen av resurser från en äldre router. Denna studie visar att storleken på OpenFlow nätverk direkt påverkar användningen av länkens bandbredd och minne och CPU-användning av en äldre router. Samlad information från OpenFlow styrenhet som sändes mot äldre router kan minska utnyttjandet av dessa resurser. Slutligen föreslog vi flera algoritmer och modeller konstruktion som kan genomföras för route aggregation i Software Defined-nätverk. Genomförandet av de lösningar som föreslås i denna avhandling kommer att möjliggöra automatisk route aggregation i SDN. Internetleverantörer distribuerar SDN arkitektur kunde dra nytta av den föreslagna utformningen modeller och route aggregation lösning.

Inspection methods for satellites post-launch are currently expensive and/or dangerous. To address this, BYU, in conjunction with NASA, is designing a series of small satellites called CubeSATs. These small satellites are designed to be launched from a satellite and to visually inspect the launching body. The current satellite revision passively tumbles through space and is appropriately named the passive inspection cube satellite (PICS). The next revision actively maintains translation and rotation relative to the launching satellite and is named the translation, rotation inspection cube satellite (TRICS). One of the necessary sensors aboard this next revision is the means to detect distance. This work explores the feasibility of using a software defined radio as a small, low-cost front end for a ranging radar to fulfill this need. For this work, the LimeSDR-Mini is selected due to its low-cost, small form factor, full duplex operation, and open-source hardware/software. Additionally, due to the the channel characteristics of space, the linear frequency modulated continuous-wave (LFMCW) radar is selected as the radar architecture due to its ranging capabilities and simplicity. The LFMCW radar theory and simulation are presented. Two programming methods for the LimeSDR-Mini are considered: GNU Radio Companion and the pyLMS7002Soapy API. GNU Radio Companion is used for initial exploration of the LimeSDR-Mini and confirms its data streaming (RX and TX) and full duplex capabilities. The pyLMS7002Soapy API demonstrates further refined control over the LimeSDR-Mini while providing platform independence and deployability. This work concludes that the LimeSDR-Mini is capable of acting as the front end for a ranging radar aboard a small satellite provided the pyLMS7002Soapy API is used for configuration and control. GNU Radio Companion is not recommended as a programming platform for the LimeSDR-Mini and the pyLMS7002Soapy API requires further research to fine tune the SDR's performance.

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The notion of the networked society is more than ever true nowadays. The Internet has a big impact on our daily lives. Network operators provide the underlying infrastructure and continuously deploy services in order to meet customer demands. The amount of data transported through operator networks is also increasing with the introduction of new high band width services and over the network content. That being said, operators, most often deploy or operate networks to meet these demands without any regard to energy-efficiency. As the price of electricity continues to grow,  tends to become a problem with serious implications. To solve this problem a trend towards more energy efficient networks has emerged. In this thesis, we investigate a way to facilitate the introduction of new energy efficiency paradigms for fixed networks. Towards this end, we investigate the energy efficiency schemes proposed up to now and select one that we believe is more realistic to deploy. Furthermore, we specify the inputs required for the selected “green” routing approach. Moreover, we study existing and new protocols that can provide basic network monitoring functionality that enables the acquirement of these inputs. In the end, a Software Defined Networking (SDN) approach is proposed to facilitate the development of energy-efficient aware networks. The details of a basic SDN monitoring application are presented from an abstract architectural point of view and three designs stemming from this basic architecture are discussed. The three designs are namely All_Flow, First_Switch and Port_FlowRemoved. The first two were implemented as steps towards understanding the full capabilities of performing monitoring in SDN enabled networks and provided useful input towards realizing the third one as a proof of concept. Their usage and faults are discussed as they can provide useful insight for possible future implementations. The Port_FlowRemoved is the design and implementation that is suggested as providing the most fitting results for the monitoring purpose at hand. This purpose is to retrieve the identified inputs for the selected “green” networking approach. The differentiation factor among the three designs is how they collect the required inputs from the network. A fast-prototype is created as a proof of concept in order to validate the proposed architecture and thus empower the validity of the idea.

Several heterogeneous, intelligent and distributed devices can be connected to interact with one another over the internet in what is known as the internet of things (IoT). Also, the concept of IoT can be exploited in the industrial environment for increasing the production output of goods and services and for mitigating the risk of disaster occurrences. This application of IoT for enhancing industrial production is known as industrial IoT (IIoT). More so, the benefits of IoT technology can be particularly exploited across the maritime industry in what is termed the internet of maritime things (IoMT) where sensors and actuator devices are implanted on marine equipment in order to foster the communication efficacy of nautical radio networks. Marine explorations may suffer from unwanted situations such as transactional delays, environmental degradation, insecurity, seaport congestions, accidents and collisions etc, which could arise from severe environmental conditions. As a result, there is a need to develop proper communication techniques that will improve the overall quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) of marine users. To address these, the merits of contemporaneous technologies such as ubiquitous computing, software-defined networking (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV) in addition to salubrious communication techniques including emergent configurations (EC), channel estimation (CE) and communication routing protocols etc, can be utilized for sustaining optimal operation of pelagic networks. Emergent configuration (EC) is a technology that can be adapted into maritime radio networks to support the operation and collaboration of IoT connected devices in order to improve the efficiency of the connected IoT systems for maximum user satisfaction. To meet user goals, the connected devices are required to cooperate with one another in an adaptive, interoperable, and homogeneous manner. In this thesis, a survey on the concept of IoT is presented in addition to a review of IIoT systems. The applications of ubiquitous computing and SDN technology are employed to design a newfangled network architecture which is specifically propounded for enhancing the throughput of oil and gas production in the maritime ecosystem. The components of this architecture work in collaboration with one another by attempting to manage and control the exploration process of deep ocean activities especially during emergencies involving anthropogenic oil and gas spillages. Several heterogeneous, intelligent and distributed devices can be connected to interact with one another over the internet in what is known as the internet of things (IoT). Also, the concept of IoT can be exploited in the industrial environment for increasing the production output of goods and services and for mitigating the risk of disaster occurrences. This application of IoT for enhancing industrial production is known as industrial IoT (IIoT). More so, the benefits of IoT technology can be particularly exploited across the maritime industry in what is termed the internet of maritime things (IoMT) where sensors and actuator devices are implanted on marine equipment in order to foster the communication efficacy of nautical radio networks. Marine explorations may suffer from unwanted situations such as transactional delays, environmental degradation, insecurity, seaport congestions, accidents and collisions etc, which could arise from severe environmental conditions. As a result, there is a need to develop proper communication techniques that will improve the overall quality of service (QoS) and quality of experience (QoE) of marine users. To address these, the merits of contemporaneous technologies such as ubiquitous computing, software-defined networking (SDN) and network functions virtualization (NFV) in addition to salubrious communication techniques including emergent configurations (EC), channel estimation (CE) and communication routing protocols etc, can be utilized for sustaining optimal operation of pelagic networks. Emergent configuration (EC) is a technology that can be adapted into maritime radio networks to support the operation and collaboration of IoT connected devices in order to improve the efficiency of the connected IoT systems for maximum user satisfaction. To meet user goals, the connected devices are required to cooperate with one another in an adaptive, interoperable, and homogeneous manner. In this thesis, a survey on the concept of IoT is presented in addition to a review of IIoT systems. The applications of ubiquitous computing and SDN technology are employed to design a newfangled network architecture which is specifically propounded for enhancing the throughput of oil and gas production in the maritime ecosystem. The components of this architecture work in collaboration with one another by attempting to manage and control the exploration process of deep ocean activities especially during emergencies involving anthropogenic oil and gas spillages. On the other hand, CE is a utilitarian communication technique that can be exploited during maritime exploration processes which offer additional reinforcement to the capacities of the nautical radio network. This technique enables the receivers of deep-sea networks to efficiently approximate the channel impulse response (CIR) of the wireless communication channel so that the effects of the communication channel on the transmitting aggregated cluster head information can be proficiently understood and predicted for useful decision-making procedures. Two CE schemes named inter-symbol interference/ average noise reduction (ISI/ANR) and reweighted error-reducing (RER) are designed in this study for estimating maritime channels for supporting the communication performances of nautical radio networks in both severe and light-fading environmental conditions. In the proposed RER method, the Manhattan distance of the CIR of an orthodox adaptive estimator is taken, which is subsequently normalised by a stability constant ɛ whose responsibility is for correcting any potential numerical system instability that may arise during the updating stages of the estimation process. To decrease the received signal error, a log-sum penalty function is eventually multiplied by an adjustable leakage (ɛ ) ̈that provides additional stability to the oscillating channel behaviour. The performance of the proposed RER method is further strengthened and made resilient against channel effects by the introduction of a reweighting attractor that further contracts the mean square error of this proposed estimator. In the ISI/ANR technique, the effects of possible ISI that may arise from maritime transmissions is considered and transformed using a low-pass filter that is incorporated for eliminating the effects of channel noise possible effects of multipath propagation. The RER scheme offered superior CE performances in comparison to other customary techniques such as the adaptive recursive least squares and normalised least mean square method in addition to conventional linear approaches such as least squares, linear minimum mean square error and maximum-likelihood estimation method. The proposed ISI/ANR technique offered an improved MSE performance in comparison to all considered linear methods. Finally, from this study, we were able to establish that accurate CE methods can improve the QoS and QoE of nautical radio networks in terms of network data rate and system outage probability. / Thesis (PhD (Computer Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2021. / University of Pretoria Doctoral research grant, South African National Research Foundation/Research and Innovation Support and Advancement (NRF/RISA) research grant. Center for Connected Intelligence, Advanced Sensor Networks research group, University of Pretoria. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / PhD (Computer Engineering) / Unrestricted