Background Spinal pain is one of humanity’s most frequent complaints with high costs for the individual and society, and is commonly related to spinal disorders. There are many origins behind these disorders e.g., trauma, disc hernia or of other organic origins. However, for many of the disorders, the origin is not known. Thus, more knowledge is needed about how pain affects the neck and neural function in pain affected regions. The purpose of this dissertation was to improve the medical examination of patients suffering from chronic whiplash-associated disorders or other pain related neck-disorders. Methods A new assessment tool for objective movement analysis was developed. In addition, basic aspects of proprioceptive information transmission, which can be of relevance for muscular tension and pain, are investigated by studying the coding of populations of different types of sensory afferents by using a new spike sorting method. Both experiments in animal models and humans were studied to accomplish the goals of this dissertation. Four cats where were studied in acute animal experiments. Mixed ensembles of afferents were recorded from L7-S1 dorsal root filaments when mechanical stimulating the innervated muscle. A real-time spike sorting method was developed to sort units in a multi-unit recording. The quantification of population coding was performed using a method based on principal component analysis. In the human studies, 3D neck movement data were collected from 59 subjects with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) and 56 control subjects. Neck movement patterns were identified by processing movement data into parameters describing the rotation of the head for each subject. Classification of neck movement patterns was performed using a neural network using processed collected data as input. Finally, the effect of marker position error on the estimated rotation of the head was evaluated by computer simulations. Results Animal experiments showed that mixed ensembles of different types of afferents discriminated better between different muscle stimuli than ensembles of single types of these afferents. All kinds of ensembles showed an increase in discriminative ability with increased ensemble size. It is hypothesized that the main reason for the greater discriminative ability might be the variation in sensitivity tuning among the individual afferents of the mixed ensemble will be larger than that for ensembles of only one type of afferent. In the human studies, the neural networks had a predictivity of 0.89, a sensitivity of 0.90 and a specificity of 0.88 when discriminating between control and WAD subjects. Also, a systematic error along the radial axis of the rigid body added to a single marker had no affect on the estimated rotation of the head. Conclusion The developed spike sorting method, using neural networks, was suitable for sorting a multiunit recording into single units when performing neurophysiological experiments. Also, it was shown that neck movement analysis combined with a neural network could build the basis of a decision support system for classifying suspected WAD or other pain related neck-disorders.

Η διενέργεια εμβιομηχανικών μελετών σε μοντέλο με τη βοήθεια ηλεκτρονικών υπολογιστών βρίσκεται σήμερα σε προχωρημένο στάδιο εξέλιξης. Σε αυτή την εξέλιξη κεντρική θέση κατέχουν λογισμικά δύο κατηγοριών. Στην πρώτη κατηγορία κατατάσσονται τα λογισμικά εμβιομηχανικής προσομοίωσης του ανθρωπίνου σώματος και στη δεύτερη κατηγορία τα λογισμικά ανάλυσης πεπερασμένων στοιχείων. Σε αυτή τη Μεταπτυχιακή Εργασία έγινε μία προσπάθεια διερεύνηση της συνεργασίας των δύο αυτών κατηγοριών λογισμικού με την κινηματική μελέτη ενός οσφυϊκού σπονδύλου και την ανάλυση φορτίσεών του με την μέθοδο των πεπερασμένων στοιχείων. Για αυτό το λόγο επιλέχτηκαν δύο λογισμικά εμπορικά διαθέσιμα. Το λογισμικό εμβιομηχανικής προσομοίωσης Anybody modeling system και το λογισμικό ανάλυσης πεπερασμένων στοιχείων Ansys multiphysics. Στο Πρώτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται παρουσίαση του λογισμικού Anybody. Πιο συγκεκριμένα. αναφέρονται τα στοιχεία εκείνα που υλοποιούν ένα μοντέλο του ανθρώπινου σώματος (τμήματα, αρθρώσεις, μύες, σύνδεσμοι) καθώς και οι μελέτες που μπορούν να εκτελεστούν δηλαδή η κινηματική και η δυναμική. Κύρια θέση κατέχει η αντιστροφή δυναμική μελέτη που χαρακτηρίζεται από την εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων για τις δυνάμεις και τις ροπές που αναπτύσσονται σε ένα σώμα αφού έχει περιγραφεί εκ των προτέρων η κίνησή του. Στο Δεύτερο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μια λεπτομερής περιγραφή της ανατομίας της σπονδυλικής στήλης στην οποία αναφέρονται τα επιμέρους κοινά στοιχεία που έχουν οι σπόνδυλοι καθώς κου οι διαφορές στις διαφορετικές μοίρες της σπονδυλικής στήλης. Μετά την ανατομική περιγραφή παρατίθεται η εμβιομηχανική θεώρηση της κατασκευής της οσφυϊκής μοίρας της σπονδυλικής στήλης, αναλύοντας τα επιμέρους δομικά στοιχεία από μηχανική άποψη και η λειτουργικότητά τους. Στο Τρίτο κεφάλαιο περιγράφεται η κατασκευή ενός μοντέλου της σπονδυλικής στήλης στο λογισμικό Anybody το οποίο υποβάλλεται σε κινήσεις κάμψης, έκτασης, πλάγιας κάμψης και στροφής και επιχειρείται ο σχολιασμός των ευρημάτων. Τέλος, στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο τα δεδομένα τα οποία παράγει η αντίστροφή μελέτη και συγκεκριμένα οι φορτίσεις που δέχεται ο Ο5 σπόνδυλος κατά τις κινήσεις στις οποίες υποβάλλεται η οσφυϊκή μοίρα χρησιμοποιούνται ως δεδομένα εισόδου για την ανάλυση του Ο5 σπόνδυλο με το λογισμικό μηχανικής ανάλυσης πεπερασμένων στοιχείων ANSYS. Συνοψίζοντας, η συνεργασία των δύο λογισμικών αποδείχθηκε εφικτή και πρόσφορη. Στην παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή εργασία αναπτύχθηκε η βασική τεχνογνωσία ως προς την χρήση του λογισμικού Anybody Modeling System και την συστηματοποίηση της διασύνδεσης του με το λογισμικό Ansys με αποτέλεσμά να αποτελεί την βάση για περαιτέρω εργασίες. / The conduction of biomechanical studies on models with the aid of computers is currently at an advanced stage. In this essay, the central position is hold by two software categories. In the first category are classified various software of biomechanical simulation of the human body and in the second category are classified the software for the finite element analysis. In this Master Thesis was made an attempt to explore the cooperation of these two kinds of software. For this reason, two commercially available softwares were selected. The biomechanical simulation was performed using the Anybody Modeling System software and the finite element analysis was performed using the Ansys Multiphysics software. In the first chapter the use of the Anybody software was presented. More specifically, those elements that implement a model of the human body (segments, joints, muscles, ligaments) as well as studies that can be performed i.e. the kinematics and dynamics studies were discussed in details. The inverse dynamics study has been characterized as the main feature of the software allowing to explore the resulting forces and torques developed in a body during the in advance described movement. The second chapter includes a detailed description of the anatomy of the spine. After the anatomical description the biomechanical approach is presented, analyzing each individual component from engineering point of view as well as their functionality. The third chapter describes the construction of a model of the spine in the Anybody software that is subjected to flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation along with the results. Finally, in the fourth chapter the data that produces the inverse study namely the loads applied to the L5 vertebra during each movement performed by the lumbar spine are used as input data for the mechanical analysis of L5 vertebra with the finite element analysis software ANSYS. As a conclusion, the collaboration of these two software programmes proved to be feasible and appropriate. In this master thesis the basic knowledge in the use of software Anybody Modeling System has been developed and an interface with the software Ansys has been built thus forming the basis for further work.

No description available.

Juosmens skausmai – aktuali nūdienos sportininkų problema. Daugelyje sporto šakų yra aptartos šių skausmų priežastys ir išvengimo bei šalinimo problemos. Tačiau apie bokse patiriamus nugaros skausmus nėra plačiai išnagrinėta, bei atlikta pakankamai tyrimų. Skausmo priežasties bei prevencijos nagrinėjimas sportuojant boksą leistų sumažinti skausmų tikimybę ir pilnavertį sportininko ruošimąsi. Planuojant tyrimą buvo suformuluotas probleminis klausimas: ar taikant tempimo pratimus galima pagerinti boksininkų stuburo paslankumą ir išvengti ar sumažinti juosmeninės stuburo dalies skausmus. Darbo tikslas yra nustatyti tempimo pratimų poveikį boksininkų liemens raumenų ištvermei, skausmui ir stuburo paslankumui. Tyrimo tikslui pasiekti iškelti uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti juosmeninės stuburo dalies skausmo pasireiškimą ir stiprumą tiriamojoje imtyje. 2. Įvertinti tiriamųjų, kurie jautė juosmeninės stuburo dalies skausmus, skausmo pokyčius, liemens raumenų statinę ištvermę, stuburo paslankumą ir pečių lanko simetriškumą, prieš ir po techninio pasiruošimo treniruočių ciklo, kuriame buvo taikyti tempimo pratimai. 3. Įvertinti tiriamųjų, kurie nejautė juosmeninės stuburo dalies skausmų, skausmo pokyčius, liemens raumenų statinę ištvermę, stuburo paslankumą ir pečių lanko simetriškumą, prieš ir po techninio pasiruošimo treniruočių ciklo, kuriame nebuvo taikyti tempimo pratimai. 4. Nustatyti koreliaciją tarp: nugaros raumenų ištvermės ir juosmens skausmo I ir II testavimo metu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / A lumbar pain is a relevant problem of modern athletes. The causes of these pains and the ways of avoidance and prevention of them have been analysed in many sports branches. In boxing, however, not much has been done regarding spine pains. The study on the cause of pain and its prevention when exercising boxing would enable to reduce the possibility of pain and ensure full range preparation of an athlete. Before initiating the study, a problem question was formulated: is it possible to improve the mobility of the spine and avoid or, at least, diminish low back pains by applying stretching exercises in the boxing sport branch. The aim of the paper is to test stretching exercises effect, of boxers trunk muscles endurance, low back pain prevention and spine mobility. The following objectives have been set to achieve the aim of the study: 1. To asses the lumbar pain and pain power of investigatives. 2. To assess investigatives, who felt low back pain, pain alteration, back muscle endurance, spine mobility and shoulders symmetry, before and after technical readiness of training, whereat was applied streching exercises. 3. To asses investigatives, who didn‘t felt low back pain, pain alteration, back muscle endurance, spine mobility and shoulders symmetry, before and after technical readiness of training, whereat the streching exercises was not applied. 4. To evaluate the correlation between: back muscle endurance with lumbar pains, on I and II testing, side mobility... [to full text]

The use of injectable biomaterials is growing as the demands for minimally invasive procedures, and more easily applicable implants become higher, but their availability is still limited due to the difficulties associated to their design. Each year, more than 700,000 vertebral compression fractures (VCF’s) are reported in the US and 500,000 VCF’s in Europe due to primary osteoporosis only. VCF’s can compromise the delicacy of the spinal canal and also cause back pain, which affects the patient’s quality of life. Vertebroplasty was developed in the 80’s, and has proven to be a safe minimally invasive procedure that can, quickly and sustainably, relieve the pain in patients experiencing VCF’s. However, biomaterials for vertebroplasty still have limitations. For instance, ceramic bone cements are difficult to distinguish from the bone using X-ray techniques. On the other hand, acrylic bone cements may cause adjacent vertebral fractures (AVF’s). Large clinical studies have indicated that 12 to 20% vertebroplasty recipients developed subsequent vertebral fractures, and that 41 to 67% of these, were AVF’s. This may be attributed to the load shifting and increased pressure on the adjacent endplates reached after vertebroplasty with stiff cements. The primary aim of this thesis was to develop better injectable biomaterials for spinal applications, particularly, bone cements for vertebroplasty. Water-soluble radiopacifiers were first investigated to enhance the radiopacity of resorbable ceramic cements. Additionally, different strategies to produce materials that mechanically comply with the surrounding tissues (low-modulus bone cements) were investigated. When a suitable low-modulus cement was produced, its performance was evaluated in both bovine bone, and human vertebra ex vivo models. In summary, strontium halides showed potential as water-soluble radiocontrast agents and could be used in resorbable calcium phosphates and other types of resorbable biomaterials. Conversely, linoleic acid-modified (low-modulus) cements appeared to be a promising alternative to currently available high-modulus cements. It was also shown that the influence of the cement properties on the strength and stiffness of a single vertebra depend upon the initial bone volume fraction, and that at low bone volume fractions, the initial mechanical properties of the vertebroplasty cement become more relevant. Finally, it was shown that vertebroplasty with low-modulus cements is biomechanically safe, and could become a recommended minimally invasive therapy in selected cases, especially for patients suffering from vertebral compression fractures due to osteoporosis.

Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2007 xii, 72, Annexures 1-10, [19] leaves / The purpose of this research was to conduct a descriptive study of cervical cases recorded at the Durban University of Technology Chiropractic Day Clinic from 1995 to 2005 as there is a paucity of information on the recorded cases of neck pain in South Africa.

La mémoire et l’apprentissage sont des phénomènes complexes qui demeurent encore incertains quant aux origines cellulaire et moléculaire. Il est maintenant connu que des changements au niveau des synapses, comme la plasticité synaptique, pourraient déterminer la base cellulaire de la formation de la mémoire. Alors que la potentialisation à long-terme (LTP) représente un renforcement de l’efficacité de transmission synaptique, la dépression à long-terme (LTD) constitue une diminution de l’efficacité des connexions synaptiques. Des études ont mis à jour certains mécanismes qui participent à ce phénomène de plasticité synaptique, notamment, les mécanismes d’induction et d’expression, ainsi que les changements morphologiques des épines dendritiques. La grande majorité des synapses excitatrices glutamatergiques se situe au niveau des épines dendritiques et la présence de la machinerie traductionnelle près de ces protubérances suggère fortement l’existence d’une traduction locale d’ARNm. Ces ARNm seraient d’ailleurs acheminés dans les dendrites par des protéines pouvant lier les ARNm et assurer leur transport jusqu’aux synapses activées. Le rôle des protéines Staufen (Stau1 et Stau2) dans le transport, la localisation et dans la régulation de la traduction de certains ARNm est bien établi. Toutefois, leur rôle précis dans la plasticité synaptique demeure encore inconnu. Ainsi, cette thèse de doctorat évalue l’importance des protéines Staufen pour le transport et la régulation d’ARNm dans la plasticité synaptique. Nous avons identifié des fonctions spécifiques à chaque isoforme; Stau1 et Stau2 étant respectivement impliquées dans la late-LTP et la LTD dépendante des récepteurs mGluR. Cette spécificité s’applique également au rôle que chaque isoforme joue dans la morphogenèse des épines dendritiques, puisque Stau1 semble nécessaire au maintien des épines dendritiques matures, alors que Stau2 serait davantage impliquée dans le développement des épines. D’autre part, nos travaux ont permis de déterminer que la morphogenèse des épines dendritiques dépendante de Stau1 était régulée par une plasticité synaptique endogène dépendante des récepteurs NMDA. Finalement, nous avons précisé les mécanismes de régulation de l’ARNm de la Map1b par Stau2 et démontré l’importance de Stau2 pour la production et l’assemblage des granules contenant les transcrits de la Map1b nécessaires pour la LTD dépendante des mGluR. Les travaux de cette thèse démontrent les rôles spécifiques des protéines Stau1 et Stau2 dans la régulation de la plasticité synaptique par les protéines Stau1 et Stau2. Nos travaux ont permis d’approfondir les connaissances actuelles sur les mécanismes de régulation des ARNm par les protéines Staufen dans la plasticité synaptique. MOTS-CLÉS EN FRANÇAIS: Staufen, hippocampe, plasticité synaptique, granules d’ARN, traduction, épines dendritiques. / Learning and memory are complex processes that are not completly understood at the cellular and molecular levels. It is however accepted that persistent modifications of synaptic connections, like synaptic plasticity, could be responsible for the encoding of new memories. Whereas long-term potentiation (LTP) is classically defined as a persistent and stable enhancement of synaptic connections, long-term depression (LTD) is a reduction in the efficacy of neuronal synapses. Numerous studies have identified some of the mechanisms of this phenomenon, in particular, the induction and expression mechanisms, as well as the changes in dendritic spine morphology. The most abundant type of synapse in the hippocampus is the excitatory glutamatergic synapse made on dendritic spines; the presence of the translational machinery in dendrites near spines strongly supports the concept of local mRNA translation. Moreover, those mRNA are transported in dendrites to activated synapses by RNA binding-proteins (RBP). Staufen proteins (Stau1 and Stau2) function in transport, localization and translational regulation of mRNA are now established. However, their precise roles in synaptic plasticity are still unknown. Thus, this Ph.D. thesis evaluates the importance of Staufen proteins in mRNA transport and regulation in synaptic plasticity. We have identified specific functions for each isoform; while Stau1 is implicated in late-LTP, Stau2 is required for mGluR-LTD. This specificity is also relevant for dendritic spine morphogenesis since Stau1 is involved in mature dendritic spine maintenance while Stau2 participates in dendritic spine morphogenesis at a developmental stage. Moreover, our studies have indicated that Stau1 involvement in spine morphogenesis is dependent on ongoing NMDA receptor-mediated plasticity. Finally, our results suggest that Stau2 is implicated in a particular form of synaptic plasticity through transport and regulation of specific mRNA granules required for mGluR-LTD such as Map1b. Our work uncovers specific roles of Stau1 and Stau2 in regulation of synaptic plasticity. These studies help to better understand mechanisms involving mRNA regulation by Staufen in long-term synaptic plasticity and memory. ENGLISH KEY WORDS: Staufen, hippocampus, synaptic plasticity, RNA granules, translation, dendritic spines

The anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) are a critical part of an extended hippocampal system that supports key elements of episodic memory. Damage or disconnection of the ATN is a component of clinical conditions associated with severe anterograde amnesisa such as the Korsakoff’s syndrome, thalamic stroke, and neurodegenerative disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated that the ATN and hippocampus are often interdependent, and that ATN damage can result in ‘covert pathology’ in ostensibly healthy distal regions of the extended hippocampal system. Adult male rats with neurotoxic bilateral ATN lesions or sham surgery were post-operatively housed in an enriched environment or standard housing after a lesion-induced spatial working memory deficit had been established. These rats were retested on cross-maze and then trained in radial-arm maze spatial memory tasks. Other enriched rats received pseudo-training only after the enrichment period. The detailed neuromorphology of neurons was subsequently examined in the hippocampal CA1. Soma characteristics were also examined in the retrosplenial granular b cortex and the prelimbic cortex. In Experiment 1, ATN lesions produced clear deficits in both the cross-maze and radial-arm maze tasks and reduced hippocampal CA1 dendritic complexity, length, and spine density, while increasing the average diameter of the dendrites. Post-operative enrichment reversed the ATN lesion-induced deficits in the cross-maze and radial-arm maze, and returned CA1 basal and apical spine density to a level comparable to that of sham standard housed trained rats. The sham enriched rats exhibited improved radial-arm maze performance and increased CA1 branching complexity and spine density in both basal and apical arbors compared to sham standard housed rats. The neuromorphological changes observed in the enriched ATN and sham rats may be in part responsible for the spatial working memory improvements observed. Experiment 2 provided support for this contention by demonstrating that the CA1 spine changes were explicitly relevant to spatial learning and memory, because trained enriched sham and ATN rats had increased spines, particularly in the basal tree when compared to closely comparable pseudo-trained enriched rats. Interestingly, spatial memory training increased the numbers of both thin and mushroom spines, whereas enrichment was only associated with an increase in thin spines. In Experiment 3, ATN lesions increased cell body size in layer II of the retrosplenial granular b cortex, whereas enrichment decreased cell body size in layer V of this region. Neither ATN lesions nor enrichment had any effect on cell body morphology in the prelimbic cortex. The current research provides some of the strongest evidence to date of ATN and hippocampal interdependence within the extended hippocampal system, and provides the first evidence of neuromorphological correlates of recovery after ATN lesions.

Das Konzept der spinopelvinen sagittalen Balance beruht auf der Wechselwirkung und dem Abhängigkeitsprinzip zwischen Einstellung der Wirbelsäulenkrümmungen zueinander sowie Einstellung der Wirbelsäule zum Becken in der Sagittalebene (Koller et al. 2009). Die sagittale Balance der Wirbelsäule wird beschrieben durch Winkel und Abstände. Sie definieren einerseits die optimale Ausrichtung der Wirbelsäule im Verhältnis zum Becken in der Sagittalebene. Andererseits werden sie zur Beschreibung von Pathologien genutzt. In den beiden letzten Jahrzehnten sind unterschiedliche, teils konkurrierende Konzepte zur sagittalen Balance entstanden (Duval-Beaupère et al. 1992, During et al. 1985, Jackson & McManus 1994, Jackson et al. 1998). Das französische Modell der Autorengruppe um Duval-Beaupère und Legaye (Duval-Beaupère et al. 1992, Legaye & Duval-Beaupère 1998) gilt in der heutigen wissenschaftlichen Diskussion als maßgeblich (Harding 2009). Die Parameter dieses Modells sind der individuell konstante, anatomische Parameter Pelvic Incidence und die positionalen Parameter Pelvic Tilt und Sacral Slope. Dem Konzept von Duval-Beaupère et al. liegen biomechanische Untersuchungen zur Verteilung der Schwerkraft mit dem Barycentremeter zugrunde (Duval-Beaupère et al. 1992). Der wesentliche Parameter im Konzept nach During et al. (1985) ist der pelvisakrale Winkel. Jackson und Co-Autoren definieren die spinopelvine Balance in der Sagittalen mittels des Beckenradius-Methode mit dem namensgebenden Parameter PR, einer Längenangabe, und dem Winkel PR-S1 (Jackson et al. 1998, Jackson & Hales 2000). Letztgenannte Parameter wurden durch Korrelations- und Reliabilitätsanalysen erhoben. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt im Rahmen eines Literaturstudiums die konkurrierenden Konzepte und ihre Weiterentwicklungen vor. Das Verhalten der unterschiedlichen Parameter während Wachstum und Alter wird beschrieben. Ihr Verhalten bei und ihr potentieller Einfluss auf die Entwicklung von Pathologien der Wirbelsäule wird anhand des Beispiels der Spondylolisthese beleuchtet. Den vorangestellten Konzepten und insbesondere ihrer Anwendung zur Berechnung der optimalen sagittalen Balance, zur Berechnung der optimalen Lordose und zur Distinktion des physiologischen vom pathologischen Zustand ist eine zunehmende Komplexität gemeinsam. Es werden komplizierte mathematische Gleichungen (Legaye & Duval-Beaupère 2005; Boulay et al. 2006) und aufwendige wie teure Computersoftware bei der Anwendung der Konzepte benötigt (Berthonnaud et al. 2005b). Baig et al. schlugen 2010 ein alternatives Verfahren zur Beschreibung eines Teilaspekts der spinopelvinen Balance in der Sagittalen vor. Anhand des Parameters hüftsakraler Abstand soll die Vorhersage der lumbalen Lordose erfolgen. Die eigenen Untersuchungen prüfen das Konzept nach Baig et al. mittels einer Reliabilitätsuntersuchung. Ermittelt wird die Intrarater- und die Interrater-Reliabilität für lumbale Lordose und hüftsakralen Abstand. Die lumbale Lordose wird dabei mittels des gebräuchlichen Verfahrens nach Cobb (Cobb 1948) vom ersten Sakral- bis zum ersten Lendenwirbelkörper gemessen. Der hüftsakrale Abstand bezeichnet den Abstand zwischen Mittelpunkt beider Femurköpfe und Promontorium auf einer Röntgenaufnahme der Lendenwirbelsäule im lateralen Strahlengang (Baig et al. 2010). Bei der Konstruktion des hüftsakralen Abstandes und seiner Festlegung als morphologischer Parameter, wird die bicoxofemorale Achse (Achse durch das Zentrum beider Femurköpfe) (Jackson & McManus 1994; John & Fisher 1994) als Fixpunkt gewählt. Die bicoxofemorale Achse stellt das Zentrum der Beckenrotation dar (John& Fisher 1994). Vermessen wurden die Röntgenaufnahmen von 30 rückengesunden Freiwilligen zu je zwei unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten von jeweils drei unabhängigen Untersuchern. Die eigenen Untersuchungen verfolgen zur Hypothesenprüfung eine Reliabilitätsanalyse (Intrarater und Interrater-Reliabilität). Man folgt bei der Festlegung des Parameters „hüftsakraler Abstand“ als konstantem, durch die Beckenanatomie vorgegebenen Parameter damit der Methodik Jacksons, nach der die Festlegung der anatomischen Parameter durch hohe Übereinstimmung in longitudinalen Untersuchungen erfolgte (Jackson & Hales 2000). Das Ergebnis der Reliabilitätsanalyse zeigt hohe Werte für die Intrarater und Interrater-Reliabilität. Das Ergebnis der anschließend durchgeführten Regressionsanalyse für hüftsakralen Abstand (unabhängige Variable) und den Winkel der lumbalen Lordose (abhängige Variable) zeigt einen negativen Zusammenhang. Zusammenfassend weisen die Ergebnisse der statistischen Auswertung darauf hin, dass das vorgestellte Verfahren nach Baig et al. (2010) eine zuverlässige Methode zur Bestimmung der lumbalen Lordose ist und unabhängig von der Erfahrung des Untersuchers replizierbare Ergebnisse liefert.

Tyrimo tikslas – įvertinti liemens raumenų izometrinės jėgos, simetriškumo ir gyvenimo pilnatvės kaitą po taikytos stuburo stabilizavimo ir laikysenos korekcijos programos asmenims, kuriems diagnozuota juosmeninės stuburo dalies išvarža bei vargina lėtinis apatinės nugaros dalies skausmas. Uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti vyrų ir moterų, kuriuos vargina lėtinis apatinės nugaros dalies skausmas, nugaros, pilvo bei liemens šoninių raumenų izometrinės jėgos kaitą po taikytos kineziterapijos; 2. Įvertinti vyrų ir moterų nugaros-pilvo bei liemens šoninių raumenų izometrinės jėgos santykio kaitą po taikytos kineziterapijos; 3. Įvertinti vyrų ir moterų liemens raumenų statinės ištvermės, juosmens judesių amplitudės kaitą po taikytos kineziterapijos; 4. Nustatyti nugaros bei pilvo raumenų izometrinės jėgos ir apatinės nugaros dalies skausmo sąsajas prieš ir po taikytos kineziterapijos; 5. Įvertinti vyrų ir moterų apatinės nugaros dalies ir kojos skausmo, funkcinės negalios, gyvenimo pilnatvės bei bendros sveikatos būklės kaitą po taikytos kineziterapijos. Tyrime dalyvavo 17 darbingo amžiaus asmenų, 8 moterys ir 9 vyrai. Jiems radiologiškai diagnozuota juosmeninės stuburo dalies išvarža. Taikyta stuburo stabilizavimo ir laikysenos korekcijos pratimų programa 9 k., 3 k. per sav., po 45 min., individualiai. Vertinta: liemens raumenų maksimali izometrinė jėga (dr. Wolff „Back-check“ dinamometras), statinė ištvermė (sekundėmis), apatinės nugaros dalies ir kojos skausmas (SAS), funkcinė negalia... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the investigation – to evaluate changes in trunk muscles isometric strength, symmetry and quality of life under the impact of spine stabilization and posture correction exercises in patients with diagnosed intervertebral disk herniation and low back pain. The tasks of investigation: 1. To evaluate changes in back, abdominal and waist side muscles isometric strength after physical therapy applied in women and men with low back pain; 2. To evaluate changes in symmetry of the back-abdominal and waist side muscles isometric strength after physical therapy applied; 3. To evaluate changes in the muscles static endurance, lumbar movement amplitude after physical therapy applied; 4. To determine the correlation between back, abdominal muscles isometric strength and low back pain before and after physical therapy. 5. To evaluate changes of low back and leg pain, functional impairment, quality of life and common health condition of the patients after physical therapy applied in women and men. Methods and materials. There took part 17 working-age persons (8 women and 9 men) diagnosed with lumbar intervertebral disk herniation and low back pain in the investigation. They were applied spine stabilization and posture correction exercises program to - 9 times altogether, 3 times a week individually, 45 min. each. There were evaluated: trunk muscles isometric strength (Dr. Wolff “Back-check”), low back and leg pain (SAS), static endurance (in sec.), functional impairment... [to full text]