Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Orientador: Jefferson Sidney Camacho / Banca: Rogério de Oliveira Rodrigues / Banca: Paulo César Primo Agostinho / Resumo: Atualmente, a construção em alvenaria estrutural toma como base para determinação da resistência das paredes, a resistência de corpos-de-prova prismáticos, constituídos por dois blocos. Este tipo de ensaio é especificado por norma, mas apresenta problemas já bastante conhecidos, como a alteração do valor de sua resistência devido ao confinamento causado pelos pratos da prensa. Esta mesma norma também especifica o ensaio de paredes em tamanho real, que são tão onerosos e de difícil execução, que são poucos os laboratórios capazes de realizá-los. Para complementar as indicações feitas pela norma brasileiras, os laboratórios de pesquisa utilizam outros tipos de corpo-de-prova, como o prisma de três blocos, que atende às necessidades de praticidade sem apresentar a inconveniência da alteração no valor de sua resistência devido ao confinamento pelos pratos da prensa. Mas este corpo-de-prova ainda está longe de representar fielmente a alvenaria final, sendo sua resistência maior que a da parede. Com o presente trabalho deseja-se investigar, de forma ampla, a resistência à compressão e a deformação da alvenaria estrutural de blocos de concreto, utilizando-se de diferentes tipos de corpos-de-prova, compostos por blocos e argamassas de diferentes resistências. Foram utilizados dois tipos de blocos e quatro tipos de argamassas. Estas últimas podem ser divididas, segundo à sua origem, em mistas e industrializadas. Para analisar a influência do tipo de argamassa, foi definido que uma das argamassas industrializadas tivesse resistência próxima a de uma das mistas. Os corpos-de-prova utilizados foram: prisma de dois blocos, prisma de três blocos, painel de (45x60) cm, painel de (90x100) cm e parede de (90x240) cm. Portanto, foram realizadas várias séries de ensaio, com a combinação dos três fatores condicionantes: geometria do corpo-de-prova, resistência... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Currently, the strength of the structural masonry is based on the strength of prismatic specimens, built by two blocks. This type of test is specified by a Brazilian standard, but it presents some problems, such as the alteration of its strength value due to the confinement caused by the machine plates. The same standard also specifies the test of walls in real size, but they are too expensive and its execution is very difficult, so few laboratories are able to carry them out. Trying to attenuate such reality, research centers use other types of specimens, such as the prism of three blocks, which is easy to build and doesn't present the inconvenience of the alteration of its strength value due to the confinement caused by the machine plates. But this kind of specimen is still far from representing, satisfactorily, the masonry: its strength is quite bigger than the masonry one. In this context, the present work aim to investigate, widely, the compressive strength and the deformation of the concrete structural masonry, using different types of specimens, built by blocks and mortars with different strengths. Two types of blocks and four types of mortars were used. These last ones can be divided, according to its origin, in mixing and industrialized. In order to analyze the influence of the type of mortar, it was defined that the strength of one of the industrialized mortar had to be next to one of the mixing. The specimens used were: prism of two blocks, prism of three blocks, panel of (45x60) cm, panel of (90x100) cm and wall of (90x240) cm. Therefore, many series of tests were carried out, with the combination of the three factors: type of specimen, block strength and mortar strength. The results were compared with values found in literature in order to conclude new trends or to reaffirm old theories about the efficiency interval of concrete structural masonry. The deformation was... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de procedimentos para a medição de curvas de resistência J-R em espécimes SE(T) usando os métodos de flexibilidade elástica e método n. Uma descrição da metodologia sobre a qual J e o crescimento de trinca são medidos estabelece o contexto para determinar dados de resistência ao rasgamento dúctil com o emprego de curvas carga vs. deslocamento obtidas experimentalmente. A extensiva matriz de análises em estado plano de deformações de espécimes SE(T) complementada, em algumas geometrias selecionadas, com análises 3D permite a determinação numérica da flexibilidade adimensional, u, e fatores nJ e Y para uma grande faixa de proporções geométricas e propriedades de material características de aços estruturais e para dutos. Ensaios laboratoriais de um aço API 5L X60 à temperatura ambiente usando espécimes SE(T) carregados por pinos com entalhes laterais (side-grooves) fornecem os dados de carga e deslocamento necessários para validar o procedimento para determinar curvas de resistência do material. Os resultados apresentados nesta tese fornecem uma base de soluções para o futuro estabelecimento de norma padronizada para a medição experimental de curvas J-R em corpos de prova SE(T) mecanicamente similares a dutos com defeitos bidimensionais. / This work provides an estimation procedure to determine J-resistance curves for pinloaded and clamped SE(T) fracture specimens using the unloading compliance technique and the n-method. A summary of the methodology upon which J and crack extension are derived sets the necessary framework to determine crack resistance data from the measured load vs. displacement curves. The extensive plane-strain analyses and key 3D results enable numerical estimates of the nondimensional compliance, u , and parameters n and Y for a wide range of specimen geometries and material properties characteristic of structural and pipeline steels. Laboratory testings of an API 5L X60 steel at room temperature using pin-loaded SE(T) specimens with side-grooves provide the load-displacement data needed to validate the estimation procedure for measuring the crack growth resistance curve for the material. The results presented in the this thesis produce a representative set of solutions which lend further support to develop standard test procedures for constraint-designed SE(T) specimens applicable in measurements of crack growth resistance for pipelines.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:42:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:01:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este trabalho é um estudo arqueométrico interdisciplinar envolvendo material cerâmico arqueológico da Amazônia Central, proveniente de dois sítios de grandes dimensões, Lago Grande e Osvaldo, na região de confluência dos rios Negro e Solimões. Procurou-se testar a hipótese de uma rede de trocas entre os antigos habitantes desses sítios, focando em trocas materiais e/ou tecnológicas. Essa hipótese tem implicações para teorias de ocupação da Amazônia Central pré-colonial que procuram relativizar o papel das dificuldades ambientais da floresta tropical como fator limitante para a emergência da complexidade social na região. A caracterização físico-química de fragmentos cerâmicos e argilas próximas aos sítios foi realizada por meio de: análise por ativação com nêutrons instrumental (INAA) para determinação da composição química elementar; espectroscopia de ressonância paramagnética eletrônica (EPR) para determinação da temperatura de queima; difração de raios X (XRD) para determinação da composição mineralógica; e datação de cerâmicas por luminescência opticamente estimulada (OSL). Estudos mostraram que a área dos sítios foi ocupada por culturas produtoras das fases cerâmicas Manacapuru e Paredão, da Tradição Borda Incisa, em torno dos séculos V-X d.C. e VII-XII d.C., respectivamente. Os resultados de INAA foram analisados por métodos estatísticos multivariados, que possibilitaram definir dois grupos químicos de cerâmicas para cada sítio, para os quais não se observaram variações significativas na temperatura de queima e composição mineralógica. A partir do cruzamento com dados arqueológicos, a superposição entre pares de grupos foi interpretada como correlata da existência de uma rede de trocas pretérita, embora não tenha sido possível definir se ela teria ocorrido apenas entre Lago Grande e Osvaldo. Pelo contrário, sugeriu-se, pela comparação de dois grupos químicos de cerâmicas, que Lago Grande participava de uma rede mais extensa de trocas. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP / FAPESP: 10/07659-0

Entre 1894 e 1916, período em que esteve sob a gestão do zoólogo Hermann von Ihering, o Museu Paulista conseguiu reunir coleções de dimensão considerável, que englobavam objetos pertinentes às diferentes disciplinas às quais a instituição se dedicava. Por meio dessas coleções, o Museu pôde produzir e veicular conhecimentos sobre a natureza e o homem sul-americano. Embora intrínsecos à prática da História Natural, a reunião e uso de coleções podem ser problematizados e investigados com algum grau de profundidade, trazendo à tona dimensões insuspeitas da história dos museus e das ciências naturais. Sendo assim, objetiva-se, nesta dissertação, investigar aspectos de processos de aquisição e uso de coleções de História Natural praticados no Museu Paulista de Ihering. Pretende-se, dessa forma, contribuir para a compreensão do que foram a implantação e o desenvolvimento do primeiro museu público do estado de São Paulo. Mais do que isso, almeja-se entender o papel central reservado aos espécimes científicos na produção e veiculação de conhecimentos sobre a natureza sul-americana. Para tanto, examinaremos as principais etapas envolvidas na curadoria das coleções: a aquisição de objetos, sua mobilização para produção de conhecimento e sua exibição no âmbito das exposições públicas / Between 1894 and 1916, the Museu Paulista was under the management of the zoologist Hermann von Ihering. During this period, the museum gathered collections of considerable size, which encompassed objects concerning to different disciplines. Through these collections, the Museum was able to produce and communicate knowledge about the nature and the man of South America. Gather and use collections are procedures intrinsic to the practice of Natural History. However, they may be deeply investigated, bringing out unsuspected dimensions of the history of museums and natural sciences. This dissertation aims to investigate the acquisition and use of collections of Natural History in the Museu Paulista of Ihering. We intend, therefore, to contribute to the understanding of the development of the first public museum in the state of São Paulo. More than that, we aim to understand the central role of scientific specimens in the production and communication of knowledge about the South American nature. To do so, we will examine the major steps involved in curating the collections: the acquisition of objects, its mobilization for the production of knowledge and its display in the public exhibitions. Keywords: material culture; collections; scientific specimens; Museu Paulista; Hermann von Ihering

This thesis deals with the preference of pupils at secondary schools (gymnasia) for different types of teaching aids in zoology education. The main objective was to determine whether the pupils rate educational models as more attractive than the real zoological preserved specimens and whether their preferences are related to their susceptibility to potentially phobic stimuli, realism of the object or whether preferences differ between the sexes. Selected models included entire animals as well as animal organs. The research was conducted at selected secondary schools (gymnasia) in Prague and Jablonec nad Nisou using a questionnaire and a preference test. Secondary school pupils and their biology teachers participated in this research. The realistic design of each object was assessed by researchers and students from the Faculty of Science Charles University using a scale questionnaire. The results showed that students rated the real zoological preserved specimens as more attractive compared to teaching models, with no dependence on whether the objects were entire or anatomical. Effect of gender on overall preference has not been showed; however, the boys had a tendency to evaluate generally unpopular organisms more positively than girls. No influence of susceptibility to potentially phobic stimuli,...

Magister Curationis - MCur / Everyday thousands of nurses are rendering bedside nursing care in health care settings as a result they are exposed to blood, body fluids and sharp objects that are contaminated with Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV. Therefore they are at risk of getting infected. In 1996, standard precautions were implemented by the Centre of Disease Control to reduce the risk of transmission of micro-organisms from any source of infection in the hospital. In the year 2008, the three tertiary hospitals together in the Western Cape reported that they had 733 needle prick injuries. Therefore the aim of the study was to determine if nurses comply with and have adequate knowledge of standard precautions. A non-experimental design and a self administered questionnaire were used to collect the data for the study. The study was done at Tygerberg Hospital and the participants (n=143) that were involved in the study were all nursing categories (professional, enrolled nurse and auxiliary nurse). Stratified random sampling was used to ensure that there was a representation of all the nurses working in the different modules at Tygerberg Hospital. Therefore three wards were randomly selected from each module and all the nurses on duty working in the three selected wards were given a questionnaire by the Assistant Director of the specific module. After the data was collected it was analysed through the statistical package for social sciences. The findings of the study showed that nurses have inadequate knowledge regarding standard precautions and the mean score of the nurses overall self reported compliance of standard precautions was 87.5%. The results also showed that when patients are HIV positive nurses intend to over comply the use of personal protective equipment. No association was found between the nurses knowledge and compliance regarding standard precautions. It is therefore important that every nurse should be educated about the basic principles of standard precautions and also the policies and protocols of infection control in order to prevent each nurse from getting infected. Training needs to be implemented starting in the wards through the unit manager to improve all the nurses knowledge and practice. / South Africa

The diploma thesis is focused on determining mechanical properties of alloys produced by powder metallurgy methods. Two alloys were studied, namely a highly entropic CrMnFeCoNi alloy and an oxide dispersion-strenthened FeAlO alloy. Both alloys were made in laboratory amount of test material and miniature test specimens were used to measure their mechanical properties. The main goal of the diploma thesis was to develop a crack preparation methodology, to examine and to evaluate the properties of miniature test specimens for materials with low levels of resilience. In the analytical part of the thesis, tensile and deformation properties and fracture toughness of both alloys were measured. For the highly-entropic CrMnFeCoNi alloy, the thesis focused on the effect of the strain rate on the properties of the alloy. For the oxide dispersion-strenthened FeAlO, the effect of temperature in the 23-600 °C temperature range on its mechanical properties was studied.

This diploma thesis deals with the automation of the electropolishing process, which is per-former as the last step in the preparation of metallographic samples intended for observation in an electron microscope. A complete hardware design of a single-purpose machine has been developed, which provides the automatic preperation of up to six samples per insertion. There was the design of a manipulator for sample handling together with chemically re-sistant sample holder suitable for automatic operation as a part of solution. The design of the whole machine was developed with regard to the safety of the operator. The thesis includes detailed 3D model of the device and the desing of an application for measurement in the LabVIEW. It describes the future working process of the machine, including a description of a software for controlling the machine and sending process data of each sample to the to the database in accordance with the principles of industry 4.0. In the conclusion, the achieved results and the proposal of further steps necessary for the realization of the machine are for-mulated.

No description available.