The purpose of the study is to investigate how Visit Sweden has chosen to work with the moose as a symbol targeting the international market. The study was based on an image analysis of Visit Sweden's website and an interview study with Visit Sweden content strategist. A comparison was then made between the different empirical results to find similarities and differences between how Visit Sweden works with the moose as a symbol and how it is actually produced. The results show that they make the moose through two different angles which includes a humorous angle and a majestic. The humorous angle exists for creating a divisible material, distinguishes themself from other countries that also have moose. The majestic angle are used as a means of transmitting Swedish nature. The results show that these two angles do not interact and there is an uncertainty about how Visit Sweden really wants to work with the moose as a symbol and thus also in its marketing strategy.

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Kunskap kring logistik och dess ekonomiska betydelse för organisationer har växt avsevärt de senaste årtionden. Logistik ses numera som en framgångsfaktor och bidrar genom effektiva informations- och materialflöden till en organisations konkurrenskraft. Organisationer strävar efter lönsamhet genom att bemöta det marknaden efterfrågar och inte sällan är utnyttjandegraden på maskiner nära 100 procent. Detta bidrar till ökat slitage och ställer höga krav på en väl fungerande förrådsverksamhet som underlättar det löpande underhållet genom tillförseln av reservdelar och förslitningskomponenter.   Studien syftar till att inom industriell förrådsverksamhet undersöka om materialöverlämning vid disk är effektivt samt redogöra för faktorer för effektiva materialflöden.     För att redogöra för hur en materialdisk bidrar till ett effektivt materialflöde har processens aktiviteter kartlagts och genom arbetsmätning tidsbestämts. För att utveckla kunskap rörande faktorer som påverkar materialflöden har benchmarking, intervjuer och observationer genomförts. Empirin har analyserats med hjälp av en litteraturgranskning beståendes av tidigare forskning.   Vid kartläggning av materialdisken framkom det att den är resurskrävande och bidrar inte till ett effektivt materialflöde. Studien visar på hur antalet betjäningstillfällen kan reduceras med hjälp av reservationer, kitting, reducering av icke-kritiska artiklar i förrådet, EDI och självbetjäning. För att möjliggöra självbetjäning presenterar studien stödjande faktorer i form av, materialrekvisition, god visualisering, streckkoder, handskanning och övervakning.   Studien presenterar faktorer som bidrar till ett effektivt materialflöde inom industriell förrådsverksamhet i form av materialbehovsplanering baserad på kritikalitetsanalys, uppdaterade ledtider och transparent informationsflöde.  Studiens implikationer till fallföretaget är materialdiskens konsumerade tid som uppgick till 82,5 timmar per månad med tillhörande kostnad på ungefär 300 000 kronor per år. Slutligen presenteras ett identifierat teoretiskt gap då tidigare utförd forskning främst riktar sig mot materialflöden inom produktion. Framtida forskning bör behandla materialbehovsplanering och materialflöden ur ett förråds perspektiv.   Nyckelord: Logistik, arbetsmätning, benchmarking, effektiva materialflöden / Knowledge about logistics and its economic importance for organizations has grown considerably in the recent decades. Logistics has been seen as a factor for a business success and contributes through effective information- and material flow to an organization's competitiveness. Organizations strive for profitability by responding to market demand and maximizing the machines utilization. This leads to early wear and tear of the machines, which then demands efficient storage operations that facilitate ongoing maintenance by supplying spare parts and components. The purpose of the study is to investigate the efficiency of material delivery at disk and seek to explain the factors that contribute to efficient material flows in an industrial storage operation. The process's activities are mapped through time and motion study, benchmarking, interviews and observations are conducted to develop the knowledge about the factors affecting the material flow. The empirical data is analysed with the help of a literature review. While mapping the material disk, it was found that it is a resource-intensive work and does not contribute to an efficient material flow. This study shows that how the number of services can be minimized by means of reservations, kitting, and reduction of non-critical items in the storage, EDI and self-service.   To enable self-service, this study presents the supporting factors, like material requisition, good visualization, barcodes, manual scanning and monitoring. This study presents the factors that contribute to an effective material flow in an industrial storage operations, for instance. The study's contribution to the case company is the consumed time of the material disk which amounted to 82.5 hours per month with an associated cost of approximately 300,000 SEK per year. Finally, the theoretical gap related to material flow within production is presented. Future research should address material planning and material flows from a storage perspective.   Keywords: Logistics, time and motion study, benchmarking, effective material flow.

Idag har logistik en stor betydelse för företag. Behovet av att ständigt arbeta med förbättringar ocheffektivitet har ökat. Hur företag väljer att utföra sina transporter har en stor betydelse för företagetslönsamhet och effektivitet. En stor utmaning för företag är att avgöra vilka logistiska verktyg ochnyckeltal som ska användas.Syftet med denna studie är att effektivisera ett containerflöde ur ett logistiskt perspektiv.Metodiken i denna studie har varit en kombination av kvalitativ samt kvantitativ tillvägagångssätt. Denkvalitativa sidan innefattar observationer och intervjuer. Detta har använts i syfte att ta frammaterialflödesschema och processflödesschema. Den kvantitativa sidan innefattar erhållen data frånfallföretaget som har använts till att ta fram nyckeltal. Teori har även samlats in genom litteratur ochvetenskapliga artiklar. Alla dessa moment har tillsammans bidragit till studiens resultat och analys.Ett av de mer tydliga resultat som framkom i denna studie var avsaknad av ruttplanering samt användningav nyckeltal på ett effektivt sätt. Denna studie visar att det finns ett antal sätt att gå vidare för atteffektivisera ett containerflöde. Det första är användning av flödesscheman för att få en helhetsbild avtransporterna. Detta gör att mer underliggande problem kommer upp till ytan. Ett annat sätt atteffektivisera i transporter är användning av nyckeltal. Nyckeltal kan hjälpa företag att få en merdjupgående syn i sin verksamhet och användning av nyckeltal ger dokumentation i form av mätvärden. Denyckeltal denna studie visat framkommer som utnyttjandegrad i form av tid och vikt samt fyllnadsgradensom syftar till utnyttjandet av volym i containrarna.Denna studie visar att det finns ett antal faktorer som spelar in när det kommer till effektivisering avcontainerflöde. Dessa faktorer sammanfattas som organisationell, det vill säga svårt att se helheten ochkommunikationsproblem mellan avdelningar, yttre faktorer exempelvis köbildningar på grund av trafikenoch användning av rätt nyckeltal. Det är även visat att de största faktorerna som bestämmer tiden förtransport är avstånd samt köbildningar i trafiken. Studien har identifierat ett antal förbättringsförslag tillfallföretaget. Ett av förslagen är implementering av ett ruttplaneringssystem vilket enligt teorin skulle ledatill 10 % kortare transportsträckor. / Today, logistics is of great importance to companies. The need to constantly work with improvements andefficiency has increased. How companies choose to carry out their transport is of great importance to thecompany's profitability and efficiency. A major challenge for companies is to determine which logisticstools and key performance indicators (KPI) are to use.The purpose of this study is to streamline a container flow from a logistical perspective.The methodology of this study has been a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thequalitative part includes observation and interviews that have been used to develop a material flowchartand a process flowcharts. While the quantitative part includes the obtained data from the case companythat has been used to generate KPI. Theory has also been collected through literature and scientificarticles. All of these elements have contributed to the results and analysis of this study.One of the more clear results found in this study was the lack of route planning and the use of KPI in aneffective way. This research has shown that there are a number of ways to proceed to streamline acontainer flow. The first is the use of flowcharts to get a overall picture of the transport. This allows moreunderlying problems to reach the surface. Another way of streamlining in transport is the use of KPI.These KPIs can help companies to gain a more in-depth view of its operations and use of these providesdocumentation in terms of measurement values. The KPIs this study shows is the utilization rate in termsof time and weight and the filling rate that aims at the use of volume in the containers.This study shows that there are a number of factors that matters when it comes to streamlining containerflow. These factors is summarized as organizational, ie difficulties to see the overall picture andcommunication problems between departments, external factors such as queues due to traffic and the useof correct KPI such as utilazation rate. It has also been shown that the biggest factors that determine thetime of transport are distance as well as queues in traffic. This study have identified a number ofimprovement proposals for the case company. One of the proposals is the implementation of a routeplanning system, which would according to theory lead to 10% shorter transport distances.

Although not an exclusive EU competence, spatial planning in European countries has been influenced by a variety of Union policies and initiatives. This phenomena, labeled as ‘Europeanisation’, is understood as a multi-faceted process of institutionalization of both formal (rules, standards) and informal (norms, concepts, ideas) Community provisions into national planning cultures. However, this process has not been limited to the EU member states only. Countries which have already obtained the official EU candidacy, as well as potential candidates, are also subject to influences coming from the Union. Spatial planning in candidate countries has been affected not only through formal requirements of the EU accession process, but also through other informal channels of Community influence, including different learning and knowledge exchange processes facilitated by the EU. The present study seeks to discover and account for evidence of Europeanisation of spatial planning in EU candidate countries on the example of Serbia and Bosnia & Herzegovina. In particular, it aims to analyse the ongoing change of spatial planning structures, instruments and discourses under the umbrella of European integration. The findings suggest that the EU has only nominally impacted domestic planning in candidate countries, often in relation to formal compliance with Union policies, and without veritable effects on planning practices and actual spatial development.

Purpose: The study has been performed in order to investigate the possibilities of visualizing customer value generated by Scania’s project portfolio. By designing a method able to visualize the customer value in the project portfolio, the aim is to make it easier to prioritize projects and to mediate the company's strategic goals to an operational level. Research questions: 1. How is customer value integrated into Scanias project portfolio management? 2. What challenges does property driven development cause at Scania? 3. How can a method be designed in order to visualize the customer value within Scanias project portfolio? Methodology: This master thesis has been performed as an abductive case study at Scania’s research and development division in Södertälje. A qualitative approach has been used where approximately 30 interviews has been the main source for primary data. In addition, secondary data extracted from internal documents has been used in order to understand the company specific context. Literature that addresses customer value and project portfolio management has guided the study. Findings: A method named “Earned Customer Value-GANTT” has been designed, which is able to estimate the future customer value within the project portfolio. By using this method, it is possible to manage the project portfolio with regard to what customer value the company want to deliver in the future. No other similar methods have been identified making it a new way to manage the portfolio. However, the method comes with a few challenges that are both company specific as well as general.

Bakgrund: Magnetresonanstomografi (MRI) har med sin bildkvalitet och detaljrikedom börjat bli ett alternativ till ultraljud som idag är ledande inom fosterdiagnostik. Tidigare forskning har studerat magnetfältets inverkan på fostret, denna inverkan har fortfarande inte kunnat bekräftas. Syfte: Syftet är att svara på evidensfrågan: Vad finns det för evidens för att MR-undersökningar på gravida kvinnor leder till fosterskada? Metod: Arbetet är en systematisk litteraturstudie som innehåller 13 vetenskapliga artiklar, som har sökts fram via olika databaser. Resultat: Ingen evidens för biologiska effekter eller hörselnedsättning kunde ses hos exponerade foster, dock gavs motstridiga resultat gällande gadolinium och värmeökning. Gadolinium kan ge NSF biverkningar och ökad risk för missfall. Värmeökning kan ske hos fostret om normal mode inte används och längre sekvenser körs. Det är osäkert vem av fostret och modern som uppnår högsta helkropps-SAR värdet. Slutsats: Resultatet av denna studie skall bejakas med försiktighet då resultaten visar olika och få studier har gjorts med högsta evidensvärdet. Alla 13 studier i detta arbete påpekar att mer forskning bör göras för att kunna säkerställa riskerna med MR på gravida.

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Introduction Through the ages, nuclear emergencies have scared us several times, and during these emergencies risks were often communicated through media. Sometimes, news would get distorted, amplified and cause confusion or other undesirable effects, which in turn might affect how people perceive the risks. The aim of this study was to analyze how media portrayed and communicated risks in Japan during the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in 2011, compared to Sweden, a country out of reach of direct risks. Methods Discourse analysis was considered the most suitable method for this study, since it can be used to reveal myths that are implicated in speech and other actions. A discourse analysis is not meant to clarify an objective reality, but how a reality is created. The analysis was conducted on articles published in newspapers in each country during the accident, 15 articles from The Japan Times (Japan) and 19 from Aftonbladet (Sweden). Results The results showed that the communication of risks was more instructive in The Japan Times, even if some of the information was changing and could be considered confusing. When it comes to feelings, The Japan Times mostly stayed away from vidid and dramatic messages, while this was more common in Aftonbladet. Discussion and conclusions In the discussion, it was found that the most prominent resemblance was lacking information as a result of potential lack of knowledge among journalists. The way the newspapers presented the risks differed, The Japan Times had a quite composed approach while Aftonbladet dramatized the event more extensively. Both newspapers used statements from officials and authorities, which might have contributed to framing. For further research on media’s role during a nuclear disaster, it might be of interest to look at solutions for how experts and journalists can work closer together to communicate the risks accurately, as well as taking the political stance aspect into consideration.