Orientador: Eliseu Savério Sposito / Banca: Beatriz Ribeiro Soares / Banca: Ângela Maria Endlich / Resumo: Esta dissertação baseia-se em um recorte espacial centrado nas cidades pequenas da Décima Região Administrativa de Presidente Prudente-SP e tem como foco de contribuição a análise da dimensão territorial geográfica da indústria, no contexto econômico do interior paulista. O espaço produzido é acrescido por fatores econômicos na contemporaneidade, e compreender o arranjo de articulações arquitetadas em torno da questão industrial de determinada região é condição sine qua non para a reflexão das transformações que incidem direta ou indiretamente no mundo do trabalho, das finanças, do meio-técnico-científico-informacional, entre outros. Diante desses processos, o debate está ligado à necessidade de ampliar, na Geografia, a discussão das cidades pequenas e, aqui, especialmente, atentar-se-á para a dimensão desses centros no âmbito da "arena" capitalista do interior paulista, com ênfase na análise dos principais segmentos da indústria. Com esse intuito, entende-se que o estudo de determinadas particularidades geográficas também deve constar neste exame de maneira mais aprofundada e por esse motivo, elegeu-se a região administrativa de Presidente Prudente. Nesse sentido, espera-se que esta pesquisa possa contribuir do ponto de vista qualitativo, para a análise do mapa da indústria no início do século XXI, tendo como referência a reflexão das cidades pequenas em relação à questão industrial / Abstract: This dissertation is based in small cities located in the Tenth Administrative Area of Presidente Prudente-SP, and it focuses on the geographical territorial dimension analysis of industry within economical context in São Paulo state. The produced space gets additional economical factors. Understanding the arrangement of articulations built around industrial issues of certain region is sine qua non condition for reflecting on the transformations that directly or indirectly happen in the world of job, finances, and milieu techno-scientificinformational, among others. Facing these processes, the debate is linked to the need of widening, in Geography, the discussion about small cities and, mainly, it will be intended to look at the dimension of these centers in the context of the capitalist scene of São Paulo estate. Emphasis will be given to the analysis of the main industrial segments. It is understood that the study of certain geographical particularities should also appear in this exam in a deeper way. And because of this the region of Presidente Prudente was chosen. It is expected that this research could contribute, from the qualitative point of view, to the analysis of the industrial map in the beginning of the twenty first century, taking the reflection about small cities in relation to industrial issues as a reference / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cocco_rg_me_prud.pdf: 3493943 bytes, checksum: 911531790f21b7cef3055af5eef6ed5a (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente dissertação objetiva uma reflexão sobre o transporte público coletivo das cidades de Bauru, Marília e Presidente, no Estado de São Paulo, a partir da análise dos elementos concretos que de modo combinado atuam na geração de profundas desigualdades de acesso à cidade, prejudicando as várias categorias de interações espaciais e, por conseguinte, a própria cidade enquanto condição geral de produção e condição geral de reprodução social. Estas cidades se destacam regionalmente pelos papéis intermediários que assumem na rede urbana paulista, bem como pela proeminência dos setores comerciais e de serviços. Contudo, também mostram indícios da negligência histórica do Estado no que se refere à oferta de serviços de utilidade pública de qualidade. As novas dinâmicas da economia brasileira, trazendo novíssimas demandas por produtividade e versatilidade por parte dos trabalhadores, torna imperiosa a melhoria da qualidade dos serviços de utilidade pública voltados à reprodução ampliada da força de trabalho e entre estes do transporte público coletivo. O transporte público coletivo por ônibus exige infraestruturas específicas e adaptação de infraestruturas de circulação para que a máxima eficiência das interações espaciais seja alcançada, devido ao conflito no espaço viário com os veículos privados... / This dissertation aims at discussing the public transportation in the cities of Bauru, Marília and Presidente Prudente in the State of São Paulo, from the analysis of concrete elements that interact on the creation of deep inequalities in access to the city, what damages the various categories of spatial interactions and, as a consequence, impairs the town itself as a general condition of production and general condition of social reproduction. These towns stand out regionally by the intermediary role that they assume in the urban network in São Paulo, as well as their prominence in the trade and service sectors. There is also evidence, however, of historical negligence of the state regarding the provision of high quality public services. The new dynamics of the Brazilian economy, bringing new demands for productivity and versatility of workers, makes it imperative to improve the quality of public services directed to the expanded reproduction of the workforce and, among these, the public transportation. The public transportation by bus requires specific infrastructure and the adaptation of movement infrastructure in order to guarantee that the highest efficiency of spatial interactions is achieved, given congestion of the road space by private vehicles... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:26:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_pfj_me_prud.pdf: 3031688 bytes, checksum: 2205a3a074ba16ed6c2180dc8855a6c1 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Esta dissertação baseia-se em um recorte espacial centrado nas cidades pequenas da Décima Região Administrativa de Presidente Prudente-SP e tem como foco de contribuição a análise da dimensão territorial geográfica da indústria, no contexto econômico do interior paulista. O espaço produzido é acrescido por fatores econômicos na contemporaneidade, e compreender o arranjo de articulações arquitetadas em torno da questão industrial de determinada região é condição sine qua non para a reflexão das transformações que incidem direta ou indiretamente no mundo do trabalho, das finanças, do meio-técnico-científico-informacional, entre outros. Diante desses processos, o debate está ligado à necessidade de ampliar, na Geografia, a discussão das cidades pequenas e, aqui, especialmente, atentar-se-á para a dimensão desses centros no âmbito da “arena” capitalista do interior paulista, com ênfase na análise dos principais segmentos da indústria. Com esse intuito, entende-se que o estudo de determinadas particularidades geográficas também deve constar neste exame de maneira mais aprofundada e por esse motivo, elegeu-se a região administrativa de Presidente Prudente. Nesse sentido, espera-se que esta pesquisa possa contribuir do ponto de vista qualitativo, para a análise do mapa da indústria no início do século XXI, tendo como referência a reflexão das cidades pequenas em relação à questão industrial / This dissertation is based in small cities located in the Tenth Administrative Area of Presidente Prudente-SP, and it focuses on the geographical territorial dimension analysis of industry within economical context in São Paulo state. The produced space gets additional economical factors. Understanding the arrangement of articulations built around industrial issues of certain region is sine qua non condition for reflecting on the transformations that directly or indirectly happen in the world of job, finances, and milieu techno-scientificinformational, among others. Facing these processes, the debate is linked to the need of widening, in Geography, the discussion about small cities and, mainly, it will be intended to look at the dimension of these centers in the context of the capitalist scene of São Paulo estate. Emphasis will be given to the analysis of the main industrial segments. It is understood that the study of certain geographical particularities should also appear in this exam in a deeper way. And because of this the region of Presidente Prudente was chosen. It is expected that this research could contribute, from the qualitative point of view, to the analysis of the industrial map in the beginning of the twenty first century, taking the reflection about small cities in relation to industrial issues as a reference

Spatial interactions considerably influence complex geographic organisation and the shaping of settlement structures, explaining and describing the importance of interrelationships in the landscape sphere on all scale levels. This is why they are called one of the crucial general terms of geography. When it comes to this topic, the biggest emphasis on it is primarily laid in the study of transport as well as transport networks that we can consider the main support for interactions. The topic of evaluation of spatial interactions or, if defined narrowly, of transport relationships, is characteristic due to its important interdisciplinary nature because the questions of interrelatedness of individual centres and their needs in the context of transport offer are dealt with by transport engineering fields, economic fields, land-use planning specialists, etc. Similarly to other spheres of social and economic geography, where this occurred earlier, present-day geography of transport is undergoing a change in the form of a variety of methodological approaches, "internal" specification of a more detailed delineation of the subject of study and new application challenges. As a rule, the topic of intensity and nature of transport relationships is associated with quantitative methods of cognition of the...

Cette thèse étudie le rôle des institutions dans la compréhension du processus de déforestation dans les pays en développement. L'approche retenue est celle de la nouvelle économie institutionnelle qui définit les institutions comme le cadre incitatif d'une économie, qui structure les interactions économiques des individus. Le cadre institutionnel est donc un élément à part entière du système économique, qui agit sur l'environnement humain à travers la modulation des incitations des agents. A ce titre, les institutions jouent donc un rôle majeur dans le processus de conservation ou de conversion des forêts. L'analyse de ce rôle est la problématique centrale de cette thèse et s'articule autour de trois grandes parties: (1) le rôle de la persistance des institutions ou rôle de l'histoire dans la compréhension de celui des institutions, (2) le rôle de la demande de bonne gouvernance, et (3) le rôle des institutions comme élément catalytique conditionnant l'effet de causes plus directes de la déforestation. La première partie conclut sur le rôle majeur de la prise en compte des legs légaux et coloniaux pour expliquer l' effet des institutions sur la déforestation. La seconde partie explique le rôle majeur de la demande de bonne gouvernance pour préserver la forêt, en étant un substitut (complément) d'une mauvaise (bonne) offre de bonne gouvernance. Enfin, la troisième partie de la thèse suggère de comprendre les institutions comme un facteur catalytique de la déforestation qui permet de comprendre l' effet des causes directes de celle-Ci telles que la productivité agricole des fermes de l'Amazonie Légale, ou les comportements stratégiques entre communes du Paraná dans la création de parcs municipaux. / This thesis investigates the role of institutions on deforestation within the framework of the New Institutional Economics. This theory states that institutions can be defined such as the incentive systm wich shape economic interactions throughout the modulations of the incentives of agents. This way, institutions are at stake in the process of deforestation and the analysis of this role is the core of this thesis, articulated around three parts : the role of institutional persistence (1), the importance of the deman for good governance (2) and the implications of institutions and governance system as an underlying framework shaping proximate causes of deforestation (3). The first part stresses the importance of taking into account colonial and legal legacies to understand the role of institutions on deforestation. The second part explains the leading role of the demand for good governance. the third part proposes two micro-Economics applications in Brazil. The role of institutions and governance systmem on forest cover is defined as a catalytic role precipitating the effect of proximate causes on deforestation such as agricultural productivity in the Legal Amazon, or strategic behaviors between counties in the creation of municipal conservation units in the state of Paranà.

Management and planning of transportation is becoming more important in terms of continuously growing intensity of spatial interactions, which are still mostly realized through transport networks. That's why we can deal with this specific problem of transportation geography using for example spatial interactions modeling. The general aim of the thesis is modeling of spatial interactions and their subsequent comparison with real flows by using calibration in order to predicate the future value of flows taking the planned changes in the transport network in consideration. The main tool used to achieve the goal of the thesis is the gravity model which was applied on the example of regional capitals in the Czech Republic. Based on accomplishments we may say, that centers with lower significance of monitored relations are characterized by further location towards most centers, small number of inhabitants, low intensity of model interactions and lower values of transport intensities with neighboring centers. With the center growth itself, its range of interactions with other centers grows as well. Key Words: spatial interactions modeling, gravity model, model interaction, transport intensity, regional capitals

In this thesis we develop several kinds of latent variable models in order to address three types of bio-statistical problem. The three problems are the treatment effect of carcinogens on tumour development, spatial interactions between plant species and motor unit number estimation (MUNE). The three types of data looked at are: highly heterogeneous longitudinal count data, quadrat counts of species on a rectangular lattice and lastly, electrophysiological data consisting of measurements of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) area and amplitude. Chapter 1 sets out the structure and the development of ideas presented in this thesis from the point of view of: model structure, model selection, and efficiency of estimation. Chapter 2 is an introduction to the relevant literature that has in influenced the development of this thesis. In Chapter 3 we use the EM algorithm for an application of an autoregressive hidden Markov model to describe longitudinal counts. The data is collected from experiments to test the effect of carcinogens on tumour growth in mice. Here we develop forward and backward recursions for calculating the likelihood and for estimation. Chapter 4 is the analysis of a similar kind of data using a more sophisticated model, incorporating random effects, but estimation this time is conducted from the Bayesian perspective. Bayesian model selection is also explored. In Chapter 5 we move to the two dimensional lattice and construct a model for describing the spatial interaction of tree types. We also compare the merits of directed and undirected graphical models for describing the hidden lattice. Chapter 6 is the application of a Bayesian hierarchical model (MUNE), where the latent variable this time is multivariate Gaussian and dependent on a covariate, the stimulus. Model selection is carried out using the Bayes Information Criterion (BIC). In Chapter 7 we approach the same problem by using the reversible jump methodology (Green, 1995) where this time we use a dual Gaussian-Binary representation of the latent data. We conclude in Chapter 8 with suggestions for the direction of new work. In this thesis, all of the estimation carried out on real data has only been performed once we have been satisfied that estimation is able to retrieve the parameters from simulated data. Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), carcinogens, hidden Markov models (HMM), latent variable models, longitudinal data analysis, motor unit disease (MND), partially ordered Markov models (POMMs), the pseudo auto- logistic model, reversible jump, spatial interactions.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work presents the synthesis of three series of trifluoromethylated heterocycles by using ultrasound irradiation, nomely pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, 2,4- difluorophenylpyrazoles and pentafluorophenylpyrazoles. The reactions were performed between trifluoromethylated enones ([CF3C(O)CH=C(R)(OMe], where R = Me, Bu, i-Bu, Ph, 4-MeC6H4, 4-FC6H4, 4-ClC6H4, 4-BrC6H4, 4-IC6H4, thien-2-yl, naphthyl and biphenyl) with three different nucleophiles, nomely (3)(5)-amine-(5)(3)- methylpyrazole, 2,4-difluorophenylhydrazine hydrochloride and pentafluorophenylhydrazine. The trifluoromethylated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines were obtained within 5 minutes, giving yields of 61-98 %. The series of 2,4- difluorophenylpyrazoles was obtained in good yields (54-85 %) within 15 minutes by acidifying the reaction medium with PTSA. In the case of the pentafluorophenylpyrazoles, two steps were needed: Firtly the respective 4,5- dihydropentafluorophenylpyrazoles were synthesised and then subsequently submitted to dehydration reactions using PTSA for 15 minutes, giving yields of 54-81 %. The synthesized compounds were identified by 1H and 13C, and by 19F NMR spectroscopy in the some case, mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. In some cases homo/heteronuclear spatial interactions involving fluorine atoms have been useful for confirming the identity of the obtained isomer. Another part of this tesis was the synthesis of four mechanically interlocked molecules. Two [2]rotaxanes carrying an ester group in the macrocycle unity were synthesized by using two threads (fumaramide and succinamide derivatives). Once synthesized these [2]rotaxanes were submmited to hydrolysis reactions to give [2]rotaxanes with acid carboxilic group. These macromolecules were synthesized aiming at the formation of MOFs (metal organic frameworks). The synthesis of this compound was carried out by using copper (II) and [2]rotaxane derivative fumaramide. This product was identified by X-ray diffractometry. / Este trabalho apresenta a síntese de três séries de heterociclos trifluorometilados, utilizando irradiação de ultrassom (pirazolo[1,5-a]pirimidinas, 2,4-difluorofenilpirazóis e pentafluorofenilpirazóis). As reações foram realizadas entre enonas trifluorometiladas ([CF3C(O)CH=C(R)(OMe], onde R = Me, Bu, i-Bu, Ph, 4-Me-C6H4, 4-F-C6H4, 4-Cl-C6H4, 4-Br-C6H4, 4-I-C6H4, tien-2-il, bifen-2-il e naftil) e três dinucleófilos diferentes 3-amino-5-metilpirazol, cloridrato de 2,4-difluorofenilhidrazina e pentafluorofenilhidrazina. As pirazolo[1,5-a]pirimidinas trifluorometiladas foram obtidas em 5 minutos de reação com rendimentos de 61-98 %. A série de 2,4- difluorofenilpirazóis foi obtida, acidificando-se o meio de reação com APTS em 15 minutos de reação, e obtendo-se bons rendimentos (54-85 %) no processo. No caso dos pentafluorofenilpirazóis, foram necessárias duas etapas de reação: a primeira a síntese de 4,5-di-idropentafluorofenilpirazóis, e seguida de posterior reação de desidratação utilizando APTS em 15 minutos de reação, obtendo-se produtos com rendimentos de 54-81 %. Após a síntese desses compostos, os mesmos foram identificados por técnicas de RMN de 1H e 13C e de 19F, em alguns casos, espectrometria de massas e difratometria de raios-X. Em alguns casos, através de RMN, foi possível observar interações espaciais do tipo homo/heteronuclear envolvendo átomos de flúor, úteis na confirmação do isômero obtido. Em outra etapa deste trabalho foi desenvolvida a síntese de quatro moléculas mecanicamente entrelaçadas. Foram sintetizados dois [2]rotaxanos com grupamento éster no macrociclo, utilizando dois filamentos lineares (derivados da fumaramida de succinamida). Após a síntese desses [2]rotaxanos, foi realizada a reação de hidrólise dos grupamentos ésteres do macrociclo em grupamento ácidos. Essas macromoléculas foram sintetizadas visando à formação dos MOFs (Redes de metais orgânicas). A síntese desse composto foi realizada utilizando cobre (II) e o [2]rotaxano derivado da fumaramida. Esse produto foi identificado através de difratometria de Raios-X.