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The high performance method for obtaining an ARMA model spectral estimate of a wide-sense stationary time series has been found to provide typically superior performance when compared to such contemporary approaches as the Box-Jenkins and maximum entropy methods. In this dissertation, fast recursive algorithmic implementations of the high performance method are developed. They are recursive in the sense that as a new element of the time series is observed, the parameters characterizing an ARMA spectral estimate are algorithmically updated. The number of multiplications and additions required at each recursive stage are of the order p with p being the number of denominator coefficients of the ARMA model. Methods of modification of the data are applied to achieve a significant computational improvement. The development is predicated on utilization of various projection operators. / Ph. D.

This thesis summarizes a senior project on the Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) Markarian 421 (Mrk 421). Observations of Gev and TeV flux with Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) were compared with previous reports and publications of flux analyses of the gamma-ray emission from Mrk 421. Power laws with exponential cutoffs made consistent fits to most SEDs in the GeV and TeV bands.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 344-361).

Este trabalho fundamenta-se no desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de uma metodologia de proteção diferencial de Transformadores de Potência. A metodologia desenvolvida avalia eventos transitórios que dificultam a operação correta de relés diferenciais aplicados à proteção de transformadores. O estudo concentra-se no estabelecimento de contribuições ao estado da arte associadas à análise de sinais de corrente diferenciais geradas tanto por faltas internas e externas quanto por distúrbios transitórios. A concepção da metodologia proposta baseou-se na quantificação da energia espectral gerada a través dos coeficientes de detalhe da Transformada Wavelet Discreta. A metodologia de proteção proposta foi desenvolvida em ambiente MATLAB® e testada por meio de simulações realizadas através do software ATP/EMTP (Alternative Transients Program/Electromagnetic Transients Program). Os resultados da pesquisa mostram a aplicabilidade do algoritmo de proteção, mesmo nas condições mais adversas, como na ocorrência da saturação dos transformadores de corrente. / This work is based on the development and improvement of a methodology to differential protection of power transformer. The proposed methodology evaluates transient events that difficult the correct operation of differential relays applied to transformer protection. The study establishes contributions to the state of the art related to differential current analysis generated by internal and external faults and transient disturbance. The conception of the proposed methodology was based on the spectral energies variation generated by each event and calculated through the detail coefficient of Discrete Wavelet Transform. The proposed methodology was developed in MATLAB® environment and tested through several simulations performed with the ATP/EMTP software (Alternative Transients Program / Electromagnetic Transients Program). The results of the research show the applicability of the protection algorithms, even in adverse conditions, such as saturation of current transformers.

Este trabalho fundamenta-se no desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de uma metodologia de proteção diferencial de Transformadores de Potência. A metodologia desenvolvida avalia eventos transitórios que dificultam a operação correta de relés diferenciais aplicados à proteção de transformadores. O estudo concentra-se no estabelecimento de contribuições ao estado da arte associadas à análise de sinais de corrente diferenciais geradas tanto por faltas internas e externas quanto por distúrbios transitórios. A concepção da metodologia proposta baseou-se na quantificação da energia espectral gerada a través dos coeficientes de detalhe da Transformada Wavelet Discreta. A metodologia de proteção proposta foi desenvolvida em ambiente MATLAB® e testada por meio de simulações realizadas através do software ATP/EMTP (Alternative Transients Program/Electromagnetic Transients Program). Os resultados da pesquisa mostram a aplicabilidade do algoritmo de proteção, mesmo nas condições mais adversas, como na ocorrência da saturação dos transformadores de corrente. / This work is based on the development and improvement of a methodology to differential protection of power transformer. The proposed methodology evaluates transient events that difficult the correct operation of differential relays applied to transformer protection. The study establishes contributions to the state of the art related to differential current analysis generated by internal and external faults and transient disturbance. The conception of the proposed methodology was based on the spectral energies variation generated by each event and calculated through the detail coefficient of Discrete Wavelet Transform. The proposed methodology was developed in MATLAB® environment and tested through several simulations performed with the ATP/EMTP software (Alternative Transients Program / Electromagnetic Transients Program). The results of the research show the applicability of the protection algorithms, even in adverse conditions, such as saturation of current transformers.

Este trabalho fundamenta-se no desenvolvimento e aprimoramento de uma metodologia de proteção diferencial de Transformadores de Potência. A metodologia desenvolvida avalia eventos transitórios que dificultam a operação correta de relés diferenciais aplicados à proteção de transformadores. O estudo concentra-se no estabelecimento de contribuições ao estado da arte associadas à análise de sinais de corrente diferenciais geradas tanto por faltas internas e externas quanto por distúrbios transitórios. A concepção da metodologia proposta baseou-se na quantificação da energia espectral gerada a través dos coeficientes de detalhe da Transformada Wavelet Discreta. A metodologia de proteção proposta foi desenvolvida em ambiente MATLAB® e testada por meio de simulações realizadas através do software ATP/EMTP (Alternative Transients Program/Electromagnetic Transients Program). Os resultados da pesquisa mostram a aplicabilidade do algoritmo de proteção, mesmo nas condições mais adversas, como na ocorrência da saturação dos transformadores de corrente. / This work is based on the development and improvement of a methodology to differential protection of power transformer. The proposed methodology evaluates transient events that difficult the correct operation of differential relays applied to transformer protection. The study establishes contributions to the state of the art related to differential current analysis generated by internal and external faults and transient disturbance. The conception of the proposed methodology was based on the spectral energies variation generated by each event and calculated through the detail coefficient of Discrete Wavelet Transform. The proposed methodology was developed in MATLAB® environment and tested through several simulations performed with the ATP/EMTP software (Alternative Transients Program / Electromagnetic Transients Program). The results of the research show the applicability of the protection algorithms, even in adverse conditions, such as saturation of current transformers.

This thesis describes the analysis of Very High Energy (VHE) emission from the Active Galactic Nucleus PKS 0537-441. It also aims to put the results in a wider context by implementing previous work done on this source. The data chosen for the analysis is provided by the Fermi-LAT satellite and covers the energy range between 300 MeV and 300 GeV. Initially a lightcurve of the received flux from the source was generated, containing data from August 2008 to April 2017, with a mean flux of 4∗10−8 photons per second per squared centimeter. The lightcurve contained sections of different flux intensities giving periods of special interest, such as a flaring period at August 2008 to August 2011, an enormous flare at April 2010 and a less active period between April 2013 - January 2016 that could be identified for further investigations. The differences in observed flux over time was tested and PKS 0537-441 was found to be a significantly variable source. Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) analysis was performed over both the entire period as well as over the selected subperiods and fitted against models using the tools provided by the Fermi Science Support Center (FSSC). The models used in the fitting was PowerLaw2, LogParabola and PLSuperExpCutoff and the best fit for the data was obtained from the PLSuperExpCutoff, except for the less intense period where the LogParabola gave the best fit. The result from the SED analysis was integrated with results from previous work done on the source, ranging over multiple wavelengths in order to get a SED which spanned over the entire electromagnetic spectrum. Finally, modeling of this multi wavelength SED was performed in order to obtain parameters for the physical processes involved in the creation of the radiation received from PKS 0537-441.

<p>In order to understand how waves influence the exchange of momentum, latent heat and other parameters, between the ocean surface and the atmosphere, one can use models. A coupling between a wave model and an atmospheric regional climate model, for the Baltic Sea, will be performed at the Meteorology Institute in Uppsala University. The wave model is a state of the art, third generation wave model called WAM.</p><p>The new version of the WAM model (cycle 4) needs to be validated. The aim of this thesis is to perform this validation and also to investigate what meteorological forcing one should use to achieve best results. Two different types of forcing are analyzed, ERA40 reanalysis and the RCA climate model. In order to do this, observations from six different buoys in the Baltic Sea will be compared with the model output from WAM. The parameters that will be compared in this study are significant wave height, direction and peak period.</p><p>A consistent phenomenon for all the buoys is a slightly overestimation by the model of what the rate of this increases with increasing wave height. If one compares the model output when WAM are forced with the RCA climate model and when it is forced with ERA40 reanalysis, the differences between them are notable but not large. ERA40 is slightly better.</p><p>Significant wave height is quite good and gives a reasonably result. Some buoys and periods are better and some are worse. There are some differences for the significant wave height between the east coast and the west coast of Sweden, when forcing the model with RCA. It is slightly better on the west coast. On the contrary, the results from ERA40 are very coherent. The quality of the hindcast for the direction and the peak period, in contrast to the significant wave height, is not that good. The results are not bad, but it only gives a rough picture of the sea state.</p>