Variable speed drive technology has advanced dramatically in the last 10 years with the advent of new power devices. In this study, a three phase induction motor drive using Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT) at the inverter power stage is introduced to implement speed and position control for the revolving stage in the Frederic Wood Theatre This thesis presents a solution to control a 3-phase induction motor using the Texas Instruments (TI) Digital Signal Processor (DSP) TMS320F2407A. The use of this DSP yields enhanced operations, fewer system components, lower system cost and increased efficiency. The control algorithm is based on the constant volts-per-hertz principle because the exact speed control is not needed. Reflective object sensors which are mounted on concrete frame are used to detect accurate edge position of revolving stage. The sinusoidal voltage waveforms are generated by the DSP using the space vector modulation technique. In order to satisfy some operating conditions for safe and agreeable operation, a look-up table, which is used to give command voltage and speed signals in software, is applied to limit the maximum speed and acceleration of the revolving stage. Meanwhile, a boost voltage signal is added at the low frequency areas to make the motor produce maximum output torque when starting. A test prototype is then built to validate the performance. Several tests are implemented into the IGBT drive to explore the reason for unacceptable oscillations in IGBT’s gate control signals. Improvement methods in hardware layout are suggested for the final design.

Variable speed drive technology has advanced dramatically in the last 10 years with the advent of new power devices. In this study, a three phase induction motor drive using Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT) at the inverter power stage is introduced to implement speed and position control for the revolving stage in the Frederic Wood Theatre This thesis presents a solution to control a 3-phase induction motor using the Texas Instruments (TI) Digital Signal Processor (DSP) TMS320F2407A. The use of this DSP yields enhanced operations, fewer system components, lower system cost and increased efficiency. The control algorithm is based on the constant volts-per-hertz principle because the exact speed control is not needed. Reflective object sensors which are mounted on concrete frame are used to detect accurate edge position of revolving stage. The sinusoidal voltage waveforms are generated by the DSP using the space vector modulation technique. In order to satisfy some operating conditions for safe and agreeable operation, a look-up table, which is used to give command voltage and speed signals in software, is applied to limit the maximum speed and acceleration of the revolving stage. Meanwhile, a boost voltage signal is added at the low frequency areas to make the motor produce maximum output torque when starting. A test prototype is then built to validate the performance. Several tests are implemented into the IGBT drive to explore the reason for unacceptable oscillations in IGBT’s gate control signals. Improvement methods in hardware layout are suggested for the final design.

Variable speed drive technology has advanced dramatically in the last 10 years with the advent of new power devices. In this study, a three phase induction motor drive using Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBT) at the inverter power stage is introduced to implement speed and position control for the revolving stage in the Frederic Wood Theatre This thesis presents a solution to control a 3-phase induction motor using the Texas Instruments (TI) Digital Signal Processor (DSP) TMS320F2407A. The use of this DSP yields enhanced operations, fewer system components, lower system cost and increased efficiency. The control algorithm is based on the constant volts-per-hertz principle because the exact speed control is not needed. Reflective object sensors which are mounted on concrete frame are used to detect accurate edge position of revolving stage. The sinusoidal voltage waveforms are generated by the DSP using the space vector modulation technique. In order to satisfy some operating conditions for safe and agreeable operation, a look-up table, which is used to give command voltage and speed signals in software, is applied to limit the maximum speed and acceleration of the revolving stage. Meanwhile, a boost voltage signal is added at the low frequency areas to make the motor produce maximum output torque when starting. A test prototype is then built to validate the performance. Several tests are implemented into the IGBT drive to explore the reason for unacceptable oscillations in IGBT’s gate control signals. Improvement methods in hardware layout are suggested for the final design. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of / Graduate

Distributed generation (DG) with a converter interface to the power grid is found in many of the green power resources applications. This dissertation describes a multi-objective control technique of voltage source converter (VSC) based on multilevel converter topologies, for integration of DG resources based on renewable energy (and non-renewable energy)to the power grid. The aims have been set to maintain a stable operation of the power grid, in case of di erent types of grid-connected loads. The proposed method provides compensation for active, reactive, and harmonic load current components. A proportional-integral (PI) control law is derived through linearization of the inherently non-linear DG system model, so that the tasks of current control dynamics and dc capacitor voltage dynamics become decoupled. This decoupling allows us to control the DG output currents and the dc bus voltage independently of each other, thereby providing either one of these decoupled subsystems a dynamic response that signi cantly slower than that of the other. To overcome the drawbacks of the conventional method, a computational control delay compensation method, which delaylessly and accurately generates the DG reference currents, is proposed. The rst step is to extract the DG reference currents from the sensed load currents by applying the stationary reference frame and then transferred into synchronous reference frame method, and then, the reference currents are modi ed, so that the delay will be compensated. The transformed variables are used in control of the multilevel voltage source converter as the heart of the interfacing system between DG resources and power grid. By setting appropriate compensation current references from the sensed load currents in control circuit loop of DG link, the active, reactive, and harmonic load current components will be compensated with fast dynamic response, thereby achieving sinusoidal grid currents in phase with load voltages while required power of loads is more than the maximum injected power of the DG resources. The converter, which is controlled by the described control strategy, guarantees maximum injection of active power to the grid continuously, unity displacement power factor of power grid, and reduced harmonic load currents in the common coupling point. In addition, high current overshoot does not exist during connection of DG link to the power grid, and the proposed integration strategy is insensitive to grid overload. / La Generació Distribuïda (DG) injectada a la xarxa amb un convertidor estàtic és una solució molt freqüent en l'ús de molts dels recursos renovables. Aquesta tesis descriu una técnica de control multi-objectiu del convertidor en font de tensió (VSC), basat en les topologies de convertidor multinivell, per a la integració de les fonts distribuïdes basades en energies renovables i també de no renovables.Els objectius fixats van encaminats a mantenir un funcionament estable de la xarxa elèctrica en el cas de la connexió de diferents tipus de càrregues. El mètode de control proposat ofereix la possibilitat de compensació de les components actives i reactives de la potencia, i les components harmòniques del corrent consumit per les càrregues.La llei de control proporcional-Integral (PI) s’obté de la linearització del model inherentment no lineal del sistema, de forma que el problema de control del corrent injectat i de la tensió d’entrada del convertidor queden desacoblats. Aquest desacoblament permet el control dels corrents de sortida i la tensió del bus de forma independent, però amb un d’ells amb una dinàmica inferior.Per superar els inconvenients del mètode convencional, s’usa un retard computacional, que genera les senyals de referència de forma acurada i sense retard. El primer pas es calcular els corrents de referència a partir de les mesures de corrent. Aquest càlcul es fa primer transformant les mesures a la referència estacionaria per després transformar aquests valors a la referència síncrona. En aquest punt es on es poden compensar els retards.Les variables transformades son usades en els llaços de control del convertidor multinivell. Mitjançant aquests llaços de control i les referències adequades, el convertidor és capaç de compensar la potencia activa, reactiva i els corrents harmònics de la càrrega amb una elevada resposta dinàmica, obtenint uns corrents de la xarxa de forma completament sinusoïdal, i en fase amb les tensions.El convertidor, controlat amb el mètode descrit, garanteix la màxima injecció de la potencia activa, la injecció de la potencia reactiva per compensar el factor de potencia de la càrrega, i la reducció de les components harmòniques dels corrents consumits per la càrrega. A més, garanteix una connexió suau entre la font d’energia i la xarxa. El sistema proposat es insensible en front de la sobrecarrega de la xarxa

Orientador: Dionizio Paschoareli Junior / Banca: Falcondes Jose Mendes de Seixas / Banca: Hari Bruno Mohr / Resumo: A tendência dos sistemas de energia elétrica é uma operação cada vez mais próxima de seus limites operacionais. A presença de equipamentos que utilizam a eletrônica de potência, no controle e condicionamento da energia, é cada vez mais freqüente. A utilização de conversores como fonte de tensão, associados a elementos armazenadores de energia como, por exemplo, a bateria de sódio-enxofre, com alta densidade de energia, alta eficiência na carga e descarga e ainda um longo ciclo de vida, é a configuração básica de um Compensador Regenerativo de Potência Ativa. Compensação regenerativa de potência é um conceito que permite o armazenamento de energia em períodos favoráveis sob o ponto de vista dos custos da energia elétrica. Este conceito de compensação baseia-se no armazenamento da energia excedente ao longo do dia, nos períodos de menor tarifação, para utilizá-la nos horários de ponta (sobre-tarifa), aproveitando-se as vantagens contratuais de consumo de energia fora de ponta e promovendo-se uma melhor equalização de consumo, permitindo uma redução no contrato de demanda. Portanto, na compensação regenerativa de potência ativa, os períodos de consumo de energia são deslocados, com o objetivo de se obter redução na tarifa. Este conceito mostra-se interessante em sistemas com tarifação do tipo horo-sazonal, como é o caso brasileiro. Com o objetivo de se verificar tal troca de potência ativa, um modelo trifásico foi implementado e simulado. Os controles da potência ativa trocada entre o compensador e o sistema e da tensão na barra na qual o mesmo está instalado são realizados independentes e por controladores do tipo PID. Os sinais de controle dos interruptores semicondutores que compõe o conversor como fonte de tensão são gerados a partir do DSP TMS320F2808 da Texas Instruments, o que está embarcado no módulo didático eZdsp F2808 da Spectrum Digital / Abstract: Nowadays, electric power systems are expected to work closer to their operating limits. Power electronics based controllers, such as voltage sourced converters, are increasingly present in power systems. Electronic devices are often used to energy controlling and conditioning. The use of voltage sourced converters, associated to high-density storage elements, is the basic configuration of a Regenerative Active Power Compensator. Regenerative Active Power Compensator is a concept which proposes the energy storage as a possibility for revaluation of electrical energy cost with demand contracts. This concept is based on storing energy surplus during off peak periods, when the energy cost is cheaper, and injecting it back to the system during the overpriced peak periods. This procedure allows a better equalization of energy consumption and a reduction in electric power demand contracts. Therefore, using regenerative active power compensation, the consumption is dislocated from peak periods, resulting in a reduction of energy costs for the consumer. This concept is especially attractive for countries that use hour-seasonal fees police, as in the Brazilian case. This work proposes a three-phase model simulation with digital signal processor controller to investigate the active power flow control between the power system and the compensator, using a proportional-integral-derivative control strategy. The control signals are generate using the Texas Instruments DSP TMS320F2808, witch is embedded into the eZdsp F2808 didactic module, from Spectrum Digital / Mestre

In conventional three-phase PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) current source converter based STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) applications, DC link current is kept constant at a predefined value and the reactive power of STATCOM is controlled by varying modulation index. This control strategy causes unnecessary power losses especially when the reactive power of STATCOM is low. For this purpose, in order to reduce the active power drawn by STATCOM, the modulation index can be maximized by adjusting DC link current. Within the scope of this thesis, an adaptive control of DC link current will be designed and applied to a 0.4kV 50kVAr three phase current source converter based STATCOM so that the power losses can be reduced. The theoretical work will be compared and discussed with the experimental results.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:09:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nascimento_bm_me_ilha.pdf: 1604913 bytes, checksum: f565cd826c9093459f7a60aa26c658fb (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A tendência dos sistemas de energia elétrica é uma operação cada vez mais próxima de seus limites operacionais. A presença de equipamentos que utilizam a eletrônica de potência, no controle e condicionamento da energia, é cada vez mais freqüente. A utilização de conversores como fonte de tensão, associados a elementos armazenadores de energia como, por exemplo, a bateria de sódio-enxofre, com alta densidade de energia, alta eficiência na carga e descarga e ainda um longo ciclo de vida, é a configuração básica de um Compensador Regenerativo de Potência Ativa. Compensação regenerativa de potência é um conceito que permite o armazenamento de energia em períodos favoráveis sob o ponto de vista dos custos da energia elétrica. Este conceito de compensação baseia-se no armazenamento da energia excedente ao longo do dia, nos períodos de menor tarifação, para utilizá-la nos horários de ponta (sobre-tarifa), aproveitando-se as vantagens contratuais de consumo de energia fora de ponta e promovendo-se uma melhor equalização de consumo, permitindo uma redução no contrato de demanda. Portanto, na compensação regenerativa de potência ativa, os períodos de consumo de energia são deslocados, com o objetivo de se obter redução na tarifa. Este conceito mostra-se interessante em sistemas com tarifação do tipo horo-sazonal, como é o caso brasileiro. Com o objetivo de se verificar tal troca de potência ativa, um modelo trifásico foi implementado e simulado. Os controles da potência ativa trocada entre o compensador e o sistema e da tensão na barra na qual o mesmo está instalado são realizados independentes e por controladores do tipo PID. Os sinais de controle dos interruptores semicondutores que compõe o conversor como fonte de tensão são gerados a partir do DSP TMS320F2808 da Texas Instruments, o que está embarcado no módulo didático eZdsp F2808 da Spectrum Digital / Nowadays, electric power systems are expected to work closer to their operating limits. Power electronics based controllers, such as voltage sourced converters, are increasingly present in power systems. Electronic devices are often used to energy controlling and conditioning. The use of voltage sourced converters, associated to high-density storage elements, is the basic configuration of a Regenerative Active Power Compensator. Regenerative Active Power Compensator is a concept which proposes the energy storage as a possibility for revaluation of electrical energy cost with demand contracts. This concept is based on storing energy surplus during off peak periods, when the energy cost is cheaper, and injecting it back to the system during the overpriced peak periods. This procedure allows a better equalization of energy consumption and a reduction in electric power demand contracts. Therefore, using regenerative active power compensation, the consumption is dislocated from peak periods, resulting in a reduction of energy costs for the consumer. This concept is especially attractive for countries that use hour-seasonal fees police, as in the Brazilian case. This work proposes a three-phase model simulation with digital signal processor controller to investigate the active power flow control between the power system and the compensator, using a proportional-integral-derivative control strategy. The control signals are generate using the Texas Instruments DSP TMS320F2808, witch is embedded into the eZdsp F2808 didactic module, from Spectrum Digital

No description available.

Voltage source inverter (VSI) is used to control the speed of an induction motor by applying AC voltage of variable amplitude and frequency. The semiconductor switches in a VSI are turned on and off in an appropriate fashion to vary the output voltage of the VSI. Various pulse width modulation (PWM) methods are available to generate the gating signals for the switches. The process of PWM ensures proper fundamental voltage, but introduces harmonics at the output of the VSI. Ripple in the developed torque of the induction motor, also known as pulsating torque, is a prominent consequence of the harmonic content. The harmonic voltages, impressed by the VSI on the motor, differ from one PWM method to another. Space-vector-based approach to PWM facilitates a large number of switching patterns or switching sequences to operate the switches in a VSI. The switching sequences can be classified as conventional, bus-clamping and advanced bus-clamping sequences. The conventional sequence switches each phase once in a half-carrier cycle or sub-cycle, as in case of sine-triangle PWM, third harmonic injection PWM and conventional space vector PWM (CSVPWM). The bus-clamping sequences clamp a phase to one of the DC terminals of the VSI in certain regions of the fundamental cycle; these are employed by discontinuous PWM (DPWM) methods. Popular DPWM methods include 30 degree clamp PWM, wherein a phase is clamped during the middle 30 degree duration of each quarter cycle, and 60 degree clamp PWM which clamps a phase in the middle 60 degree duration of each half cycle. Advanced bus-clamping PWM (ABCPWM) involves switching sequences that switch a phase twice in a sub-cycle besides clamping another phase. Unlike CSVPWM and BCPWM, the PWM waveforms corresponding to ABCPWM methods cannot be generated by comparison of three modulating signals against a common carrier. The process of modulation in ABCPWM is analyzed from a per-phase perspective, and a computationally efficient methodology to realize the sequences is derived. This methodology simplifies simulation and digital implementation of ABCPWM techniques. Further, a quick-simulation tool is developed to simulate motor drives, operated with a wide range of PWM methods. This tool is used for validation of various analytical results before experimental investigations. The switching sequences differ in terms of the harmonic voltages applied on the machine. The harmonic currents and, in turn, the torque ripple are different for different switching sequences. Analytical expression for the instantaneous torque ripple is derived for the various switching sequences. These analytical expressions are used to predict the torque ripple, corresponding to different switching sequences, at various operating conditions. These are verified through numerical simulations and experiments. Further, the spectral properties are studied for the torque ripple waveforms, pertaining to conventional space vector PWM (CSVPWM), 30 degree clamp PWM, 60 degree clamp PWM and ABCPWM methods. Based on analytical, simulation and experimental results, the magnitude of the dominant torque harmonic with an ABCPWM method is shown to be significantly lower than that with CSVPWM. Also, this ABCPWM method results in lower RMS torque ripple than the BCPWM methods at any speed and CSVPWM at high speeds of the motor. Design of hybrid PWM methods to reduce the RMS torque ripple is described. A hybrid PWM method to reduce the RMS torque ripple is proposed. The proposed method results in a dominant torque harmonic of magnitude lower than those due to CSVPWM and ABCPWM. The peak-to-peak torque in each sub-cycle is analyzed for different switching sequences. Another hybrid PWM is proposed to reduce the peak-to-peak torque ripple in each sub-cycle. Both the proposed hybrid PWM methods reduce the torque ripple, without increasing the total harmonic distortion (THD) in line current, compared to CSVPWM. CSVPWM divides the zero vector time equally between the two zero states of a VSI. The zero vector time can optimally be divided to minimize the RMS torque ripple in each sub-cycle. It is shown that such an optimal division of zero vector time is the same as addition of third harmonic of magnitude 0.25 times the fundamental magnitude to the three-phase sinusoidal modulating signals. ABCPWM applies an active state twice in a sub-cycle, with the active vector time divided equally. Optimal division of active vector time in ABCPWM to minimize the RMS torque ripple is evaluated, both theoretically and experimentally. Compared to CSVPWM, this optimal PWM is shown to reduce the RMS torque ripple significantly over a wide range of speed. The various PWM schemes are implemented on ALTERA CycloneII field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based digital control platform along with sensorless vector control and torque estimation algorithms. The controller generates the gating signals for a 10kVA IGBT-based two-level VSI connected to a 5hp, 400V, 4-pole, 50Hz squirrel-cage induction motor. The induction motor is coupled to a 230V, 3kW separately-excited DC generator.

1.1 Objectius de la tesi.En els últims anys el control del parell i de la velocitat del motor d'inducció ha estat llargament estudiat. Un cop s'ha considerat que les prestacions dinàmiques assolibles eren ja suficientment satisfactòries, els diferents investigadors han reorientat els seus esforços cap a altres enfocs relacionats, ja no únicament amb el MI estrictament parlant, sinó amb tot el sistema que constitueix l'accionament amb si mateix.L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi és posar en evidència, l'existència d'unes idealitzacions i limitacions dels controls tradicionals de parell i velocitat del motor d'inducció (bàsicament del Control Vectorial i del DTC), així com a proposar mètodes i algorismes alternatius que superin a les mateixes.1.2 Estructura i contingutEl Capítol 1 conté una introducció al treball.El segon capítol Modelització del motor d'inducció, presenta les principals tècniques i equacions, que porten a descriure d'una forma dinàmica al MI.El tercer capítol, Control de parell i velocitat del MI, es descriuen els Control Vectorial i el Control Directe de Parell (DTC), ja que són els més estudiats en la literatura.El quart capítol, Estudi dels bucles de corrent, tracta més en profunditat una de les limitacions que presenta el Control Vectorial, l'estudi de les interaccions que hi ha entre els dos llaços de regulació de les intensitats de l'estator (la seva component directa i en quadratura).En el cinquè capítol, OSVPWM (Optimized Space Vector PWM), es presenta un estudi detallat dels diferents mètodes d'ondulació (DC/AC) que existeixen. D'entre tots aquests, s'estudia amb molt més deteniment el Space Vector PWM (SVPWM), aportant un nou algorisme d'implementació del mateix (optimitzat per DSP's), així com posant en evidència la negativa influència dels temps morts sobre el mateix.El sisè capítol presenta l'ODTC (Optimized Direct Torque Control), com a resum de tots els capítols anteriors.1.3 Aportacions d'aquesta tesi.En la modelització matemàtica del Motor d'Inducció, s'ha arribat a la formulació d'una equació genèrica, que engloba totes les possibles referències, i totes les definicions d'intensitats magnetitzants.En l'estudi del DTC s'ha presentat una nova taula de commutació, que permet disminuir l'excessiu arrissat de parell que presenta la taula de commutació tradicional.En l'estudi del SVPWM s'ha presentat una nova formulació molt més apta per a la seva implementació en DSP (Digital Signal Processor). Igualment, s'ha posat en evidència la important influència dels temps morts dels interruptors, en la THD (Tasa de Distorsió Harmònica) de l'ona de tensió de sortida de l'ondulador proposant un algorisme de compensació (OSVPWM).S'ha proposat un nou algorisme de control del parell del MI, incorporant les prestacions del DTC en règim transitori (ràpida resposta del parell), i les prestacions del Control Vectorial en règim permanent (petit arrissat de parell), amb la incorporació de l'OSVPWM com a estratègia de modulació.Finalment destacar, l'aportació d'un equip experimental basat en DSP, de disseny molt versàtil i robust, i que incorpora tota una sèrie d'eines de desenvolupament que el fan molt útil per a l'experimentació de noves lleis de control, referides principalment al motor d'inducció, però que també s'ha demostrat eficient alhora de treballar amb altres plantes com és el cas dels SAI's (Sistemes d'Alimentació Ininterrompuda).1.4 Futures línies de recerca.Seguir treballant en l'estudi del OSVPM, però en el cas de la sobremodulació, és a dir, quan la tensió de consigna superi o surti fora dels rangs d'aplicabilitat del mateix.Amb l'obtenció de l'equació que ens permet estimar l'arrissat màxim de parell, associat al conjunt motor-ondulador, estudiar el disseny de controladors per histèresi de banda d'histèresi variable (funció de l'estat de l'accionament).Finalment destacar, que amb el constant augment de la potència de càlcul dels DSP, les possibilitats de noves lleis de control del MI ("fuzzy logic" i "passivity control") són cada dia més possibles, i per tant s'han convertit en una línia de treball molt interessant.