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These diploma thesis is focused on the research of particular camping systems of sections for CNC machining centres. It's focused on the proposal of an improvement of elected CNC machine. The first part consists of a drawing documentation and making of functional prototype of a clamping system. The second part contents theoretical proposal of a new clamping system and consequently the making of a computer model.

This thesis deals with the determination of the position of the solenoid core in real time based on the measured current. The reference position of the current is used for feedback control of the solenoid. For this issue, software tool Matlab/Simulink was used. For current and temperature measurements, PCB circuits were created. The whole project was carried out on the dSPACE platform.

An analog current servo of an intensive care ventilator is being developed at Getinge in Stockholm. The current servo is used to control the output gas flow of an inspiration valve to a patient’s lungs. The ventilator’s control system is in a cascade design of two closed-loops, of which the current servo is the controller for the inner loop. The inner loop control system consists of three parts; a PI-controller, a Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) signal generator, and an actuator of a solenoid. The project aims to investigate if a digital version of the current controller is feasible with comparable performance as the present analog controller. The project involves studying linear mathematical models, nonlinear simulation models, and physic prototypes. The solenoid model is first modelled as an RL-circuit, secondly modified by adding the term Electro-Motive-Force (EMF), and finally verified by physical measurement data. Different control techniques are tested with the simulation model, such as feedforward control. A digital controller is then implemented in a processor of a Nucleo board and connected to the inspiration valve hardware with a resulting sampling rate of 8 kHz. The selected hardware components for the implementation are described in detail, and a step-by-step explanation of the software implementation is included in Appendix B. Finally, the model-tested control techniques have been implemented in a physical prototype and discussed. The developed digital current controller is feasible to achieve similar control performance as the present analog design. However, for configuring the digital current controller into a future digital ventilator’s Central Processing Unit (CPU), the sampling rate will need to be adopted to the limited recourses of the CPU executing both the current controller and all other functions of the inspiration valve. The code of the digital current controller will also need to be optimized in future work to compensate for the shared data capacity. / Ett analogt strömservo tillhörande en intensivvårds respirator har undersökts och digitaliserats på företaget Getinge i Stockholm. Strömservot används för att styra en inspirationsventils gasflöde till patientens lungor. Styrsystemet är av två stängda loopar i en kaskadreglering där strömservot är den inre regulatorn. Den inre loopen har tre huvuddelar; en PI-regulator, en Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) generator och ställdon som en dragmagnet. Syftet med projektet är att undersöka huruvida en digital strömregulator är implementerbar och om dess karaktär kan motsvara dagens analoga variant. Projektet använder sig av linjära matematiska modeller, ickelinjära simulerings modeller i Simulink samt fysiska prototyper. Metoden är att först testa enkla modeller, som för dragmagneten en RL-krets. Vid behov utvecklas modellen som för RL-kretsen där dess Electro-Motive Force (EMF) har inkluderats. Sedan verifieras den slutgiltiga modellen genom jämförelse med mätningar. En digital styrning har utvecklats och testats med olika styrtekniker så som framkopplingsteknik. Slutligen är en digital regulator implementerad i ett Nucleo-korts processor med en resulterad samplingstid på 8 kHz. Komponentval för hårdvaruimplementering är beskrivna och en stegförsteg lista av mjukvaruimplementeringen finns i Appendix B. De modelltestade styrteknikerna har blivit implementerade i en fysisk prototyp och diskuterade. Sammanfattningsvis är en digital version av strömregulatorn med dess samplingstid implementerbar och har snarlik prestanda som den analoga versionen. För framtida konfigurering i en digital gasmodul ska samplingstiden adopteras till den akutella datakapaciteten. Den resulterande C-koden för den digitala strömregulatorn går att optimera i många avseenden.

This thesis presents the design qualification and construction of the Beam Scintillator Counter (BSC) for the CMS Collaboration at CERN in 2007 - 2008. The BSC detector is designed to aid in the commissioning of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) during the first 2 years of operation and provide technical triggering for beam halo and minimum-bias events. Using plastic scintillator tiles mounted at both ends of CMS, it will detect minimum ionizing particles through the low-to-mid luminosity phases of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) commissioning. During these early phases, the BSC will provide probably the most interesting and widely used data of any of the CMS sub-detectors and will be employed in the track based alignment procedure of the central tracker and commissioning of the Forward Hadron Calorimeter.

We extend Sharkovskii's theorem concerning orbit lengths of endomorphisms of the real line to endomorphisms of a path component of the solenoid and certain subspaces of the Warsawanoid. In particular, Sharkovskii showed that if there exists an orbit of length 3 then there exist orbits of all lengths. The solenoid is the inverse limit of double covers over the circle, and the Warsawanoid is the inverse limit of double covers over the Warsaw circle. We show Sharkovskii's result is true for path components of the solenoid and certain subspaces of the Warsawanoid.

<p>To control the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and the exhaust brake, the position of a butterfly valve connected to a piston inside a pneumatic cylinder is controlled by altering the pressure inside the cylinder. This thesis evaluates the possibility to do this with pulse width modulation (PWM) controlled On/Off valves. The whole electro-pneumatic actuator system is built out of two On/Off valves and a cylinder.</p><p>A mathematical model of the system is constructed. The complete system model on state space form consists of nine states and is nonlinear. The model captures the dynamics of the system. The statics of the system is not captured as accurately. The model is still good enough to be used as aid when developing control strategies, since position feedback is available.</p><p>Automatic control strategies for the system are first developed and tested in simulation. The first approach is PID control. Because of the nonlinear properties of the system the results from a PID with a constant proportional part is unsatisfactory. To cope with the nonlinearities, a fuzzy controller is constructed; the results prove somewhat better, but not as good as expected due to implementation difficulties.</p><p>In a test bench the system is controlled by a P controller with feedforward from position. The feedforward strongly reduces the nonlinear behavior of the system. With this implementation the results that were hoped for with the fuzzy controller are reached.</p>

This thesis presents the design qualification and construction of the Beam Scintillator Counter (BSC) for the CMS Collaboration at CERN in 2007 - 2008. The BSC detector is designed to aid in the commissioning of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) during the first 2 years of operation and provide technical triggering for beam halo and minimum-bias events. Using plastic scintillator tiles mounted at both ends of CMS, it will detect minimum ionizing particles through the low-to-mid luminosity phases of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) commissioning. During these early phases, the BSC will provide probably the most interesting and widely used data of any of the CMS sub-detectors and will be employed in the track based alignment procedure of the central tracker and commissioning of the Forward Hadron Calorimeter.

To control the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and the exhaust brake, the position of a butterfly valve connected to a piston inside a pneumatic cylinder is controlled by altering the pressure inside the cylinder. This thesis evaluates the possibility to do this with pulse width modulation (PWM) controlled On/Off valves. The whole electro-pneumatic actuator system is built out of two On/Off valves and a cylinder. A mathematical model of the system is constructed. The complete system model on state space form consists of nine states and is nonlinear. The model captures the dynamics of the system. The statics of the system is not captured as accurately. The model is still good enough to be used as aid when developing control strategies, since position feedback is available. Automatic control strategies for the system are first developed and tested in simulation. The first approach is PID control. Because of the nonlinear properties of the system the results from a PID with a constant proportional part is unsatisfactory. To cope with the nonlinearities, a fuzzy controller is constructed; the results prove somewhat better, but not as good as expected due to implementation difficulties. In a test bench the system is controlled by a P controller with feedforward from position. The feedforward strongly reduces the nonlinear behavior of the system. With this implementation the results that were hoped for with the fuzzy controller are reached.

This thesis deals with position control of movable solenoid core without using a distance sensor. There are several methods of sensorless position estimation presented in theoretical part. The method based on measurement of ripple current is chosen for experiments. Firstly, it is verified by simulations with mathematical model of solenoid. After that, the experiment is created. The goal is position control based on sensorless method.