Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

INTRODUÇÃO: A cifose em pacientes com mielomeningocele representa uma deformidade complexa, cujo tratamento é eminentemente cirúrgico, com altas taxas de complicação. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo é relatar os resultados e complicações observados no tratamento da cifose associada à mielomeningocele, assim como avaliar se a intervenção tem algum impacto na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde desses pacientes. MÉTODO: Este é um estudo prospectivo de série de casos operados em três instituições em São Paulo nos anos de 2012 e 2013. A técnica utilizada foi a que é conhecida como \"de Dunn-McCarthy\", e consiste na cifosectomia e fixação posterior, utilizando-se hastes moldadas em \"S\" através dos forâmens de S1 associadas a parafusos pediculares na coluna torácica. Os resultados foram registrados como ângulo da cifose (pelo método de Cobb) antes e depois da cirurgia, além de tempo de cirurgia e de internação e volume de sangue transfundido. Os pacientes foram todos operados pela mesma equipe de cinco cirurgiões e responderam a dois módulos do questionário de qualidade de vida PedsQL, o módulo principal (questionário genérico, QG) e o módulo neuromuscular (MNM). Todos os eventos adversos foram registrados. RESULTADOS: No período do estudo, 31 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, mas 9,7% (3 pacientes) não completaram o período mínimo de seguimento de 2 anos, sendo excluídos da análise, resultando em 28 pacientes ao final. O tempo médio de seguimento dos pacientes que completaram o estudo foi de 3 anos (± 9 meses). Dos 28 pacientes, 28,6% (8) eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade no ato cirúrgico foi de 10 anos e 7 meses ( ± 20 meses). As cirurgias duraram em média 247 ( ± 68) minutos de pele a pele. Foram retirados em média 1,7 corpos vertebrais. Os pacientes receberam em média 0,6 concentrados de hemácias durante o procedimento. O tempo de internação médio foi de 14 ( ± 27) dias. Os pacientes tinham em média cifose de 130º ( ± 36) no pré-operatório, que foi corrigida para 56º (± 29) em média no pós-operatório imediato e se manteve como 60º ( ± 30) após dois anos. Houve necessidade de reoperação em 67,8% (19) dos pacientes. Desses, 64,2% (18) pacientes necessitaram de reoperações para limpeza cirúrgica e desbridamento e 17,8% (5) dos pacientes necessitaram de retirada do material de síntese para controle da infecção. Houve perda de redução e pseudoartrose em 10,7% (3) dos pacientes. Houve melhora estatisticamente significante (p < 0,001) de 5 pontos em média na qualidade de vida utilizando-se o QG e 8 pontos utilizando-se o MNM, principalmente devido ao componente de saúde física das escalas. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar das altas taxas de reoperação, a cifosectomia demonstrou ser um método eficiente para melhora de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde nesses pacientes / INTRODUCTION: Severe myelomeningocele-related kyphosis is a complex deformity that demands surgical treatment, with high complication rates. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the kyphectomy on the health-related quality of life of affected patients. METHODS: This is prospective study of a case series of patients operated by the authors at three institutions in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2012 and 2013. The surgical technique used was the one originally described by Dunn-McCarthy, in which posterior fixation is made using \"S-shaped\" rods, inserted through the foramens of S1, associated with pedicle screws in the thoracic spine. All patients were operated by the same team of five surgeons. Cobb angles before and after surgery, surgical time, hospital stay and transfused blood volume were registered. The patients\' caregivers answered both the generic (core) and the specific (neuromuscular module) PedsQL questionnaire before and 2 years after surgery. All adverse events were registered. RESULTS: In the study period, 31 patients were operated but 9,7% (3) were lost for follow up and therefore excluded from the analysis. They were followed-up for 3 years (± 9 months). The average age at surgery of the remaining 28 patients was 10 years and 7 months, and 28,6% (8) patients were males. The surgeries lasted on average 247 ( ± 68) minutes from skin to skin. The mean hospitalization time was 14 (± 27) days. On average, 1.7 vertebral bodies were removed per patient. The mean follow-up time of patients who completed the study was 3 years ( ±9 months). The patients had on average 130º (± 36) kyphosis in the preoperative period, that was corrected to 56º ( ± 29) in the immediate postoperative period and remained as 60º ( ± 30) after two years. Reoperation was needed in 67,8% (19 patients), 64,2% (18) of these for surgical cleaning and debridement. 17,8% (5) patients needed implant removal to control infection. There was loss of reduction and pseudoarthrosis in 10,7% (3) of the patients. There was a significant improvement (p < 0,001) of 5 points on average in the generic and 8 in the neuromuscular PedsQL questionnaires, mainly due to the physical health component of the scales. CONCLUSIONS: Kyphectomy improves health-related quality of life in these patients with myelomeningocele, despite the high reoperation rate

No description available.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of lumbar spine surgery and determine which factors modify outcome. A follow-up questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and the Oswestry Low Back Disability Questionnaire (ODI) were sent to working-aged patients who had undergone lumbar spine surgery in the Oulu University Hospital between June, 2005 and May, 2008. Those with a BDI &#8805; 10 were further classified into either non-melancholic (NmDS) or melancholic depression (MDS) groups. Potential spinal cord stimulation (SCS) candidates were interviewed via telephone. The postal survey was sent to 814 patients, of which 537 (66%) replied. Of these, 361 had undergone disc surgery, 85 stabilizing surgery and 91 decompression. Pain intensity was milder, the frequency of pain more rare, functional disability minimal and quality of life better after disc surgery compared to stabilizing surgery and decompression, which are technically more demanding operations and the patients’ condition are often more serious. Altogether, 213 patients presented with depressive symptoms (DS) defined as having a BDI &#8805; 10, and these were further classified into NmDS (n = 153) and MDS (n = 60) subtypes. ODI differed between DS subtypes: those without DS had minimal, NmDS moderate and MDS severe functional disability. Pain was more frequent and more intense among DS patients. In particular, MDS patients suffered from pain, used more pain medication, but received less benefit from it. Disc surgery patients were divided according to body mass index (BMI): normal, pre-obese and obese. Pre-obese and obese patients gained weight during the follow-up. Obese patients had more DS and a worse functional outcome than normal-weighted or pre-obese patients. Of the entire cohort (n = 814), 21 patients received SCS. Eleven respondents underwent SCS treatment after they had replied. Features predicting SCS treatment were daily or continuous pain, higher pain intensity with predominant radicular pain, more severe pain-related functional disability, more DS and reduced benefit from pain medication. The time between lumbar surgery and implantation of a SCS device was extensive. Based on data from phone interviews, it appears that SCS was not offered to all potential candidates. In conclusion, the outcome of lumbar spine surgery was good after disc surgery but less favourable after more demanding stabilizing surgery or decompression. DS, especially of the MDS subtype, and obesity were more often seen in patients with a poorer surgical outcome. SCS treatment was used late and only for patients with very severe pain. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli arvioida tuloksia lannerangan kirurgiassa ja kartoittaa tekijöitä, jotka vaikuttavat leikkaustulokseen. Seurantakysely, Beckin depressio¬kysely (BDI), SF-36 elämänlaatukysely ja Oswestryn toiminta¬kyky¬kysely (ODI), lähetettiin työikäisille Oulun yliopistollisessa sairaalassa kesäkuu 2005 - maaliskuu 2008 alaselkäleikatuille potilaille. Beckin depressioasteikko &#62; 10 luokiteltiin ei-melankolisesti masentuneisiin (NmDS) ja melankolisesti masen¬tuneisiin (MDS). Mahdolliset takajuostestimulaatio (TJS) -ehdokkaat haastateltiin puhelimitse. Postikysely lähetettiin 814 potilaalle, joista 537 (66%) vastasi. Näistä 361:lle tehtiin välilevytyräleikkaus, 85:lle stabiloiva leikkaus ja 91:lle juurikanavan avarrusleikkaus. Välilevytyräleikatuilla kipu oli lievempää, harvemmin esiintyvää, toiminnallinen haitta vähäisempää ja elämänlaatu parempaa verrattuna potilaisiin, joille tehtiin vaativampi stabiloiva tai juurikanavan avarrusleikkaus. Kaikkiaan 213 potilaalla oli depressio-oireita (DS, BDI &#8805; 10) ja nämä luokiteltiin edelleen NmDS (n = 153) ja MDS (n = 60) alaryhmiin. ODI erottui eri DS alatyyppien välillä: ei-DS-potilailla oli minimaalinen, NmDS-potilailla kohtuullinen ja MDS-potilailla vaikea toiminnallinen haitta. Kipua oli useammin ja voimakkaampana DS-potilailla. Erityisesti MDS-potilaat kärsivät kivuista, käyttivät enemmän kipulääkkeitä ja hyötyivät niistä vähemmän. Välilevytyräleikatut luokiteltiin painoindeksin (BMI) pohjalta normaaleihin, ylipainoisiin ja lihaviin. Ylipainoiset ja lihavat lihoivat seuranta-aikana. Lihavilla potilailla oli enemmän masennusta ja huonompi toiminnallinen tulos verrattuna normaaleihin ja ylipainoisiin. Koko tutkimusryhmässä (n = 814) 21 potilasta oli saanut TJS:n. Yksitoista vastaajaa sai TJS:n kyselytutkimuksen jälkeen. TJS:n saaneilla oli päivittäistä tai jatkuvaa, kovempaa ja pääasiassa jalkaan säteilevää kipua. Kipu aiheutti enemmän toiminnallista haittaa, enemmän masennusta ja nämä saivat vähemmän apua kipulääkityksestä. Aika leikkauksen ja TJS:n asennuksen välillä oli pitkä. Puhelinhaastattelun avulla saatu tieto osoittaa, ettei TJS-hoitoa tarjota kaikille potentiaalisille hyötyjille. Yhteenvetona voidaan todeta, että välilevytyräleikkauksen jälkeen tulos oli hyvä ja vaativampien stabiloivan ja juurikanavan avarrusleikkauksen jälkeen heikompi. DS, etenkin MDS ja lihavuus korostuivat huonommin toipuneissa. TJS-hoitoa käytettiin vain vaikeimmille tapauksille ja odotusajat olivat pitkät.

<div>Delayed fracture healing is a major health issue involved with aging. Therefore, strategies to improve the pace of repair and prevent non-union are needed in order to improve patient outcomes and lower healthcare costs. In order to accelerate bone fracture healing noninvasively, we sought to develop a drug delivery system that could safely and effectively be used to deliver therapeutics to the site of a bone fracture. We elected to pursue the promising strategy of using small-molecule drug conjugates that deliver therapeutics to bone in an attempt to increase the efficacy and safety of drugs for treating bone-related diseases.</div><div>This strategy also opened the door for new methods of administering drugs. Traditionally, administering bone anabolic agents to treat bone fractures has relied entirely on local surgical application. However, because it is so invasive, this method’s use and development has been limited. By conjugating bone anabolic agents to bone-homing molecules, bone fracture treatment can be performed through minimally invasive subcutaneous administration. The exposure of raw hydroxyapatite that occurs with a bone fracture allows these high-affinity molecules to chelate the calcium component of hydroxyapatite and localize primarily to the fracture site.</div><div>Many bone-homing molecules (such as bisphosphonates and tetracycline targeting) have been developed to treat osteoporosis. However, many of these molecules have toxicity associated with them. We have found that short oligopeptides of acidic amino acids can localize to bone fractures with high selectivity and with very low toxicity compared to bisphosphonates and tetracyclines.</div><div>We have also demonstrated that these molecules can be used to target peptides of all chemical classes: hydrophobic, neutral, cationic, anionic, short, and long. This ability is particularly useful because many bone anabolics are peptidic in nature. We have found that acidic oligopeptides have better persistence at the site of the fracture than bisphosphonate-targeted therapeutics. This method allows for a systemic administration of bone anabolics to treat bone fractures, which it achieves by accumulating the bone anabolic at the fracture site. It also opens the door for a new way of treating the prevalent afflictions of broken bones and the deaths associated with them.</div><div>We further developed this technology by using it to deliver anabolic peptides derived from growth factors, angiogenic agents, neuropeptides, and extracellular matrix fragments. We found several promising therapeutics that accelerated the healing of bone fractures by improving the mineralization of the callus and improving the overall strength. We optimized the performance of these molecules by improving their stability, targeting ligands, linkers, dose, and dosing frequency.</div><div>We also found that these therapeutics could be used to accelerate bone fracture repair even in the presence of severe comorbidities (such as diabetes and osteoporosis) that typically slow the repair process. We found that, unlike the currently approved therapeutic for fracture healing (BMP2), our therapeutics improved functionality and reduced pain in addition to strengthening the bone. These optimized targeted bone anabolics were not only effective at healing bone fractures but they also demonstrated that they could be used to speed up spinal fusion. Additionally, we demonstrated that acidic oligopeptides have potential to be used to treat other bone diseases with damaged bone.</div><div>With these targeted therapeutics, we no longer have to limit bone fracture healing to casts or invasive surgeries. Rather, we can apply these promising therapeutics that can be administered non-invasively to augment existing orthopedic practices. As these therapeutics move into clinical development, we anticipate that they will be able to reduce the immobilization time that is the source of so many of the deadly complications associated with bone fracture healing, particularly in the elderly.</div>