A study of the Helminthoglyptidae of Sonora was undertaken to determine the extent of their distribution and speciation. As a result, nine new species of Sonorella are described, and new ranges of the known species are given. The status of the family is reviewed and its standing is supported with the analysis of morphological characteristics of several genera. The zoogeography of the family and its distribution are shown. Possible dispersal and isolation mechanisms are discussed in order to explain the present distribution of these snails, and comments on ecological and speciation accounts are offered.

This dissertation is an ethnography of resource control in the municipio of Cucurpe, Sonora, Mexico. The municipio itself covers 1,788 square kilometers of rugged, semi-arid terrain bisected by the San Miguel river and its tributaries. Less than one percent of the land is cultivated, the rest devoted to livestock raising, primarily cattle. Most Cucurpe households make their living as both ranchers and farmers. The control of land and water therefore becomes a vitally important political and economic issue. Twenty-one percent of the municipio is controlled by three peasant corporate communities--the comunidades of Cucurpe and San Javier, and the ejido 6 de Enero. The rest of the land belongs to private ranchers, many of whom are wealthy and reside outside the municipio. The dissertation focuses upon the history, structure and functions of the Cucurpe comunidad, the largest and most powerful of the three institutions, describing its role in past and present politics of resource control. Considerable economic inequality exists among Cucurpe households, not only among private ranchers and peasants, but among peasant households themselves. The range of economic inequality is ascertained, and conclusions about the relationships between inequality and the politics of resource control are drawn. It is argued that Cucurpe is composed of at least four different classes. These classes conflict and compete over two major issues: the control of grazing and arable land. Most households belonging to the corporate communities unite in opposition to private ranchers when their access to corporate rangeland is threatened. They battle each other over the status of arable land. Those with land consider it a private resource. Those without land content it belongs to the corporate communities themselves, a position supported by federal agrarian reform law. Such conflict seriously threatens the stability of these peasant organizations.

A necessary pre-requisite to the development of effective food and development policies involves understanding the intermediate steps and relationships between income and nutritional status. This study focuses on the social and cultural factors which are of importance in the determination of dietary patterns under normal circumstances. Four populations were studied (a total of 105 households) in Sonora, Mexico, an area of prevalent mild to moderate malnutrition: rural residents of Arroyo Lindo, migrants from there to Hermosillo, households in which both husband and wife were born in Hermosillo, and households with an American wife. The social and cultural variables investigated included: income, subsistence pattern, prestige, material culture, ethnicity, women's roles, intrahousehold food distribution, rural-urban residence, and nutritional knowledge. Data were collected over a 4-8 day period for each household on both actual food consumption (3 1-day recalls for each member of the household) and ethnographic aspects of dietary patterns. It was found that all of the variables interact through the "invisible variable" of available income. This refers to income which is available to those responsible for household expenditures to spend on houshold needs, including food. In Sonora, it includes the husband's and/or wife's earnings, plus that portion of any other household wage earner's income which is given to either the husband or wife. Husbands and wives use their incomes primarily for household needs, while other wage earners do not contribute equivalent proportions of their earnings to the household. This results in differences between total household income and available income. While husbands (and men in general) tend to retain more of their earnings for personal expenses than do wives (and women in general), calculation of available income focused on role, rather than gender of the wage earner. Using the concept of available income makes it clear that the interaction of the other variables and their effect on dietary patterns is through affecting the amount of available income, or how this amount is allocated. The importance of social and cultural variables in affecting dietary patterns is demonstrated by considering the ways their manipulation might ameliorate Sonoran nutritional problems.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-05T14:37:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Guilherme de Castro Duarte Martins - 2016.pdf: 3312242 bytes, checksum: 3ed829717019a7e47206840d74e63a4b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-05T14:39:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Guilherme de Castro Duarte Martins - 2016.pdf: 3312242 bytes, checksum: 3ed829717019a7e47206840d74e63a4b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T14:39:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Guilherme de Castro Duarte Martins - 2016.pdf: 3312242 bytes, checksum: 3ed829717019a7e47206840d74e63a4b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The following work aims to investigate the presence of sound on contemporary visual arts, through the study of artworks from artists who make use of the sonic matter to change and make arise new time-spaces in the middle of the daily experience. I investigate mainly the works of the Scotish artist Susan Philipsz (Lowlands, 2010) and the Brazilian artist Raquel Stolf (Grilo, 2006). I start from coining the concept of cartophonies, that would mean sound maps resulting from the cross-over of noises emitted not only from the artworks I study, but originated also from its surroundings, composing puzzles audible and inaudible forces, that circulate around and through these works. As sound maps in constant mutation, the concept of cartophony was produced as a mobile tool for the present research, helping to understand how sound not only represents the space it traverses, but also participates on the creation of the volatile lines of this space, modifying it and being modified by it every second. / Essa dissertação tem por objetivo investigar a presença do som na arte contemporânea, a partir do estudo do trabalho de artistas que se utilizam da matéria sonora para modificar e fazer surgir espaços-tempos em meio à experiência cotidiana. Investigo, principalmente, obras da artista escocesa Susan Philipsz (Lowlands, 2010) e da brasileira Raquel Stolf (Grilo, 2006). Parto do conceito de cartofonias, que seriam mapas sonoros resultantes do cruzamento entre ruídos emitidos não apenas pelas obras estudadas, mas vindos também de seu entorno, compondo jogos de força, audíveis ou não, que rodeiam e atravessam essas obras. Enquanto mapas sônicos em constante mutação, o conceito de cartofonia foi criado como uma ferramenta móvel para a presente pesquisa, auxiliando-me no entendimento de como o som não apenas representa o espaço que percorre, mas também participa na criação e no traçado volátil desse espaço, modificando-o e sendo modificado por ele a todo instante.

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Phytostabilization is a remediation technology that uses plants for in-situ stabilization of contamination in soils and mine tailings. The objective of this study was to identify native plant species with potential for phytostabilization of the abandoned mine tailings in Nacozari, Sonora in northern Mexico. A flora of 42 species in 16 families of angiosperms was recorded on the tailings site and the abundance of the most common perennial species was estimated. Four of the five abundant perennial species showed evidence of regeneration: the ability to reproduce and establish new seedlings. A comparison of selected physicochemical properties of the tailings in vegetated patches with adjacent barren areas suggests that pH, electrical conductivity, texture, and concentration of potentially toxic elements do not limit plant distribution. For the most abundant species, the accumulation factor for most metals was <1, with the exception of Zn in two species. A short-term experiment on adaptation revealed limited evidence for the formation of local ecotypes in Prosopis velutina and Amaranthus watsonii . Overall, the results of this study indicate that five native plant species might have potential for phytostabilization of the Nacozari tailings and that seed could be collected locally to revegetate the site. More broadly, this study provides a methodology that can be used to identify native plants and evaluate their phytostabilization potential for similar mine tailings.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-29T23:46:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-20 / Noise pollution is the most widespread form of pollution in the modern world and is one of the most common and serious environmental risks. Within a market, it can be noticed environmental stressors such as noise, heat, pollution and crowds, that cause negative effects on social behavior, such as aggression, anxiety, sleep disorders, etc. This research was about non-auditory effects on the health of workers in a market in the city of Fortaleza-CE. The effects of noise on hearing are directly affected by factors as noise intensity and frequency, duration and locale of exposure, besides individual susceptibility. 160 stallholders at the José Avelino Market were surveyed, which 106 were females and 54, males. This quantitative and qualitative research followed three steps: measurement of noise; application of questionnaires and SRQ20 test, and interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed by the IBM-SPSS v19 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). This research has revealed that the average noise measurement was above 70dBA on market days in all environments. This result is worrisome because the 70dBA level is proved to boost the chances of heart attack, stroke, infections, hypertension and other diseases. 142 (88.7%) of the participants recognized the noise as an agent responsible for causing or aggravating health problems, however 113 (70.6%) stated that the local noise does not interfere in the activities of the fair. SRQ20 Test indicated that 45 stallholders (33 females and 12 males) may have common mental disorders (CMD). However, within this group, only 19 (42.2%) have reported have been working at the market for two years or less. It is also noticed that the longer the experience in the market, less is the probability of CMD. The highest level of noise pollution was detected by the parking lot near the viaduct, where it was also detected the highest number of CMD (Common Mental Disorder) cases. Despite this, there were not any statistical significance regarding the noise level and its relation with the CMD results obtained through SRQ20 Test. Analyzing the interviews, the data that was collected was divided into 6 categories. Many interviewees expressed the feeling of irritation and stress as symptoms caused by the noise; but they did not believe that damages to their physical health can be a consequent result. They also affirmed that the noise can be a disturbance on sale; however, they did not know how solve this problem, as they have said that every market works like this. It was concluded that the noise pollution in a market is indeed stressing and annoying. According to the surveys and measurements, the more the stallholders were exposed to the noise; more the CMD symptoms were shown. Nevertheless the noise pollution effects are superficially recognized and poorly minimized as regards the sale in a market. Keywords: noise, noise pollution, market, non-auditory effects of noise. / A poluição sonora é a mais difundida forma de poluição no mundo moderno e constitui um dos mais comuns e graves riscos ambientais. No espaço de uma feira pode-se perceber a existência de fatores de estresse ambientais, como o ruído, o calor, a poluição e a multidão que causam efeitos sobre o comportamento social, como agressividade, ansiedade, perturbações do sono, etc. Nesta pesquisa foi realizado um estudo dos efeitos não auditivos do ruído na saúde de trabalhadores de uma feira localizada na cidade de Fortaleza/CE. Os efeitos do ruído na audição sofrem influência direta de alguns fatores, tais como intensidade e frequência do ruído, tempo e local de exposição, além da susceptibilidade individual. O estudo realizado foi quanti-qualitativo, com 160 feirantes da Feira da José Avelino, dos quais 106 eram do sexo feminino e 54 masculino, seguindo 3 etapas: Medição do Ruído; Aplicação de Questionário e do Teste SRQ20; e Entrevistas. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados pelo o programa IBM-SPSS v 19 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Como resultado da pesquisa verificou-se que as medições do ruído nos dias de feira tiveram as médias de valores em todos os ambientes acima de 70 dBA, o que é preocupante, pois o nível de 70 dB é tido como o nível de desgaste do organismo, aumentando o risco de infarto, derrame cerebral, infecções, hipertensão arterial e outras patologias. 142 (88,7%) dos participantes reconhecem o ruído como agente causador ou agravador de problemas de saúde, porém 113 (70,6%) afirmam que o ruído local não interfere nas atividades da feira. Quanto ao teste do SRQ20, 45 feirantes apresentaram resultados sugestivos de Transtorno Mental Comum (TMC), dos quais 33 eram do sexo feminino e 12 masculino. Desse total de feirantes com TMC, 19 (42,2%) afirmam trabalhar na feira há apenas 2 anos. Percebeu-se que quanto maior é o tempo em anos de trabalho na feira menor é o número de pessoas com resultado sugestivo de TMC. A maior média de valores de ruído obtidos durante as medições foi detectada no ambiente do Estacionamento do Viaduto, local onde também houve um maior número de resultados sugestivos para Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC). No entanto, não foi observado significância estatística no teste quando se relaciona às médias de ruído com os resultados sugestivos de TMC obtidos por meio do teste SRQ20. Na análise das entrevistas foram criados 6 categorias com os dados colhidos. Muitos entrevistados referem sentir irritação e estresse como sintomas do ruído, porém não acreditam que esse ruído possa causar danos à saúde física. Afirmam que o ruído atrapalha um pouco na venda, porém não conhecem nenhum meio para reduzir esse transtorno, pois segundo eles toda feira se constitui dessa forma. Conclui-se que o ruído é de fato um dos causadores de estresse e incômodo no ambiente da feira. Os trabalhadores mais expostos, de acordo com as medições, são também os que apresentam sintomas de TMC com maior. No entanto esses efeitos são pouco reconhecidos ou minimizados em função da atividade da venda. Palavras-chave: ruído, poluição sonora, feira, efeitos não auditivos do ruído.