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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
351

Estudo comparativo do acometimento medular entre a mielite transversa aguda idiopática e a neuromielite óptica / Comparative study of spinal cord involvement between idiopathic acute transverse myelitis and neuromyelitis optica

Feitoza, Pablo Vinícius Silveira 22 July 2016 (has links)
Introdução: A mielite transversa aguda é uma lesão inflamatória da medula espinhal, expressa por acometimento dos sistemas sensitivo, motor e autonômico. Entidade nosológica que pode representar um episódio de doença desmielinizante primária do sistema nervoso central e determina grande grau de incapacidade funcional. Objetivo: Caracterizar os aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais e de imagem que permitam distinguir o padrão de acometimento medular da mielite transversa aguda idiopática (MTAi) e a neuromielite óptica (NMO). Casuística e métodos: Estudo de casos e controles, retrospectivo, comparativo entre indivíduos com critérios diagnósticos para MTAi e NMO. Admitindo-se como dados estatisticamente significantes p < 0,05. Resultados: Foram incluídos 33 pacientes divididos em dois grupos, sendo 16 pacientes com o diagnóstico de MTAi e 17 pacientes com NMO. A evolução ao nadir deficitário foi de 6,25 ± 3,87 e 10 ± 4,04 dias nos grupos MTAi e NMO, respectivamente. As escalas de funcionalidade Rankin modificada e EDSS modificada aplicadas à admissão e à alta diferiram entre os grupos denotando maior comprometimento pela MTAi (p=0,001). O número de pacientes com EDSS à alta <= 3 foi 10,06 + 4,15 e > 3 foi 6,41 + 3,82 (p=0,014). Houve maior comprometimento axial > 50% da medula na MTAi (p=0,001). A mielite recorreu em 79% dos casos de NMO, enquanto em apenas 25% da MTAi. O anticorpo antiaquaporina 4 (82,35%) e a neurite óptica (88,2%) apresentaram maior associação à NMO. Conclusão: A MTAi apresenta uma evolução mais precoce ao nadir deficitário clínico, maior comprometimento concomitante dos sistemas sensitivo, motor e esfincteriano, maior grau de incapacidade funcional, mais frequentemente curso monofásico, maior comprometimento axial medular e mais dor lombar comparativamente à NMO. Enquanto a NMO apresentou mais frequentemente mielite recorrente, maior positividade para anticorpo antiaquaporina 4 e episódios de neurite óptica. / Introduction: Acute transverse myelitis is an inflammatory injury of the spinal cord, expressed by involvement of sensory, motor and autonomic systems. This nosological entity may represent an episode of primary demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and result in high degree of disability. Objective: To characterize the clinical, laboratory and imaging that can distinguish the pattern of spinal cord involvement of idiopathic acute transverse myelitis (iATM) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Methods: Retrospective, cases and controls study, comparison between individuals with diagnostic criteria for iATM and NMO. Admitting statistically significant data p <0.05. Results: 33 patients were included divided into two groups, 16 patients diagnosed with MTAi and 17 patients with NMO. The evolution to deficit nadir was 6.25 ± 3.87 and 10 ± 4.04 days in iATM and NMO groups, respectively. The admission and outcome Rankin functionality scales modified and modified EDSS differed between the groups showing greater commitment by iATM (p = 0.001). The number of patients with outcome EDSS <= 3 was 10.06 + 4.15 and > 3 was 6,41 + 3,82 (p=0,014). There was a greater axial involvement > 50% of the spinal cord in iATM (p = 0.001). The myelitis recurred in 79% of cases of NMO, whereas in only 25% of iATM. The antiaquaporina antibody 4 (82.35%) and optic neuritis (88.2%) showed greater association with NMO. Conclusion: iATM presents an early clinical evolution to deficit nadir, higher concomitant compromise of sensitive, motor and sphincter systems, higher degree of disability, most often monophasic course, most spinal axial involvement and more back pain compared to NMO. Meanwhile, NMO presented more often recurrent myelitis, higher positivity for antiaquaporina antibody 4 and episodes of optic neuritis.
352

Respostas motoras durante a marcha com suspensão parcial de peso na esteira em indivíduos com lesão medular completa e incompleta / Motor responses during body weight support treadmill gait in individuals with complete and incomplete spinal cord injury

Roberta Caveiro Gaspar 13 March 2018 (has links)
Introdução: A Locomoção tem como uma das características básicas a ritmicidade. Entre os mecanismos que envolvem seu controle destaca-se o conceito de um gerador de padrão central (GPC) capaz de gerar atividades neurais e musculares rítmicas. A técnica de treino locomotor com suspensão de peso na esteira (TLSP) utiliza esse conceito e emerge como uma estratégia terapêutica efetiva após a lesão medular (LM) em humanos em função do alto nível de automatismo do sistema nervoso, podendo ser esperadas diferentes respostas em lesões completas e incompletas. Portanto, uma análise detalhada das respostas biomecânicas obtidas durante o TLSP pode servir como base para compreensão do controle neural da locomoção humana. Objetivos: Caracterizar, a partir de parâmetros biomecânicos, a marcha com suspensão parcial de peso e assistência manual em indivíduos com lesões medulares completas e incompletas. Método: 40 indivíduos (20 com LM e 20 sem lesão) foram divididos em quatro grupos: Lesão Medular ASIA A (GLA), Lesão Medular ASIA B (GLB), Lesão Medular ASIA C e D (GLC) e Grupo Controle (GC) composto por sujeitos sem lesão. Durante o TLSP, ambos os grupos foram submetidos ao mesmo protocolo, com suspensão do peso corporal, duração total do treino e velocidades pré-definidas. Foram coletados dados de eletromiografia de superfície e a análise cinemática foi realizada por meio de 7 centrais inerciais. As análises foram realizadas por meio de análise de variância múltipla (MANOVA) Resultados: Em relação às variáveis cinemáticas o GC apresentou menor tempo de apoio em relação ao GLA não havendo diferenças entre os outros grupos com lesão medular. Quanto à ativação muscular o GLA e GLB apresentaram maior atividade de músculos proximais com co-contrações, GLC atividade proximal similar à GLA, GLB e distal similar ao GC que apresentou níveis mais baixos de atividade muscular com maior atividade distal em relação a proximal. Para o momento do pico de atividade, o GC apresentou momento antecipado para músculos proximais, atrasado para músculos distais em relação aos grupos com LM. Conclusão: Quando comparados ao GC, os grupos com LM apresentaram maiores amplitudes de sinal eletromiográfico, provavelmente pelo fato de o GC realizar a tarefa de forma mais eficiente com menor demanda de ativação muscular. Não foi possível reconhecer padrões rítmicos de ativação nos grupos com LM / Introduction: The locomotion has a characteristic the rhythmicity. Concerning the understanding of the mechanisms involving its control, the concept of a central pattern generator (GPC) capable of generating neural and muscular rhythmic activities stands out. The body weight support treadmill training (BWSTT) technique uses this concept and emerges as an effective therapeutic strategy after spinal cord injury (LM) in humans due to the high level of automatism of the nervous system, and different responses can be expected in complete and incomplete injuries. Therefore, a detailed analysis of the biomechanical responses obtained during BWSTT may serve as a basis for understanding the neural control of human locomotion. Objectives: To characterize, from biomechanical parameters, treadmill gait with body weight support in individuals with complete and incomplete spinal cord injury. Method: 40 individuals (20 with LM and 20 without lesion) were divided into four groups: ASIA A (GLA), ASIA B (GLB), ASIA C and D (GLC) and Control Group (GC) composed of subjects without injury. During BWSTT, both groups were submitted to the same protocol, with pre-defined body weight suspension, total training duration and speeds. Surface electromyography data were collected and kinematic analysis was performed by means of 7 inertial power plants. The analyzes were performed through multiple variance analysis (MANOVA). Results: In the kinematic variables, the CG presented less support time in relation to the GLA and there were no differences between the other groups with spinal cord injury. As for muscle activation, GLA and GLB presented higher activity of proximal muscles with co-contractions, GLC presented similar proximal activity similar to GLA, GLB and distal similar to GC, which presented lower levels of muscular activity with greater distal activity in relation to proximal muscles. For the moment of peak activity, the GC presented early moment for proximal muscles, delayed to distal muscles in relation to the groups with LM. Conclusion: When compared to CG, the groups with LM presented higher amplitudes of electromyographic signal, probably because the CG performed the task more efficiently with less demand for muscle activation. It was not possible to recognize rhythmic patterns of activation in the LM groups
353

Tradução, adaptação e validação para o português brasileiro do Data Set do trato urinário inferior para pessoas com lesão medular / Translation, adaptation and validation for Brazilian Portuguese of the Data Set lower urinary tract for people with spinal cord injury

Adriana Cordeiro Leandro da Silva Grillo 27 November 2017 (has links)
A lesão medular (LM) é um evento catastrófico e incapacitante com importante impacto físico e psicológico, influenciando significativamente a qualidade e expectativa de vida das pessoas acometidas. Nos últimos anos, com o crescimento progressivo da violência urbana e da sobrevida das pessoas, houve um aumento importante dos casos de LM, com aproximadamente 2,5 milhões de pessoas afetadas no mundo, sendo 130.000 casos novos ao ano. As complicações decorrentes da LM são diversas, dentre elas, as disfunções do trato urinário merecem destaque, por serem responsáveis pela maior parte das morbidades e por cerca de 10% a 15% de mortalidade dessa população. No Brasil, não há instrumento específico para coleta de dados amplos para LM, como propõem os Data Sets da Spinal Cord Injury Association (ISCoS). Assim, considerando o desafio da reabilitação vesical enfrentado por esta população , o presente estudo objetivou realizar o processo de tradução, adaptação e validação do Data Set do trato urinário inferior. Tratou-se de estudo quantitativo, metodológico, de delineamento transversal, dividido nas fases de tradução, realizado segundo as recomendações da ISCoS, e teste de confiabilidade inter e intraexaminadores, testado a partir do índice AC1 proposto por Gwet e o índice Kappa, contando com uma amostra de 50 participantes. Como resultado da fase de tradução, das nove questões que compunham o instrumento, apenas quatro termos apresentaram divergências e tiveram que ser revistos; e destes, um necessitou do acionamento do comitê da ISCoS. O perfil geral dos participantes foi composto de homens , com idade média de 39 anos, com LM de etiologia traumática e tempo de lesão inferior a dois anos. A confiabilidade interexaminadores mostrou-se adequada com valores acima de 0,5 em 100% das questões testadas com índice AC1 de Gwet; para o Kappa, o índice permaneceu acima de 0,5 em 70,5% das questões e foi observado que o índice AC1 de Gwet se mostrou superior ao Kappa em relação à prevalência de respostas com alta concordância. A avaliação da confiabilidade intraexaminador mostrou que o índice AC1 de Gwet, em oito das 17 questões avaliadas, ficou abaixo de 0,5. Já o índice Kappa ficou abaixo de 0,5 em cinco das 17 questões. Isso foi atribuído às temáticas das questões que tratavam dos temas de incontinência urinária e uso de dispositivos para incontinência e ao fato de os participantes estarem inseridos em programas de reabilitação, o que ocasionou mudanças no trato urinário durante o intervalo entre entrevistas, que foi de aproximadamente duas semanas. Foi observado ainda um alto índice de participantes que realizavam o cateterismo urinário (70%) e com uso de dispositivos para incontinência urinária (64%), assim é preciso avançar em estudos para o tratamento das disfunções que promovam também a continência urinária. Este estudo realizou a tradução e a validação para o português brasileiro do Data Set do trato urinário inferior segundo as recomendações da ISCoS, corroboradas pela literatura científica, gerando um instrumento confiável de coleta de dados clínicos sobre o trato urinário inferior para ser utilizado no Brasil, contribuindo para a reabilitação das pessoas com LM / Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic and disabling event with an important physical and psychological event, significantly influencing the quality and life expectancy of the person involved. In recent years, due to the progressive growth of urban violence and the survival of the people, there was a significant increase in cases of SCI, with approximately 2.5 million people affected worldwide, with 130,000 new cases a year. Complications arising from the SCI are numerous, and among them, the dysfunctions related to the urinary tract deserve prominence, since they are responsible for the majority of the morbidity and 10% to 15% of the mortality in this population. In Brazil, there is no specific instrument for the collection of comprehensive data for spinal cord injury, as it is the proposal presented by the Data Sets of the Spinal Cord Injury Association (ISCoS). Thus, taking into account the challenge of rehabilitation of the bladder faced by people with SCI, this study was aimed at carrying out the process of translation, adaptation and validation of the Data Set of the lower urinary tract. It was a methodological, quantitative study of transversal design, divided into phases of translation, carried out according to the recommendations of the ISCoS, and inter and intra examiners reliability test, tested from the AC1 index proposed by Gwet and the Kappa index, with a sample of 50 participants. As a result of the stage of translation, from the nine themes that make up the instrument, only four terms presented differences; and of these, only one needed actions of the Committee of ISCoS. The profile of the participants was of men, with average age of 39, with SCI of traumatic etiology and time of injury inferior to two years. Inter examiners reliability was adequate with values greater than 0.5 in 100% of the questions proven with AC1 Gwet index; for the Kappa, the index remained higher than 0.5 in 70.5% of the questions and it was observed that Gwet index AC1 was shown to be superior to the Kappa in relation to the prevalence of answers with high concordance. The evaluation of reliability Intra examiner showed that the AC1 index of Gwet, in eight of the 17 questions evaluated stayed below 0.5. The Kappa index stayed below 0.5 in five of the 17 questions. This was attributed to questions dealing with incontinence and use of devices for incontinence and also to the fact that the participants were still inserted in rehabilitation programs, which caused changes in the urinary tract during the interval between interviews, which was of approximately two weeks. A high rate of participants was observed performing urinary catheterization (70%) and use of devices for incontinence (64%), thus it is necessary to advance in the studies for the treatment of disorders which also promote continence. The present study performed the translation and validation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Data Set of the lower urinary tract according to the recommendations of the ISCoS, supported by the scientific literature, creating a reliable instrument for the collection of clinical data on the lower urinary tract to be used in Brazil, contributing to the rehabilitation of people with spinal cord injuries
354

Fatores de risco hereditários e adquiridos na coagulação: impacto no desenvolvimento de eventos tromboembólicos em pacientes com lesão medular causada por trauma raquimedular / Hereditary and acquired clinical risk factors in the coagulation: impact in the development of thromboembolic events in patients with spinal injury caused by spinal cord injury

João Carlos de Campos Guerra 26 May 2014 (has links)
Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de fatores de risco no desenvolvimento de eventos tromboembólicos em pacientes com lesão medular. Métodos: Estudo observacional, prospectivo e cruzado. Pacientes elegíveis (n=100) tinham lesão medular por trauma raquimedular e mais de 18 anos. O grau de lesão sensorial e motora foi avaliado com base na escala ASIA (ASIA Impairment Scale - AIS). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas para exames de coagulação, hemogramas, análises bioquímicas e laboratoriais. Exames de ultrassonografia foram realizados nos sistemas venosos superficial e profundo dos membros inferiores. Experimentos de PCR em tempo real foram realizados com o intuito de investigar mutações nos genes da protrombina (G20210A) e do fator V de Leiden (G1691A). Resultados: O principal achado deste estudo foi a maior ocorrência de Trombose Venosa Profunda (TVP) em pacientes com fator V de Leiden e hiperhomocisteinemia. Não houve associação entre Lesão Medular por TVP, Tromboembolismo Venoso (TEV) e trombofilia. Não houve também relação com lúpus anticoagulante e anti-cardiolipina. Conclusões: Houve importante diferença na incidência de TVP em pacientes com Lesão Medular, tanto aguda quanto crônica (após um ano da lesão). A investigação de trombofilia deve ter como base os fatores clínicos, fatores de risco para TVP e história familiar de trombose / Objective: Evaluate the impact of risk factors in the development of thromboembolic events in patients with spinal cord injury. Design: Observational, prospective and cross study. Eligible patients (n=100) had spinal injury (SI) by spinal cord injury (SCI), older than 18 years of age. The degree of motor and sensory lesion was evaluated based on ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS). Blood samples were collected for coagulation exams, hemogram, laboratory and biochemical analyses. Ultrasonography analyzes were performed from deep and superficial venous systems of lower limbs. Quantitative real-time PCR experiments were performed in order to investigate mutations in the prothrombin (G20210A) and Leiden factor V (G1691A) genes. Results: The main finding of this study was the higher occurrence of Deep Venous Thromboembolism (DVT) in patients with Leiden factor V and hyper homocysteinemia. There was no association between SI for DVT, venous thromboembolism (VT) and thrombophilia. Also, there was no relation between lupus anticoagulant and anti-cardiolipin. Conclusions: There is an important difference in the incidence of DVT in patients with SI by acute SCI and after 1 year. The conduct of the investigation for thrombophilia should be based on clinical factors, risk factors for DVT and family history of thrombosis
355

A engenharia de reabilitação e as características psicossociais de pessoas com lesão medular submetidas a um programa de estimulação elétrica neuromuscular / The rehabilitation engineering and the psychosocial characteristics of spinal cord injured people submitted to a neuromuscular electrical stimulation program

Renata Borges Manhães 25 June 2004 (has links)
A estimulação elétrica neuromuscular é um recurso reabilitacional funcional que tem como propósito a recuperação dos movimentos dos membros superiores ou inferiores. Com este recurso, é possível a pessoas que possuem uma lesão medular e que vêem suas vidas modificadas pelo advento da lesão, executarem ações que possam facilitar a sua independência nas habilidades diárias, uma vez que mudanças em seu esquema corporal e limitações reais às suas atividades cotidianas são observadas nestes casos. Acredita-se que seja comum a presença de reações psicológicas a este tratamento, porém, poucos estudos foram registrados até o momento. Considerando-se que uma intervenção que aborde aspectos físicos, psicológicos e sociais destas pessoas é indispensável a qualquer processo reabilitacional, esta pesquisa teve como objetivos identificar e analisar características psicossociais de usuários do programa de estimulação elétrica neuromuscular realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Laboratório de Biomecânica e Reabilitação do Aparelho Locomotor. Suas concepções, reações e expectativas frente a este tipo de reabilitação também foram investigados, além da identificação das principais necessidades destas pessoas, oferecendo subsídios para a condução de um tratamento psicoterápico adequado ao quadro caracterológico das pessoas com lesão medular submetidas à estimulação elétrica neuromuscular, de forma a favorecer a realização de um processo reabilitacional que os contemplem em sua dinâmica biopsicossocial. Para isso, os participantes desta pesquisa foram divididos em dois grupos distintos. Os que se encontravam no primeiro ano de tratamento e os que o realizavam há mais de um ano. Foi utilizado um roteiro de entrevista semi estruturada que teve como propósito conhecer aspectos, tais como, a visão da pessoa com lesão medular sobre sua própria deficiência, formas de enfrentamento, vida social e familiar, bem como, suas concepções e expectativas no que diz respeito à reabilitação por meio da estimulação elétrica neuromuscular. Os entrevistados consideraram como uma de suas metas, a recuperação total ou parcial das funções que lhes foram subtraídas com a lesão medular, considerando efeitos positivos com a utilização deste tratamento, no alcance de melhorias físicas e psicossociais. Não obstante, eles procuram investir em vários outros aspectos de suas vidas, que não somente o reabilitacional, como por exemplo, os profissionais, familiares, sociais e afetivos / Neuromuscular electrical stimulation is a functional resource for rehabilitation, which aims recover the motions of inferior and superior limbs. With this resource, it is possible for spinal cord injury patients, who had their lives changed due to this injury, to execute actions that can make their independency to every day abilities easier, once changes in their body structure and real limitations to daily activities were noticed in this case. It is believed that the remark of psychological reactions are usual for this treatment, however, a few studies were registrated until the moment. In regarding to an intervention that deals with this patients’ physical and social aspects is essential to any rehabilitation process, this research aims to identify and analyze users’ psycho-social characteristics of neuromuscular electrical stimulation program made at Campinas State University hospital, Orthopedic and Traumatology Department of Medical Science School, Laboratory of Biomechanics and Rehabilitation of Inferior Limbs. Its concepts, reactions and expectations toward this kind of rehabilitation were also investigated, as well as the identification for the leading of a psychotherapeutic treatment appropriate to the characterization of the process of spinal cord injury patients who were subjected to neuromuscular electrical stimulation in order to be biased toward the achievement of a rehabilitational process, which gives to the spinal cord injured person in his/her biopsycho social dynamic. For this, subjects of this research were divided in two different groups. The first group, people who were in the first year of treatment and the second group, people who had been in treatment for more than one year. A schedule of a half-standard interview was used and aimed to know aspects such as spinal cord injured person´s point of view about his/her own disability, how he/she faces it, social and family life as well as his/her concepts and expectations regarding to rehabilitation through neuromuscular electrical stimulation. The total or partial recovering of the functions that were taken by the spinal cord injury was had as one of the patients´ goals, which were worried about the positive effects by using this treatment, within reach physical and psychosocial improvement. They tried to invest in many other aspects of life, such as professional, family, social and affective aspects
356

Pacientes acometidos pelo trauma raquimedular: considerações de um psicanalista no contexto hospitalar / Patients affected by rachimedullary trauma : considerations of a psychoanalyst in the hospital context

Valle, Luciano Henrique da Silva Ribeiro do 07 July 2014 (has links)
O sujeito acometido pelo Trauma Raquimedular (TRM) seguido de lesão medular (LM) perde a sensibilidade e a motricidade de parte ou de quase todo o corpo, além do funcionamento do organismo ficar desregulado. Podem ser caracterizados em cinco grupos: Tetraplegia ou paraplegia, completas e incompletas, ou normal. Este trabalho foi uma proposta de revisitar, sob a luz das teorias freudo-lacanianas, o conteúdo dos atendimentos psicanalíticos a sujeitos com este acometimento, realizados no Hospital das Clínicas SP. A partir de relatos elaborados, recuperando evoluções e anotações dos Prontuários do Paciente e Protocolos do Serviço de Psicologia, de atendimentos a dez pacientes, foi possível não só re-investigar psicanaliticamente o material escutado das livres associações, como também construir mais sistematicamente o caminho traçado pelo atendimento psicanalítico nas especificidades da clínica de Lesão Medular. Para tanto, o alicerce de suporte foi o constructo silêncio, explorado teoricamente junto ao seu alcance na prática clínica, que em sua singularidade marcou este encontro analítico entre os pacientes com tetraplegia e o psicanalista em contexto hospitalar / The subject affected by Rachimedullary Trauma (RMT) followed by Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) loses the sensibility and the motor of part or of its entire body, and also suffers from the deregulation of its body`s functioning. These traumas can be characterized into five groups: Tetraplegia and paraplegia, complete and incomplete, or normal. This work is a proposal to revisit, under the freud-lacanian theories, the content of psychoanalytic care to subjects with this condition, performed at Hospital das Clínicas São Paulo. elaborate reports from recovered annotations of the Medical Records of Patients and Protocols of the Psychology Department, from the psychoanalytic care of ten subjects, it was not only possible to psychoanalytically re-investigate the heard material from the free associations, but also to build more systematically the route delineated by psychoanalytic care on the specificities of the clinical Spinal Cord Injury. For this purpose, the foundation supporting was the construct of silence, theoretically explored along its range in clinical practice, that in its singularity marked this analytic encounter between patients with tetraplegia and the psychoanalyst in a hospital context
357

Tradução, adaptação e validação para o português brasileiro do Data Set do trato urinário inferior para pessoas com lesão medular / Translation, adaptation and validation for Brazilian Portuguese of the Data Set lower urinary tract for people with spinal cord injury

Grillo, Adriana Cordeiro Leandro da Silva 27 November 2017 (has links)
A lesão medular (LM) é um evento catastrófico e incapacitante com importante impacto físico e psicológico, influenciando significativamente a qualidade e expectativa de vida das pessoas acometidas. Nos últimos anos, com o crescimento progressivo da violência urbana e da sobrevida das pessoas, houve um aumento importante dos casos de LM, com aproximadamente 2,5 milhões de pessoas afetadas no mundo, sendo 130.000 casos novos ao ano. As complicações decorrentes da LM são diversas, dentre elas, as disfunções do trato urinário merecem destaque, por serem responsáveis pela maior parte das morbidades e por cerca de 10% a 15% de mortalidade dessa população. No Brasil, não há instrumento específico para coleta de dados amplos para LM, como propõem os Data Sets da Spinal Cord Injury Association (ISCoS). Assim, considerando o desafio da reabilitação vesical enfrentado por esta população , o presente estudo objetivou realizar o processo de tradução, adaptação e validação do Data Set do trato urinário inferior. Tratou-se de estudo quantitativo, metodológico, de delineamento transversal, dividido nas fases de tradução, realizado segundo as recomendações da ISCoS, e teste de confiabilidade inter e intraexaminadores, testado a partir do índice AC1 proposto por Gwet e o índice Kappa, contando com uma amostra de 50 participantes. Como resultado da fase de tradução, das nove questões que compunham o instrumento, apenas quatro termos apresentaram divergências e tiveram que ser revistos; e destes, um necessitou do acionamento do comitê da ISCoS. O perfil geral dos participantes foi composto de homens , com idade média de 39 anos, com LM de etiologia traumática e tempo de lesão inferior a dois anos. A confiabilidade interexaminadores mostrou-se adequada com valores acima de 0,5 em 100% das questões testadas com índice AC1 de Gwet; para o Kappa, o índice permaneceu acima de 0,5 em 70,5% das questões e foi observado que o índice AC1 de Gwet se mostrou superior ao Kappa em relação à prevalência de respostas com alta concordância. A avaliação da confiabilidade intraexaminador mostrou que o índice AC1 de Gwet, em oito das 17 questões avaliadas, ficou abaixo de 0,5. Já o índice Kappa ficou abaixo de 0,5 em cinco das 17 questões. Isso foi atribuído às temáticas das questões que tratavam dos temas de incontinência urinária e uso de dispositivos para incontinência e ao fato de os participantes estarem inseridos em programas de reabilitação, o que ocasionou mudanças no trato urinário durante o intervalo entre entrevistas, que foi de aproximadamente duas semanas. Foi observado ainda um alto índice de participantes que realizavam o cateterismo urinário (70%) e com uso de dispositivos para incontinência urinária (64%), assim é preciso avançar em estudos para o tratamento das disfunções que promovam também a continência urinária. Este estudo realizou a tradução e a validação para o português brasileiro do Data Set do trato urinário inferior segundo as recomendações da ISCoS, corroboradas pela literatura científica, gerando um instrumento confiável de coleta de dados clínicos sobre o trato urinário inferior para ser utilizado no Brasil, contribuindo para a reabilitação das pessoas com LM / Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic and disabling event with an important physical and psychological event, significantly influencing the quality and life expectancy of the person involved. In recent years, due to the progressive growth of urban violence and the survival of the people, there was a significant increase in cases of SCI, with approximately 2.5 million people affected worldwide, with 130,000 new cases a year. Complications arising from the SCI are numerous, and among them, the dysfunctions related to the urinary tract deserve prominence, since they are responsible for the majority of the morbidity and 10% to 15% of the mortality in this population. In Brazil, there is no specific instrument for the collection of comprehensive data for spinal cord injury, as it is the proposal presented by the Data Sets of the Spinal Cord Injury Association (ISCoS). Thus, taking into account the challenge of rehabilitation of the bladder faced by people with SCI, this study was aimed at carrying out the process of translation, adaptation and validation of the Data Set of the lower urinary tract. It was a methodological, quantitative study of transversal design, divided into phases of translation, carried out according to the recommendations of the ISCoS, and inter and intra examiners reliability test, tested from the AC1 index proposed by Gwet and the Kappa index, with a sample of 50 participants. As a result of the stage of translation, from the nine themes that make up the instrument, only four terms presented differences; and of these, only one needed actions of the Committee of ISCoS. The profile of the participants was of men, with average age of 39, with SCI of traumatic etiology and time of injury inferior to two years. Inter examiners reliability was adequate with values greater than 0.5 in 100% of the questions proven with AC1 Gwet index; for the Kappa, the index remained higher than 0.5 in 70.5% of the questions and it was observed that Gwet index AC1 was shown to be superior to the Kappa in relation to the prevalence of answers with high concordance. The evaluation of reliability Intra examiner showed that the AC1 index of Gwet, in eight of the 17 questions evaluated stayed below 0.5. The Kappa index stayed below 0.5 in five of the 17 questions. This was attributed to questions dealing with incontinence and use of devices for incontinence and also to the fact that the participants were still inserted in rehabilitation programs, which caused changes in the urinary tract during the interval between interviews, which was of approximately two weeks. A high rate of participants was observed performing urinary catheterization (70%) and use of devices for incontinence (64%), thus it is necessary to advance in the studies for the treatment of disorders which also promote continence. The present study performed the translation and validation to Brazilian Portuguese of the Data Set of the lower urinary tract according to the recommendations of the ISCoS, supported by the scientific literature, creating a reliable instrument for the collection of clinical data on the lower urinary tract to be used in Brazil, contributing to the rehabilitation of people with spinal cord injuries
358

Injuries among individuals with pre-existing spinal cord injury: understanding injury patterns, burdens, and prevention

Heiden, Erin Ose 01 December 2013 (has links)
As a growing body of research has focused on the individual, social, and environmental factors that facilitate life after spinal cord injury (SCI), particular emphasis has been placed on health conditions that are modifiable and preventable. Subsequent injuries are a serious health problem for individuals with SCI. They are a direct threat to further morbidity and mortality, and are both a cause and consequence other secondary health conditions. As a first step toward understanding this public health problem, the purpose of this dissertation research was to describe the patterns, burdens, and prevention of subsequent injury among individuals with SCI. In three distinct, but related studies, this dissertation examined the characteristics of hospitalizations due to an injury among individuals with paraplegia, and compared the differences in length of stay (LOS) and hospital costs of injury hospitalizations between individuals with quadriplegia versus paraplegia. In addition, it explored the experience of subsequent injury among individuals with SCI who return to work and examined perceptions of threat and efficacy in preventing subsequent injury using the Extended Parallel Process Model. Using discharge level weighting available in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, Study 1 calculated national estimates of injury hospitalizations for individuals with paraplegia by patient, hospital, and injury characteristics. Most injury hospitalizations occurred among males, to individuals 35-49 years, and were due to falls, poisonings, or motor vehicle traffic. With the same dataset, Study 2 used logistic regression to estimate the effect of patient characteristics on odds of hospitalized patients with quadriplegia versus paraplegia, and linear regression to estimate predicted differences in hospital costs for individuals with quadriplegia compared to paraplegia. Fewer injury hospitalizations but longer hospital stays, and higher hospital costs per discharge were found for individuals with quadriplegia compared to individuals with paraplegia. Males, younger age, and the uninsured were significant predictors of higher hospital costs. Finally, Study 3 used in-depth interviews to qualitatively explore the perceptions on subsequent injury among individuals with SCI who return to work, and found individuals with SCI who return to work recognized the importance of preventing subsequent injury, and were taking actions to prevent subsequent injury in their daily life and in the workplace. The significance of this research is that it is the first description of injury hospitalizations for all causes of injury by specific type of SCI, and the associated medical outcomes of LOS and direct medical costs. Prevention of subsequent injury should be a priority. The perceptions of individuals with SCI about the severity of and their susceptibility to injury and the efficacy of individual and environmental actions to prevent subsequent injury described in this research should be used to inform the development of interventions that prevent subsequent injury.
359

Disturbances of autonomic functions in spinal cord injury: autonomic dysreflexia and thermoregulation

Kalincik, Tomas, Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW January 2009 (has links)
Disorders of the autonomic nervous system constitute serious complications of spinal cord injury (SCI) and their treatment is usually highly prioritised by spinal patients. Among these, autonomic dysreflexia and impaired thermoregulation are potentially life threatening conditions and require effective management. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), progenitor cells and polymeric scaffolds have been tested in animal models of SCI and some of them have been considered for clinical trials. However, evaluation of the effect of such interventions on autonomic functions has received only rudimentary attention and would require a more thorough experimental assessment before the methods are utilised in human patients. This thesis tested two potential therapeutic strategies for autonomic dysreflexia and examined disorders of thermoregulatory functions in a rat model of spinal cord transection. Magnitude and duration of autonomic dysreflexia were evaluated with radio telemetry in spinalised animals treated with (i) implants of OECs and olfactory neurosphere-derived cells seeded in poly(lactic co glycolic) porous scaffolds or with (ii) transplants of OECs alone. (iii) Effects of SCI and of OECs on the morphology of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs; which are involved in pathogenesis of autonomic dysreflexia) stained for NADPH diaphorase were examined. (iv) Doppler ultrasonography and infrared thermography were used to assess responses of tail blood flow and surface temperature to cold. Transplants of OECs alone, but not in combination with olfactory neurosphere-derived cells and polymeric scaffolds, resulted in significantly shortened episodes of autonomic dysreflexia. This may be attributed to the alterations to the morphology of SPNs adjacent to the lesion: a transient increase in the morphometric features of the SPNs was evoked by spinal cord transection and this was further altered by transplantation of OECs. The thesis also showed that local responses of tail blood flow and temperature to cold were not abolished by complete SCI suggesting that temperature homeostasis could still be maintained in response to cold. It is hypothesised that OECs facilitate improved recovery from autonomic dysreflexia through alteration of the morphology of SPNs. Furthermore, it is suggested that the role of the tail in heat conservation can be regulated by mechanisms that are independent of the descendent neural control from supraspinal centres.
360

Co-localization of the astrocytic proteins Mts1 and clusterin in CNS injury

Augustsson, Mirja January 2005 (has links)
<p>In the case of injury to the CNS, different proteins act to repair and protect cells in the brain and spinal cord. In the present study, we looked at dorsal root injury and hypoglossal nerve avulsion and transection. Here we studied for the first time the expression of Parkin in these types of injuries. However the antibodies against Parkin used here have not been able to detect Parkin in the injuries examined, neither with fluorescence or using DAB. The roles of Mts1, GFAP, and clusterin after injury have been investigated earlier, but their co-localization in the same cells was first shown in this study in the hypoglossal nucleus with immunohisto-chemical methods. These results may also be of value in the process of finding an effective treatment for neurodegenerative disorders such as ALS.</p>

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