As Galileo peered through a lens to see the twinkle of the Jovian moons, and Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek did the same to study the tremulous basis of all life, so the fabric of threads we weave across time and space – the vast net of relations that bind and separate us – is visible only through a lens. Footprints in the snow and the weathered stone steps of buildings hint at the shape of these threads, but the coming of spring and the hardness of stone limit our observations. The Global Positioning System (GPS) now provides us a lens to see the path that individuals, families, and communities take in space-time -- their worldlines. When millions of GPS signatures are collected from hundreds of individuals, heritable patterns emerge that embody particular individual’s ideas and practices, as well as those of the society and the environment in which they operate. Besides providing a tool to test assumptions about how space is used, I argue in this thesis that by allowing us to glimpse a terra incognita, mapping worldlines also provides a unique perspective on our spatial relationship to one another.

Kaluza-Klein theories generally in $(4+D)$ and more specifically in five dimensions are reviewed. The magnetic monopole solutions found in the Kaluza-Klein theories are generally reviewed and their generalizations to Anti-de Sitter spacetimes are discussed.

<p>In this thesis spacetime analysis is applied to laser triangulation in an attempt to eliminate certain artifacts caused mainly by reflectance variations of the surface being measured. It is shown that spacetime analysis do eliminate these artifacts almost completely, it is also shown that the shape of the laser beam used no longer is critical thanks to the spacetime analysis, and that in some cases the laser probably even could be exchanged for a non-coherent light source. Furthermore experiments of running the derived algorithm on a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) are conducted with very promising results.</p><p>The thesis starts by deriving the theory needed for doing spacetime analysis in a laser triangulation setup taking perspective distortions into account, then several experiments evaluating the method is conducted.</p>

As Galileo peered through a lens to see the twinkle of the Jovian moons, and Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek did the same to study the tremulous basis of all life, so the fabric of threads we weave across time and space – the vast net of relations that bind and separate us – is visible only through a lens. Footprints in the snow and the weathered stone steps of buildings hint at the shape of these threads, but the coming of spring and the hardness of stone limit our observations. The Global Positioning System (GPS) now provides us a lens to see the path that individuals, families, and communities take in space-time -- their worldlines. When millions of GPS signatures are collected from hundreds of individuals, heritable patterns emerge that embody particular individual’s ideas and practices, as well as those of the society and the environment in which they operate. Besides providing a tool to test assumptions about how space is used, I argue in this thesis that by allowing us to glimpse a terra incognita, mapping worldlines also provides a unique perspective on our spatial relationship to one another.

Submitted by Johan Renzo Salazar Malpartida (johanrenzosm@gmail.com) on 2018-09-24T18:20:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 0-Thesis.pdf: 349725 bytes, checksum: a61b999c76db9b574769428cae02bc08 (MD5) / Rejected by Hellen Sayuri Sato null (hellen@ift.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize correções na submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: - Passar na biblioteca para elaborar a ficha catalográfica que deverá ser inserida na dissertação antes de inserir no repositório. A ficha deve consta no PDF - Corrigir o título, pois no pdf o título está em inglês. Portanto, o campo título deve ser preenchido em inglês e o campo titulo alternativo em português - entrada do seu nome deve ser pelo sobrenome do seu pai. - Se o sobrenome do seu pai for Malpartida --> deve ser preenchido Malpartida, Johan Renzo Salazar - Se o sobrenome do seu pai for Salazar --> deve ser preenchido Salazar Malpartida, Johan Renzo - Faltou inserir o abstract - Faltou preencher o campo área de concentração - Faltou preencher o campo Linha de pesquisa on 2018-09-25T17:29:41Z (GMT) / Submitted by Johan Renzo Salazar Malpartida (johanrenzosm@gmail.com) on 2018-09-26T13:20:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 ficha catalográfica -Johan Renzo Salazar malpartida (1).pdf: 84996 bytes, checksum: 67952920d1945336e50e78b9a7752d7d (MD5) 0-Thesis.pdf: 440560 bytes, checksum: b830fa43b5d20651d6f0b7a1cd7998c9 (MD5) / Rejected by Hellen Sayuri Sato null (hellen@ift.unesp.br), reason: Johan, Conforme orientação que foi dada ontem, a ficha catalográfica precisa ser inserida no pdf da dissertação, logo após a folha de rosto, onde consta o titulo, seu nome, orientador... on 2018-09-26T14:44:32Z (GMT) / Submitted by Johan Renzo Salazar Malpartida (johanrenzosm@gmail.com) on 2018-09-26T15:50:22Z No. of bitstreams: 3 ficha catalográfica -Johan Renzo Salazar malpartida (1).pdf: 84996 bytes, checksum: 67952920d1945336e50e78b9a7752d7d (MD5) 0-Thesis.pdf: 440560 bytes, checksum: b830fa43b5d20651d6f0b7a1cd7998c9 (MD5) 0-Thesis.pdf: 471654 bytes, checksum: 992ba3db7e6190e79618954b961abc5e (MD5) / Rejected by Hellen Sayuri Sato null (hellen@ift.unesp.br), reason: Johan, Por favor, a ficha precisa ser anexada do jeito que foi enviada. A mesma ficou desconfigurada no pdf. Ela tem que ficar centralizada na parte inferior da página, do jeito que foi enviada Favor deletar os arquivos antigo e manter um único arquivo on 2018-09-26T18:16:10Z (GMT) / Submitted by Johan Renzo Salazar Malpartida (johanrenzosm@gmail.com) on 2018-09-26T18:37:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 0-Thesis-merged.pdf: 573271 bytes, checksum: 37b052e0c5e3b1c119f1f920c0d3eaaa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Hellen Sayuri Sato null (hellen@ift.unesp.br) on 2018-09-27T17:57:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 salazarmalpartida_jr_me_ift.pdf: 573271 bytes, checksum: 37b052e0c5e3b1c119f1f920c0d3eaaa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T17:57:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 salazarmalpartida_jr_me_ift.pdf: 573271 bytes, checksum: 37b052e0c5e3b1c119f1f920c0d3eaaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Como é bem conhecido, a relatividade especial de Einstein, cuja cinemática é governada pelo grupo de Poincaré, deixa de valer na escala de Planck devido à existência de uma escala de comprimento invariante, dada pelo comprimento de Planck. Por essa razão, ela é incapaz de descrever a cinemática naquela escala. Uma solução possível para esse problema, a qual preserva a simetria de Lorentz — e consequentemente a causalidade — é substituir a relatividade especial de Einstein por uma relatividade especial na qual a cinemática é governada pelo grupo de de Sitter. Claro que uma mudança na relatividade especial irá pruduzir mudanças concomitantes na relatividade geral, a qual se torna o que chamamos de relatividade geral modificada por de Sitter. Trabalhando no contexto dessa teoria, o objetivo desse trabalho é deduzir a fórmula geral da aceleração relativa entre duas geodésicas próximas, a qual leva à equação do desvio geodésico modificada por de Sitter. Uma análise simples dos efeitos adicionais induzidos pela cinemática local de de Sitter é apresentada. / As is well-known, the Poincaré invariant Einstein special relativity breaks down at the Planck scale due to the presence of an invariant length, given by the Planck length. For this reason, it is unable to describe the spacetime kinematics at that scale. A possible solution to this problem that preserves Lorentz symmetry — and consequently causality — is arguably to replace the Poincaré invariant Einstein special relativity by a de Sitter invariant special relativity. Of course, a change in special relativity produces concomitant changes in general relativity, which becomes what we have called de Sitter modified general relativity. By working in the context of this theory, the purpose of this work is to deduce the general relative acceleration between nearby geodesics, which leads to the de Sitter modified geodesic deviation equation. A simple analysis of the additional effects induced by the local de Sitter kinematics is presented. / 33015015001P7

Um modelo de análise dramatúrgica baseado no conceito físico do espaçotempo, como formulado por Hermann Minkowski é aqui apresentado. O objetivo é encontrar esse modelo, de modo a compreender como certas dramaturgias contemporâneas rompem as convenções de tempo e espaço e emulam a imprecisão da memória. Secundariamente, deseja-se verificar sua aplicabilidade na encenação das peças. O ponto de partida teórico foi a Teoria da Relatividade Restrita de Albert Einstein, que contempla a idéia de espaço-tempo - que, também, foi explorado neste estudo sob o necessário ponto de vista filosófico de Henri Bergson. Foram analisados os textos das dez peças que compõem o ciclo Marta, a Árvore e o Relógio, de Jorge Andrade. Incluíram-se também observações de montagens de peças do ciclo Marta, todas realizadas em São Paulo. Conclui-se que o conceito de espaço-tempo encontra utilidade especialmente na exegese de peças que se estruturam em planos narrativos cujos acontecimentos se sucedem de forma simultânea e/ou não cronológica, e em espaços que se interpenetram. Porém, não foi possível verificar a aplicação intencional do espaço-tempo em encenações. No máximo, pode-se afirmar que as indicações (rubricas) que Jorge Andrade incluiu nos textos, se obedecidas, são capazes de erigir uma narrativa composta de blocos do espaço-tempo que dialogam de forma pouco convencional na memória do autor e do espectador. O presente trabalho insere o modelo proposto numa época em que as narrativas, de modo geral, estilhaçaram-se para atender as necessidades de mentes humanas cada vez mais fragmentadas. / A model of dramatic analysis, based upon the physical concept of spacetime, as formulated by Hermann Minkowski, is presented herein. My initial aim was to employ this model to help understand how some contemporary plays break off time and space agreements, emulating memory\'s vagueness. Moreover, I intended to test the model\'s applicability to play staging. The theoretical start-point for this is Albert Einstein\'s Special Relativity Theory, which encompasses the idea of spacetime - upon which this work also reflects, under the essentialy philosophical point-of-view of Henri Bergson. The ten plays that constitute Jorge Andrade\'s cycle Marta, a Árvore e o Relógio were analysed. I also included observations about some productions of the Marta cycle plays, of those that took place in São Paulo. It can be concluded that the spacetime concept is specialy helpful for the exegesis of plays which structure is based upon narratives where the events happen simultaneously and/or not chronologically, and in spaces which penetrate one another. It was not, however, possible to verify the intentional use of spacetime on the stage. At most, it can be said that the rubrics by Jorge Andrade, when adhered to, are able to elicit a narrative made by spacetime slices which dialogue in a less conventional manner inside both the author\'s and the spectator\'s memories. Through this work, the model considered is inserted in an age in which the narratives, in general, have smashed themselves to smithereens, in order to answer to the needs of human minds more and more reduced to shards.

Probabilistic Spacetime is a simple generalization of the classical model of spa- cetime in General Relativity, such that it allows to consider multiple metric field realizations endowed with probabilities. The motivation for such a generalization is a possible application in the context of some quantum gravity approaches, na- mely those using the path integral. It is argued that this model might be used to restrict the precision of the geometry on small scales without postulating discrete structure; or it may be used as an effective description of a probabilistic geometry resulting from a full-fledged quantum gravity computation.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第17770号 / 理博第3893号 / 新制||理||1561(附属図書館) / 30577 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 青山 秀明, 教授 畑 浩之, 准教授 早田 次郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18070号 / 理博第3948号 / 新制||理||1569(附属図書館) / 30928 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 佐々木 節, 教授 田中 貴浩, 教授 畑 浩之 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

We introduce an elastic constitutive model of gravity that enables the interpretation of cosmological observations in terms of established ideas from Solid Mechanics and multiscale modeling. The behavior of physical space is identified with that of a material-like medium called "cosmic fabric," which exhibits constitutive behavior. This cosmic fabric is a solid hyperplate that is broad in the three ordinary spatial dimensions and thin in a fourth hyperspatial dimension. Matter in space is treated as fabric inclusions that prescribe in-plane (three-dimensional) strain causing the transverse bending of the fabric into the fourth hyperspatial dimension. The linearized Einstein-Hilbert action, which governs the dynamics of physical space, is derived from postulating Hooke’s Law for the fabric, and the Schwarzschild metric is recovered from investigating matterabric interactions. At the continuum length scale, the Principle of Relativity is shown to apply for both moving and stationary observers alike, so that the fabric’s rest reference frame remains observationally indistinguishable at such a length scale. Within the Cosmic Fabric paradigm, the structural properties of space at different hierarchical length scales can be investigated using theoretical notions and computational tools from solid mechanics to address outstanding problems in cosmology and fundamental physics. For example, we propose and offer theoretical support for the "Inherent Structure Hypothesis", which states that the gravitational anomalies currently attributed to dark matter may in fact be manifestations of the inherent (undeformed) curvature of space. In addition, we develop a numerical framework wherein one can perform numerical "experiments" to investigate the implications of said hypothesis.