Over 13 million people live in Guatemala, and among this population more than 50% live below the poverty line. One proposed solution to mitigate the large percentage of poverty in the country is micro-entrepreneurship. A compost micro-enterprise is a small business, which collects organic raw material and processes it into stable humus material for the purpose of applying to soils to increase crop yields. Developing such micro-enterprises could not only indirectly improve current soil nutrient deficiencies specific to the region, but also provide alternative incomes for the already agriculturally involved community. The success or failure of enterprises practicing composting may be measured by a plethora of figures or outcomes. Employee characteristics are one variable that should be taken into consideration when estimating the efficiency of an agricultural enterprise's operations and productivity. While a variable, such as an employee characteristic, may not be able to be quantified exactly it should be argued that this variable can have a structural impact on productivity. Another crucial variable considered when developing such a micro-enterprise is accounting for its input and output. It is explained the issue of costs within micro-enterprises is complex and should be considered not only in terms of fees but also in terms of payments in any kind, such as entry and exit presence, and the duration of the apprenticeship. When an enterprise has failed to account for its various inputs and consequent output, it has become unsustainable because it has not satisfied basic economic, social and security needs presently and for its future. This study identified and described employee characteristics and documented the inputs and outputs of compost micro-enterprises in Chimaltenango, Guatemala. The study found that employee characteristics, particularly gender, age, and occupation affected a micro-enterprise's access to markets as well as row materials, and how efficiently tasks were completed. Costs of labor, raw material, transport, packaging, energy and the location the micro-enterprise itself heavily influenced profitability. The production of any product on a large scale must anticipate how positive financial outcomes will occur because profitability may not arrive as planned. If the revenue cannot be determined and/or made, compost micro-enterprise may fail to be a sustainable, much less a viable option for alternative income streams.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:32:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_5382_Dissertação de Mestrado (Polliana Alexandre Soares).pdf: 5558925 bytes, checksum: f527e57bc2fba9b5e555b52004855328 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-27 / Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o intuito de determinar a tenacidade à fratura em estruturas contendo trincas em suas juntas soldadas. O material ensaiado foi o aço API X65 que é usado em tubos na indústria de produção de petróleo e gás, por exemplo. O tubo tem diâmetro de 20 polegadas com espessura de 6,8 mm. Foram estudadas duas condições diferentes: materiais metal base e metal soldado e, para cada condição, foram ensaiados nove e oito corpos de prova, respectivamente. O processo de soldagem utilizado foi a soldagem por resistência elétrica (Electric Resistence Welding - ERW). Os corpos de prova foram confeccionados segundo a norma ASTM E 1820 01 e o critério da mecânica da fratura empregado foi o da Curva de Resistência (Curva R), que fornece o tamanho e a abertura máxima da trinca sem que ocorra a ruptura do material. A tenacidade à fratura foi verificada e o metal base e metal soldado apresentaram os mesmos valores desta propriedade. Através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), pode-se notar que a fratura é dúctil e apresenta microcavidades (dimples) e inclusões. Na microscopia óptica, vê-se que o aço API X65 no metal base possui uma estrutura perlítica-ferrítica com grãos refinados e no metal soldado aumenta-se o tamanho dos grãos.

Traditional Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) focuses on the setting where the target theory is a generalisation of the observations. This is known as Observational Predicate Learning (OPL). In the Theory Completion setting the target theory is not in the same predicate as the observations (non-OPL). This thesis investigates two alternative simple extensions to traditional ILP to perform non-OPL or Theory Completion. Both techniques perform extraction-case abduction from an existing background theory and one seed observation. The first technique -- Logical Back-propagation -- modifies the existing background theory so that abductions can be achieved by a form of constructive negation using a standard SLD-resolution theorem prover. The second technique -- SOLD-resolution -- modifies the theorem prover, and leaves the existing background theory unchanged. It is shown that all abductions produced by Logical Back-propagation can also be generated by SOLD-resolution; but the reverse does not hold. The implementation using the SOLD-resolution technique -- the ALECTO system -- was applied to the problems of completing context free and context dependant grammars; and learning Event Calculus programs. It was successfully able to learn an Event Calculus program to control the navigation of a real-life robot. The Event Calculus is a formalism to represent common-sense knowledge. It follows that the discovery of some common-sense knowledge was produced with the assistance of a machine.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-02-22T11:43:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisa Gremen Mimary Leone.pdf: 1258918 bytes, checksum: 42952cd82be41b67b7792f0d0ac6454e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T11:43:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisa Gremen Mimary Leone.pdf: 1258918 bytes, checksum: 42952cd82be41b67b7792f0d0ac6454e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-13 / The purpose of this work is to study in what circumstances and for what reasons the unauthorized full reproduction of a work which copies are sold out could be legitimately excusable. The justification for this study is the need to find a legal solution to the y y “ k” . w y hy h z that the culture access right, as it is a fundamental right and is provided in the Federal Constitution, could be used as an argument for the relativization of the prohibition. Throughout the paper, a doctrinal survey was made regarding the subject, including foreign doctrine, as a way of verifying the assertiveness of the hypothesis. After the doctrinal research and analysis of the subject, it was concluded that, not only would justification for unauthorized reproduction be based on the culture access right but also that there is a public interest involved in the satisfaction of this right, as well as some legal instruments that can be used in real cases where this relativization is necessary / Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar em quais circunstâncias e por quais motivos poderia ser legitimamente escusável a reprodução integral não autorizada de uma obra cujos exemplares estejam esgotados. A justificativa que se faz para esse estudo é a necessidade de buscar uma solução jurídica para a impossibilidade de obtenção de um exemplar quando existe uma situação de esgotamento. Foi levantada inicialmente a hipótese de que o direito de acesso à cultura, por ser um direito fundamental de todos e estar previsto na Constituição Federal, poderia ser utilizado como argumento para a relativização da proibição. Ao longo do trabalho foi feito um levantamento doutrinário a respeito do tema, incluindo doutrina estrangeira, como forma de verificar a assertividade da hipótese. Após a pesquisa doutrinária e análise do tema, chegou-se a conclusão de que não só seria possível a justificação da reprodução não autorizada com base no direito de acesso à cultura como também que existe um interesse público envolvido na satisfação desse direito, além de alguns instrumentos jurídicos que poderão ser utilizados nos casos reais em que se faça necessária essa relativização

In its first chapter, the thesis deals with the analysis of the changes in the Czech daily and regional newspapers and magazines' owners. The second and the third chapter analyse both verbally and graphically changes in sold number of copies and reading of these periodicals in the years 1989 - 2008. Conclusions of the analyses are presented separately for selected segments of periodicals: daily newspapers, regional newspapers, women's magazines, social magazines, exclusive magazines, magazines about computers and IT, news-journalistic magazines and economic weeklies. The last chapter justifies the reached output of the analyses.

Travel periodicals are one of the means, how can readers - potential tourists to learn about a specific destination, or be motivated to visit presented country. This diploma thesis describes the development and transformation of the tourism magazines that are published in the Czech Republic after 1989. The attention is focused on the title COT business (for professionals) and National Geographic (for the public). Although targeted at different audiences, both periodicals bring news and coverage from destinations, interviews with travelers, practical travel advices and thus contribute for the increase or decline of demand for various places. Selected magazines gradually gained a strong position on the Czech media market and can be thus described as prototypes in their segment. Especially in recent years in comparison with the competition selected periodicals have declined in sold costs, advertising revenues and readership. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the market overall with selected travel periodicals and also identify opportunities that should selected titles (publishers) include into marketing planning, if they want to stay "leaders" on the media market. The thesis also presents a case study that is comparing the framing methods of selected destinations in order to determine, to what...

This master thesis deals with information systems used by tourism. Its aim was to map the accommodation reservation systems, describe their characteristics from the prospective of both accomodation providers and their clients and describe the associated business processes. Existing reservation systems on the accommodation market were evaluated according to preselected criteria. A perfect the reservation system was proposed based on the investigation of the characteristics and criteria compliance.

在國外, 消費者信心指數常被用來預測經濟情勢 (如股價、油價、消費支出等) , 縱然有部份學者對此抱持著懷疑的看法。在台灣, 則因缺乏┌消費者信心指數┘的資料, 以往一直無人從事這方面的相關研究。房地產業是火車頭工業, 也是民生工業; 其榮枯不但影響國家之經濟發展, 亦影響到每一個人居住的能力。因此, 房地產業的景氣波動, 是與大家休戚相關的。透過工商時報所編製的┌消費者信心指數┘資料, 與房地產預售屋公開價的變動情況, 我們發現：在大台北區, 兩者之間呈顯著正相關, 而且前者領先後者九個月。 / The forecast of Consumer Confidence Index (CCI) to Economy is usally used in many nations for years, even someone suspects the effect of it. For lack of CCI, there is seldom such study in Taiwan. Estate industry is an important one, due to its influences on national economic development and the capacity for purchasing dwelling house of everyone, therefore, people pay much attention to it in Taiwan. By collecting the data of CCI and open-price of pre-sold housing in Taipei Area, we can recognize that there is obviously positive relation between them. And the former is a leading in- dicator with 9 months Ahead.

My dissertation, "Renovating the Closet : Nineteenth-Century Closet Drama Written by Women as a Stage for Social Critique," contributes to a new understanding about nineteenth-century closet drama through three distinct and innovative texts: George Eliot's The Spanish Gypsy (1868), Michael Field's Stephania (1892), and Augusta Webster's A Woman Sold (1867). I contend that these three women writers employed the closet drama, a genre written in dramatic form but intended to be privately read or performed, to critique the social, cultural, and ideological limitations placed upon women of their time. In their symbolic use of the genre and innovative experiments with form, Eliot, Field, and Webster created a new stage on which their female protagonists challenge belief systems, institutions, and conventions that confine their gender roles, sexual identity, and social power. My chapter, "'Angel of the Homeless Tribe' : The Legacy of The Spanish Gypsy," shows how George Eliot melds the conventions of epic narrative with those of Victorian closet drama and reveals a dynamic connection between the character development and genre. Eliot's canonical novels are famous for their indictment of the limited roles Victorian culture offered to women. Equally famous are the tragic destinies of her rebellious heroines: they end up dead, unfulfilled, or virtually imprisoned. But scholars have failed to notice that in her experiment with The Spanish Gypsy, Eliot created a female epic: Fedalma, a woman of fifteenth-century Spain, becomes the leader of her "Gypsy" nation, sung into the future by an admiring bard. Eliot's formal experiment makes The Spanish Gypsy an important text for understanding how genre shaped gender representation in Eliot's canon, and in Victorian literature generally. My chapter, "'Something of His Manhood Falls' : Stephania as Critique of Victorian Male Aesthetics and Masculinity," offers Stephania as Katharine Bradley and Edith Cooper's commentary on the predominantly-male Aesthetic and Decadent movements of the 1890s. Through the pseudonym Michael Field, Bradley and Cooper wrote their way into, and claimed their own space inside, a very exclusive males-only closet. The chapter demonstrates how Stephania, set in Rome 1002 A.D., reclaims agency for a Victorian artistic "sisterhood" adulterated and exiled by a "brotherhood" of male Decadents (who saw woman as a nemesis to social order, personal salvation, and creative production), both through its form, and its cast of three: Stephania, Emperor Otho, and his old tutor Gerbert. Stephania, a former Empress turned courtesan bent on revenge for her husband's murder, challenges homosocial exclusivity and ultimately triumphs as a symbolic queen and emperor. Successful in her plan to bring down Otho through her seduction and manipulation of both men, Stephania is redeemed and saved; she has restored social order. In its resistance of the boundaries and expectations of the closet drama genre, Stephania projects a new ideology for Victorian womanhood and female authorship. My last chapter, "'I Could Be Tempted' : The Ev(e)olution of the Angel in the House in A Woman Sold," presents A Woman Sold as an early example of Augusta Webster's strategic social rhetoric, as her use of the closet drama acts as a structural metaphor for the sociomythological confinement of the nineteenth-century middle class woman. I investigate how A Woman Sold exposes the notion that marriage for nineteenth-century middle class women symbolized a closet of social and cultural paralysis, as grown from a history of socially and culturally institutionalized gender expectations. At the same time, I demonstrate how Webster employs irony through a nexus of genre, narrative, and form to support and advocate for opportunities outside marriage that encourage female agency to develop. Essentially, the fundamental argument in this dissertation hinges on the ways in which Eliot, Field, and Webster revised the conventional closet drama to renovate and, in turn, reveal the metaphorical and literal closets that confined social and cultural possibilities for nineteenth-century women. / text

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The shortage of studies about Sergipe childhood s education at eight hundred period instigated the elaboration of that dissertation that has as object sold practices at Estância city between 1865 and 1895. Upon excuse that be exercising a good action educating and teaching an occupation to orphan, removing him from loafer and criminal life, take minors in sold represents an accomplishable and cheapper alternative to that people that not desire or don t have conditions to endow legally in the hands as means of slave s labor that presents more expensive after Eusébio de Queirós Law even the last days of slavery system s life or emigrant s labor. Purposing to understand how aspected this theme, we used as wellsprings of information judicious process about tutorage from Estância about 19th century and interpreted them through Norbert Elias civilization , configuration , individuality , habitus , psychogenesis and sociogenesis concepts; like others scientific studies from theorics that following Cultural History line which we adopted. / A escassez de estudos sobre a educação da infância oitocentista em Sergipe instigou a elaboração dessa dissertação que tem como objeto as práticas de assoldadamento na cidade de Estância, no período de 1865 a 1895. Sobre o pretexto de estar praticando uma boa ação ao educar e ensinar um ofício ao órfão, tirando-o da vida de vagabundagem e delinqüência, tomar menores a soldo representou, pois, uma alternativa viável e mais barata para aqueles que não desejavam ou não tinham condições de investir em mão-de-obra escrava que se apresentou mais cara após a Lei Eusébio de Queirós até os últimos dias de vida do sistema servil ou emigrante. Objetivando compreender como se configurou o tema em questão, interpretamos as fontes, ou seja, os processos judiciais sobre tutela daquele município, datados do século XIX, à luz dos conceitos de civilização , configuração , individualidade , habitus , psicogênese e sociogênese de Norbert Elias; bem como de estudos de outros cientistas adeptos da linha da História Cultural, aqui adotada.