Cabaret is one of America's most unusual forms of art and entertainment as it juxtaposes and creatively interconnects comedy, song, dance, theatre, speech, and performance art, much like that of its bigger sister, American musical theatre. Many elements of the American musical are shared by cabaret, however, cabaret is unique since it generally occurs in more intimate (and sometimes more unusual) performance venues, such as restaurants, nightclubs, lobbies, halls, small theatres and private homes. With close proximity to the performer(s), cabaret audiences are often seated at tables where they eat and/or drink while an interlocutor (an interactive Emcee, M.C. or Master of Ceremonies) guides them through the performance. Along with the creative and engaging interaction of an interlocutor, the intimate venue of a cabaret performance creates a forum that allows and encourages the performers' energy to combine with the audience's as the "theatrical fourth wall" is constantly broken through. The synergistic energy generated by audience and performers creates an entirely new and unique performance phenomena, which is one of the most exciting, appealing and exceptionally unique qualities of cabaret. Since a small body of scholarship exists on American cabaret as a unique genre, this study provides a thorough analysis and detailed dissection of cabaret both historically and musically. Discussed first is cabaret's origins, life and development by way of a historical narrative gleaned from existing resources on cabaret. Also tied into this narrative is information on other types of performance and music closely related to cabaret, such as Victorian music halls, concert saloons, dance halls, speakeasies, nightclubs and supper clubs, burlesque, vaudeville, and Tin Pan Alley. Next, this essay identifies and explores the "physical" elements that compose cabaret such as the framework of songs, the connective fabric of interlocking dialogue, songs, and musical numbers, the final look of the performance and the overall sound-blend of the performance. The essay progresses into a more detailed exploration of cabaret by identifying and discussing its "visceral" elements such as basic human nature and intimate contact via the human voice. Likewise, musical examples are presented that illustrate musical elements such as the "composer's hook," elicitation of body movement, patter songs and types of accompaniments supportive of the melody. Finally, musical patterns are presented that are analogous to motion, conflict, resolution and circular arcs of context such as syncopated patterns, dotted rhythms, swinging eighth notes, tied-note figures over bar lines, "chromatic toggling" and repeated-against-syncopated patterns. Consequently, all these musical elements in cabaret literature prompt human beings into movement in all three areas of body, mind and spirit. This essay then identifies and delineates several possible types and combinations of cabaret shows, such as formal, improvisational, musical revue, vaudeville-style, stand-up comedy, karaoke, female/male impersonator (drag show), "streetmosphere," flash mob, piano bar/lounge, open-mic., concert-style, aleatory and a mixture of any and all types. Finally, the most important contribution to cabaret scholarship is this essay's comprehensive resource on how to create and develop a cabaret show with specific suggestions for themes, music, underscoring, and scripted dialogue. In addition, this essay presents an example of an entire original cabaret show in order to clarify the findings of this study, and encourage further research, creation and composition, practice and prolongation of the genre of American cabaret.

This paper is about my process of composing and performing music inspired by The Great American Songbook. Doing this via tools acquired by analyzing the works from composers like Irving Berlin, George Gershwin, Arthur Johnston and other composers from that era. I have analyzed and found common associations with form and harmony, the use of melodic content and often used clichés which I have incorporated in my own composing. It also deals with my progress to arrange and rehearse the music to present it in form of a concert at The Royal College of Music on the 6thof March 2020. I reflect about the process of composing and if I achieved the same level of freedom playing my compositions as I have playing jazz standards. I come to the conclusion that I feel as confident performing these tunes as I do music from The Great American Songbook. / <p>Medverkande på konserten: Björn Bäckström (tenorsaxofon), Erik Tengholm (trumpet), Lars Ullberg (trombon), Jonny Ek (piano), Uno Dvärby (kontrabas), Jakob Bylund (trummor). Till uppsatsen bifogas inspelningar och partitur på mina egna kompositioner som är kopplade till arbetet: It's Time, Diminished Results, You can't keep this up, Midnight mood, Oh sweet Olivia och Dortmund Express. Även bifogas inspelning på Don't Get Around Much Anymore, skriven av Duke Ellington, som framförts vid konserttillfället. </p>

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A tese Tempo e Artista. Chico Buarque, avaliador de nossa cotidianidade analisa, dentre as canções que fazem parte da obra musical do compositor Francisco Buarque de Hollanda, aquelas que abordam o cotidiano. O objetivo desta tese é demonstrar como essas canções, mais do que retratarem o cotidiano, também avaliam o dia a dia da sociedade brasileira criando ou destacando ideias e conceitos que são aceitos por uma grande parcela da população nacional entre as décadas de 60 até os anos 2000. Esta pesquisa também busca evidenciar como as letras das músicas compostas pelo artista se assemelham a crônicas, tanto pela estrutura do texto, como em virtude da escolha das temáticas e do compromisso com a realidade em que as mesmas surgem. O percurso deste trabalho iniciou-se com a contextualização da vida e obra do compositor, seguida por uma extensa investigação e captura nos principais veículos de comunicação da época, o que permitiu constatar como a credibilidade do artista foi sendo construída e fortalecida, a ponto do compositor ser considerado praticamente uma unanimidade, tanto entre as camadas mais instruídas da população como também pelos segmentos mais populares, que admiravam o samba buarqueano. Desta forma, autor de uma obra diferenciada, Chico Buarque obteve o endosso para ser o avaliador de nossa cotidianidade. A análise de um total de 24 canções representativas das cinco décadas possibilitou destacar como a poética buarqueana foi delineada e quais os temas que o compositor pinçava ao cotidiano. Finalmente, este estudo espera ter conseguido comprovar como a obra musical de Chico Buarque mostrou, avaliou e interferiu no cotidiano brasileiro. / The thesis Time and Artist: Chico Buarque, evaluator of our everydayness analyzes, among the songs that figure in the musical work of the composer Francisco Buarque de Hollanda, those that approach the everyday life. The objective of this thesis is to show how these songs, more than portraying the everyday life, also evaluate the day-by-day of the Brazilian society by either creating or highlighting ideas and concepts accepted by a large part of the national population from the 1960s to the 2000s. This research also intends to provide evidence of how the artist\'s lyrics resemble chronicles, both for text structure as well as for the selection of themes and engagement with the reality in which these songs arise. The process of this work started with the contextualization of the composer\'s life and work, followed by an extensive investigation and capture in the main communication vehicles at the time. Such process allowed verifying how the artist\'s credibility was built and strengthened up to a level of the author being considered an unanimity, both in the most educated segments of the population as well as among the most popular ones that admired the samba of Chico Buarque. In this sense, as the creator of a unique work, Chico Buarque was empowered to be the evaluator of our everydayness. The analysis of a total of 24 songs representing five decades made possible to emphasize how the poetics of Chico Buarque was designed and which themes he selected from ordinary life. Finally, this study expects to have confirmed how the musical work of Chico Buarque revealed, evaluated and interfered in the Brazilian everyday reality.

A poesia de João Rodriguez de Sá de Meneses e João Rodriguez de Lucena preservadas no Cancioneiro Geral de Garcia de Resende colocou em evidência a presença da cultura clássica tão constante no imaginário quinhentista português. Esses poetas fizeram traduções de algumas das famosas epístolas de heroínas míticas como Penélope, Enone, Laudâmia e Dido , aos seus amados ausentes. Esse conjunto de cartas é conhecido como Heroides, do poeta romano Ovídio, poeta elegíaco que foi responsável, entre outras coisas, por ter servido de modelo para muito do que se produziu depois na Idade Média e Renascimento. A Imitação e a Tradução eram mecanismos frequentes naquela época e foram usadas com maestria nas traduções desses poetas do Cancioneiro. O porquê da escolha de determinadas cartas e não de todas também é relevante, já que se tratava do momento das navegações e, portanto, necessitava-se acalmar o coração das damas que permaneceram em terras lusitanas à espera de seus amados ausentes. E ainda, propor a elas um modelo de comportamento. / The poetry of João Rodriguez de Sá de Meneses and João Rodriguez de Lucena preserved in Garcia de Resendes Cancioneiro Geral puts in evidence the presence of the classical culture so constant at the cinquecentist Portuguese imaginary. These poets translated some of the famous epistles of mythical heroines - like Penelope, Oenone, Dido and Laodomia -, to their loved missing ones. This set of epistles are known as Heroides, from Ovid, the elegiac Roman poet who was responsible, among other things, to have served as a model for much of what was produced after in the Middle Age and Renaissance. Imitation and Translation were recurrent mechanisms at that time and were employed with propriety at the translations of those poets of the Cancioneiro. The reason why those determinate epistles were chosen and not all of them is also relevant, because it was the moment of navigation so, therefore, was necessary pacify the hearts of the ladies that stayed in Portuguese lands waiting for their lovers. And still, propose a model of conduct to those ladies.

Orientador: Rogério Elpídio Chociay / Banca: José Fulaneti de Nadai / Banca: Romildo Antonio Sant'Anna / Resumo: João do Vale, um iletrado, de gente do povo, negro, de família numerosa, originário de Pedreiras, pequeno e pobre município do Maranhão, ainda adolescente e já inconformado com aquela situação de pobreza e injustiças que sentia na própria pele, depois de perambular pelo Nordeste, a partir de 1953, situou-se no Rio de Janeiro - um dos grandes "abrigos" dos emigrantes desse lugar. Compositor inato e intuitivo, João do Vale, determinado a se fazer ouvir e ser conhecido como tal, acabou conseguindo conquistar o interesse dos compositores e cantores da Música Popular Brasileira e o gosto do público desse gênero de música. Com a insurgência da ditadura militar em 1964, a essencialidade do caráter de denúncia de suas canções levou um grupo de intelectuais e artistas do Rio de Janeiro, que decidiu articular ações artístico-culturais de protesto e resistência ao autoritarismo instalado, a interessar-se pelas mesmas. Como decorrência desses procedimentos, surgiu o Show Opinião, do qual João do Vale foi um dos principais personagens ao lado de Zé Kéti, Nara Leão e depois Maria Bethânia. Neste show, que durou quase um ano (dezembro de 1964 a agosto de 1965), João do Vale, interpretando algumas de suas principais canções, com destaque para "Carcará", consagrou-se como um dos grandes compositores da nossa MPB. Detendo-nos num conjunto das suas mais significativas canções, percebemos um intricado vínculo entre as mesmas e o contexto social nordestino e brasileiro de um modo geral. Trata-se, na verdade, de uma profunda inter-relação entre o compositor, sua obra musical e seu meio sócio-cultural, sendo este o lugar por excelência da motivação criadora e da recepção. Desse modo, podemos constatar que o cancioneiro de João do Vale é obra musical que se fez uma autêntica voz de denúncia, de defesa e de resistência contra as injustiças sociais vividas pelo povo daquele lugar. / Abstract: João do Vale, an illiterate simple black man from a numerous family, originally from Pedreiras – a small and poor village in Maranhão (a Northeastern state in Brazil) – while still in adolescence but already outraged at the poverty situation and the injustice he faced, after wondering throughout the Northeast of Brazil, since 1953 has settled down in Rio de Janeiro – one of the greatest “shelters” for the emigrants from that place. As an innate and intuitive composer, João do Vale, determined to be heard and recognized as such, ended up by gaining the interest of the composers and singers of Brazilian Popular Music as well as the public who appreciates this genre of music. With the uprising of the military dictatorship in 1964, the essence of the social criticism nature in his songs led a group of intellectuals and artists from Rio de Janeiro - who decided to articulate artistic and cultural actions protesting against and resisting to the instituted authoritarianism - to become interested in them. "Show Opinião" arose out of this process and it lasted almost a year (from December, 1964 to August, 1965). João do Vale, who was one of its main characters, together with Zé Kéti, Nara Leão and later on Maria Bethânia, by performing a few of his main songs - highlighting "Carcará" became one of the best Brazilian popular music composers. Considering a set of his most significant songs, we notice an intricate link between them and the social environment of the Northeastern man and the Brazilian man in general. In fact, it is a question of a deep inter-relationship among the composer, its musical work and its socio-cultural environment, being the latter by excellence the origin of his creative motivation and receptivity. Therefore, we can ascertain that João do Vale’s songbook is a musical work which made itself an authentic voice of social criticism, of defense against and of resistance to the social injustice suffered by the people. / Doutor

A poesia de João Rodriguez de Sá de Meneses e João Rodriguez de Lucena preservadas no Cancioneiro Geral de Garcia de Resende colocou em evidência a presença da cultura clássica tão constante no imaginário quinhentista português. Esses poetas fizeram traduções de algumas das famosas epístolas de heroínas míticas como Penélope, Enone, Laudâmia e Dido , aos seus amados ausentes. Esse conjunto de cartas é conhecido como Heroides, do poeta romano Ovídio, poeta elegíaco que foi responsável, entre outras coisas, por ter servido de modelo para muito do que se produziu depois na Idade Média e Renascimento. A Imitação e a Tradução eram mecanismos frequentes naquela época e foram usadas com maestria nas traduções desses poetas do Cancioneiro. O porquê da escolha de determinadas cartas e não de todas também é relevante, já que se tratava do momento das navegações e, portanto, necessitava-se acalmar o coração das damas que permaneceram em terras lusitanas à espera de seus amados ausentes. E ainda, propor a elas um modelo de comportamento. / The poetry of João Rodriguez de Sá de Meneses and João Rodriguez de Lucena preserved in Garcia de Resendes Cancioneiro Geral puts in evidence the presence of the classical culture so constant at the cinquecentist Portuguese imaginary. These poets translated some of the famous epistles of mythical heroines - like Penelope, Oenone, Dido and Laodomia -, to their loved missing ones. This set of epistles are known as Heroides, from Ovid, the elegiac Roman poet who was responsible, among other things, to have served as a model for much of what was produced after in the Middle Age and Renaissance. Imitation and Translation were recurrent mechanisms at that time and were employed with propriety at the translations of those poets of the Cancioneiro. The reason why those determinate epistles were chosen and not all of them is also relevant, because it was the moment of navigation so, therefore, was necessary pacify the hearts of the ladies that stayed in Portuguese lands waiting for their lovers. And still, propose a model of conduct to those ladies.

A tese Tempo e Artista. Chico Buarque, avaliador de nossa cotidianidade analisa, dentre as canções que fazem parte da obra musical do compositor Francisco Buarque de Hollanda, aquelas que abordam o cotidiano. O objetivo desta tese é demonstrar como essas canções, mais do que retratarem o cotidiano, também avaliam o dia a dia da sociedade brasileira criando ou destacando ideias e conceitos que são aceitos por uma grande parcela da população nacional entre as décadas de 60 até os anos 2000. Esta pesquisa também busca evidenciar como as letras das músicas compostas pelo artista se assemelham a crônicas, tanto pela estrutura do texto, como em virtude da escolha das temáticas e do compromisso com a realidade em que as mesmas surgem. O percurso deste trabalho iniciou-se com a contextualização da vida e obra do compositor, seguida por uma extensa investigação e captura nos principais veículos de comunicação da época, o que permitiu constatar como a credibilidade do artista foi sendo construída e fortalecida, a ponto do compositor ser considerado praticamente uma unanimidade, tanto entre as camadas mais instruídas da população como também pelos segmentos mais populares, que admiravam o samba buarqueano. Desta forma, autor de uma obra diferenciada, Chico Buarque obteve o endosso para ser o avaliador de nossa cotidianidade. A análise de um total de 24 canções representativas das cinco décadas possibilitou destacar como a poética buarqueana foi delineada e quais os temas que o compositor pinçava ao cotidiano. Finalmente, este estudo espera ter conseguido comprovar como a obra musical de Chico Buarque mostrou, avaliou e interferiu no cotidiano brasileiro. / The thesis Time and Artist: Chico Buarque, evaluator of our everydayness analyzes, among the songs that figure in the musical work of the composer Francisco Buarque de Hollanda, those that approach the everyday life. The objective of this thesis is to show how these songs, more than portraying the everyday life, also evaluate the day-by-day of the Brazilian society by either creating or highlighting ideas and concepts accepted by a large part of the national population from the 1960s to the 2000s. This research also intends to provide evidence of how the artist\'s lyrics resemble chronicles, both for text structure as well as for the selection of themes and engagement with the reality in which these songs arise. The process of this work started with the contextualization of the composer\'s life and work, followed by an extensive investigation and capture in the main communication vehicles at the time. Such process allowed verifying how the artist\'s credibility was built and strengthened up to a level of the author being considered an unanimity, both in the most educated segments of the population as well as among the most popular ones that admired the samba of Chico Buarque. In this sense, as the creator of a unique work, Chico Buarque was empowered to be the evaluator of our everydayness. The analysis of a total of 24 songs representing five decades made possible to emphasize how the poetics of Chico Buarque was designed and which themes he selected from ordinary life. Finally, this study expects to have confirmed how the musical work of Chico Buarque revealed, evaluated and interfered in the Brazilian everyday reality.

This thesis Czech Religious Song in the Liturgy after the Second Vatican Council focuses on the repertoire of songs contained in hymnbooks "Kancionál" (Hymnal), "Mešní zpěvy" (Czech gradual), "Hymny" (Hymns) and "Hymny a básnické modlitby" (Hymns and poetic prayers). Includes theological principles of songs, history of Czech spiritual hymns, analysis of the editorial approaches for songbooks and analysis of the hymns in relation to the requirements of the liturgical renewal documents. The thesis focuses primarily on "Kancionál" (Hymnal), "mešní píseň" (mass song) and singing a song of thanksgiving after Communion. The thesis evaluates compositional approaches for lyrics and music of mass songs.

In a Romantic song cycle or songbook, songs tend to share many common ideas because they are used to set to the poems from one collection written or collected by one author. Many composers designed the same motivic or structural elements to a group of songs for unity, and sometimes they made chronological narratives for the series of poems. Music theorists have tried to find out a way of giving a sense of unity or narrative to the songs in a song cycle or songbook by analyzing its musical language and text setting. They have suggested plausible explanations for the relationships among the songs in a song cycle or songbook, and some theorists have traced the tonal movements and provided a visual explanation for them. Hugo Wolf's two volumes of the Italienisches Liederbuch (1890-91, 1896) were set to the forty-six poems from Paul Heyse's well-selected works. Wolf's way of selecting poems from Heyse's collection seems inconsistent, and his song ordering in the both volumes does not show evident rules. However, a closer study for relationships between the songs could widen our perspective to comprehend the whole songbook as a unified storyline. This study selected the first four songs from each volume of the Italienisches Liederbuch, and analyzed the eight songs in a traditional way, accounting for harmony, motivic feature, tonal movement, form, and text setting. The study finds that Wolf used the third relationships among the songs to convey a storyline in his order of the songs, and especially exploited the direction of thirds for his own narrative. While this may only be a pilot study with partial results, it can serve as a stimulus for a comprehensive study of factors that provide unity in the cycle as a whole.