L’objectif de cette thèse était d’analyser l’activité en trail et ultra-trail en s’inscrivant dans le paradigme de l’énaction (Varela et al., 1993). Un observatoire multi-sourcing composé de discussions de forum, de récits de courses postés sur les blogs, d’entretiens énactifs et de données en troisième personne caractérisant les accélérations verticales du traileur et de son système de portage a été construit pour mener nos analyses. Les résultats des analyses des discussions de forums ont montré que les traileurs partagent des préoccupations relatives à l’entraînement et la santé. Les résultats des analyses des récits de blogs et des entretiens énactifs ont caractérisé l’activité des traileurs en situation de course, en reportant (a) des gestalts phénoménologiques dont l’agencement temporel a identifié des profils d’activité, (b) des états de vitalité dont la répartition et l’organisation temporelle différaient chez les finisheurs et les abandonneurs et (c) sept étapes-clés impliquées dans les abandons. Les résultats des analyses de l’usage du matériel ont montré que les sensations de ballotement du système de portage reportées par les traileurs étaient confirmées par les données comportementales. Pris dans leur ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent que l’activité des traileurs peut être caractérisée avec différentes sources de données, rendant compte des expériences signifiantes multiples énactés en situation. Ils fournissent des implications pratiques pour le champ de la psychologie du sport et transformatives pour les entreprises souhaitant intégrer les utilisateurs dans leur processus de conception. / Rooted in the enaction paradigm (Varela et al., 1993), the aim of this thesis was to analyse the activity in trail and ultra-trail running. A multi-sourcing observatory was constructed to conduct our analyses. It was composed of forum discussions posted on the community website of the Raidlight brand, races narratives posted on blogs, enactive interviews and third-person data characterising the vertical oscillations of both the runners and their carrying systems. The results of the discussion forums showed that trail runners share common concerns regarding health and training issues. The results of the blog narratives and enactive interviews analyses characterised trail runners’ activity in race situation, by reporting (a) phenomenological gestalts, which temporal layout identified activity profiles, (b) vitality states, which repartition and temporal organisation differed in finishers and withdrawers and (c) seven key-stages involved in withdrawals. The results of analyses of the use of equipment showed that the sensations of bouncing reported by runners were confirmed by the behavioural data. Taken together, these results suggested that trail runners’ activity can be characterised by different data sources, reporting the various meaningful experiences that trail runners enact in situation. They provide practical and transformative implications for the proposition of an intervention model in sport psychology as well as a proposition of a multi-sourcing conception model for companies, which seek to integrate users in their conception processes.

Bakgrund: Skador inom idrotten är vanligt förekommande, inte minst inom fotbollen. Många studier lägger fokus på den fysiologiska aspekten i rehabilitering. Det har dock visats att socialt stöd är av vikt för en lyckad skaderehabilitering. Det råder emellertid bristande forskning på upplevt stöd hos fotbollsspelare samt hur de upplever stödet vid återgång till idrott. Syfte: Att undersöka fotbollsspelares upplevelse av socialt stöd under rehabilitering samt hur skadefrånvaron påverkar deras upplevda statusposition i laget. Metod och design: Kvalitativ explorativ intervjustudie. Data samlades in med semistrukturerade intervjuer med 2 manliga och 2 kvinnliga fotbollsspelare i Uppsala. Intervjuerna analyserades genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Informanterna upplevde att de fick olika sorters stöd från olika personer. Stödet berodde på den roll och relation personen i fråga hade med informanten. Alla upplevde att stödet under en rehabilitering naturlig förändrades över tid, från tröstande och intensivt i början till mindre uttalat i takt med att informanterna accepterade i situationen. Vid återgång upplevde de att deras statusposition i laget förändrats som resultat av den långa frånvaron. Detta upplevdes generellt som en naturlig process där de ansåg sig behöva jobba sig tillbaka för att förtjäna den tidigare upplevda statusen i laget. Konklusion: Utifrån studiens resultat framgår det att fotbollsspelare behöver olika sorters stöd av olika nyckelpersoner för att hålla motivationen uppe under en långvarig rehabilitering. Det upplevdes även viktigt att få fortsatt stöd vid återgång för att känna sig välkomnad och återfå tilltron till sin egen förmåga att kunna komma tillbaka till tidigare prestationsnivå. / Background: Injuries in sports are common, not least in football. Many studies focus on the physiological aspect of rehabilitation. However, it has been shown that social support is important for successful injury rehabilitation. Furthermore, there is a lack of research on the perceived support of football players and how they experience the support when returning to sport. Purpose: To examine football players’ experience of social support during rehabilitation and how the absence due to injury affects their perceived status position in the team. Method and design: Qualitative explorative interview study. Data was collected with semi-structured interviews with 2 male and 2 female football players in Uppsala. The interviews were analyzed through a qualitative content analysis. Result: The informants felt that they received different kinds of social support from different people. The support depended on the role and relationship the person in question had with the informant. Everyone felt that the support during a long-term rehabilitation naturally changed over time, from comforting and intense at first to a more decreased form as the informants became more accepting of the situation. Upon return, they felt that their status position in the team had changed as a result of the long absence. This was generally perceived as a natural process where they felt they needed to work their way back to earn the previously experienced status in the team.                                                                                                                                     Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be considered important that football players receive different kinds of support from different key persons to keep up the motivation during a long-term rehabilitation. It is also perceived important that football players receive continued support when they return to sport, in order to make them feel welcome and to increase their confidence in their own ability to return to previous levels of performance.

For decades, elite athletes have used mental skills training to enhance their performance. The effectiveness of these skills and strategies have been measured, documented and supported in research (e.g., Feltz & Landers, 1983; Vealey, 1994). As the remarkable benefits of mental skills continue to reach an ever-growing community of performers, it is surprising that many military organizations, known for their high standards for performance and little tolerance for error, have yet to take full advantage of this type of training. Canada’s Air Force (CAF), home to a world-renowned pilot training program, now finds itself seeking additional tools to empower pilots to achieve consistent, high quality performance under demanding, high stress conditions. The purpose of this research was to explore the psychological skills used by elite Canadian military pilots to perform successfully in this highly demanding occupation. Sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted with elite Canadian pilots at a CAF base in Saskatchewan. Results indicated that pilots utilized all seven elements of Orlick’s (2008) Wheel of Excellence over three phases of flight: pre-flight preparation, mission execution, and post-flight debriefs. Pilots also drew on elements of the Wheel of Excellence during deployments to combat zones. Effective stress management played an especially important role in this context. Recommendations for future research include mental skills usage and preparation specific to deployment contexts as well as the implementation of a specific, relevant mental skills training program within the existing CAF pilot training program

Abstract The main purpose of this comparative study between German and Pakistani Field Hockey players at the talent development stage (12-18 years) was to reveal multidimensional performance characteristics, which may have power for predicting future talented elite Field Hockey players. In total 271 (German 127 & 144 Pakistani) participants took part in this comparative study to find out difference in psychological, physical and social profiles and their possible influences on the performance of the players on two occasions, each separated by a time interval of one year. The mean age for German players was 14.3 years and Pakistani players 16.3 years. Data were collected from players of various institutions and clubs of both countries. Later on, researcher included Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka in the study to increase the number of participants considering that South Asian culture is similar and Field Hockey is a popular game in the region. This addition will give strength to the study to find out the real differences in the performance of South Asian and European countries. In total, (227) 41 Indian, 40 Bengali and 44 Sri Lankan, 52 Pakistani and 50 German athletes took part in the study. The mean age for Indian was 14.5 years, Sri Lankan 15.3 years, Bangladeshi 15.7 years, Pakistani 16.9 years and German athletes were 15.5 years old. The Deutsch and English language standard sport questionnaires were used to measure the variables and data were analysed with the help of SPSS - 17 version. The following variables were put to test to find out the possible difference between the young players: Goal orientation in sports, General sport ability & appearance, Perceived physical self-concept, Competition related anxiety, Coping strategies, Sport commitment, Parental support, Coaches behaviour, Motivational climate and Self-efficacy in sports. The study shows that there were significant differences in psychological, physical and social profiles in the players of both countries. German players reported higher scores in motivation, perceived physical self-concept, self-confidence and commitment to the sport and found better to overcome anxiety and situation related problems. They were more social, and had full support from families, peers and coaches who can increase motivational climate to improve performance level, but contrary to expectations, Pakistani players reported a higher incidence of coping strategies. Reasons for the results are discussed with regard to differences in competitive goals and differences in environmental factors between both groups.

No description available.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第18352号 / 人博第665号 / 新制||人||160(附属図書館) / 25||人博||665(吉田南総合図書館) / 31210 / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)准教授 神﨑 素樹, 教授 森谷 敏夫, 准教授 久代 恵介, 教授 小田 伸午 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

No description available.

For most student-athletes, the termination of an athletic career is inevitable and coincides with graduation and transition into a non-sport career. Many student-athletes are unprepared for the transition and experience psychological and emotional difficulties that may interfere with mental health, wellbeing, and career development. The purpose of this study was to explore former NCAA student-athletes’ experiences of career development and transition into life after sport, with the aim to increase our understanding of the athletic transition experience, as well as the factors influencing the quality of transition. In addition, this study sought to contribute to practical recommendations for supporting student-athletes in transition. Using a convergent, exploratory, mixed-methods design, this study collected: 1) online survey data completed by recently graduated NCAA student-athletes (n=175), and 2) interview data from a subsample of survey participants (n=11). The online survey included measures of the constructs of athletic identity, transition quality, and career satisfaction, as well as participant demographic information. Semi-structured interviews were guided by questions concerning participants’ identity and career development in college, athletic transition experiences, and recommendations for supporting student-athletes. Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling methods. Data analysis procedures were guided by Creswell and Plano Clark (2017) and Braun & Clarke (2006). A synthesis of the quantitative and qualitative results revealed three convergent findings related to the overarching interests of this study: 1) Highly Salient Athletic Identity May Negatively Influence the Quality of Athletic Transition, 2) Prevalence of Suboptimal Transition into Life and Work After Sport, and 3) Need for Increasing Transition Preparation and Career Development Support for Student-Athletes. A discussion of practical implications, significance of the findings, study limitations, and future directions for research were presented.

Expert sport performance is developed by engaging in large volumes of high-quality training, particularly among endurance athletes, which must be supported by recovery. Despite the importance of recovery for sustaining and enhancing training, the concept has been largely absent from sport expertise research due in part to a lack of identified athlete-led recovery skills. Moreover, research on recovery has focused on a limited range of modalities, informed by practitioners' perspectives, at the expense of more complex, athlete-centered perspectives of what recovery may involve. The overarching purpose of this dissertation was to explore and describe the psychology of recovery in relation to sport expertise, and in doing so answer, "What might it mean for an endurance athlete to be skilled at recovery?". This purpose was addressed in four articles, organized in an exploratory, sequential, mixed-methods design. Expert sport performance is developed by engaging in large volumes of high-quality training, particularly among endurance athletes, which must be supported by recovery. Despite the importance of recovery for sustaining and enhancing training, the concept has been largely absent from sport expertise research due in part to a lack of identified athlete-led recovery skills. Moreover, research on recovery has focused on a limited range of modalities, informed by practitioners' perspectives, at the expense of more complex, athlete-centered perspectives of what recovery may involve. The overarching purpose of this dissertation was to explore and describe the psychology of recovery in relation to sport expertise, and in doing so answer, "What might it mean for an endurance athlete to be skilled at recovery?". This purpose was addressed in four articles, organized in an exploratory, sequential, mixed-methods design. Article 1 explored what recovery means to a sample of 13 elite endurance athletes with experience at multiple World Championships/Olympics. Each athlete participated in two semi- structured interviews, separated by an intervening week of keeping an activity journal of their recovery-related thoughts/actions. Using inductive reflexive thematic analysis, the findings portrayed recovery as encompassing a wide range of potential approaches that spanned multiple dimensions of feelings, levels of focus, and personal solutions. Further, the athletes assigned meaning to recovery in a particular time and context based on processes of 'defining short and long-term purposes', 'breaking and engaging', and 'negotiating and prioritizing'. These findings suggested that recovery is highly complex and individual, and that athletes define recovery according to personal and contextual conditions. Article 2 described the process of implementing recovery from the perspective of elite endurance athletes, using data from the same interviews as Article 1. Through inductive reflexive thematic analysis, I found that these athletes felt recovery was athlete-led: it involved processes of self-knowledge and planning (captured in the theme of 'Knowing my body'), self-awareness and interpretation ('Listening to my body'), and self-control and adjustment ('Respecting my body'), all connected in on-going development ('Learning my body'). During reflexive analysis, I further found that recovery self-regulation was integrated with people and places in the athletes' environments in ways that supplemented, facilitated, and provided for aspects of recovery. I integrated the athlete-led themes and environment-influenced themes in the Athlete Recovery Regulation Model, a heuristic model outlining how athletes shape their recovery using a set of athlete-led skills of recovery self-regulation. Article 3 aimed to describe how 22 elite cyclists and triathletes implemented certain recovery self-regulation skills between two key workouts, placed 2-3 days apart in their planned training. Using experience sampling methods, participants reported their momentary use of certain self-regulatory processes, as well as states of recovery and stress, up to eight times per day, leading up to and between the workouts. These processes were strongly correlated but differed in frequency, intensity, consistency, and predictors of use, which suggested that the processes represent synergistic yet unique competencies. Greater use of recovery self-regulation processes was associated with higher perceived stress and, to a lesser extent, lower perceived recovery, but there was no association with the time remaining to or elapsed after the key workouts. These findings indicated that elite endurance athletes self-regulate their recovery frequently and dynamically, largely in response to multidimensional feelings of stress. Article 4 refined the methods of Article 3 into a more controlled, representative task to assess and describe recovery between two key workouts. Using that task, planned analyses aimed to (a) describe the patterns of recovery self-regulation employed by 16 non-elite endurance athletes, and (b) assess those patterns in relation to the recovery of performance between successive workouts. Sixteen recreationally competitive cyclists participated remotely in two prescribed workouts, 48 hrs apart, on the Zwift virtual cycling platform. Between workouts, they participated in the same experience sampling design as Article 3. Findings showed that the non- elite cyclists also self-regulated their recovery frequently and dynamically. In contrast to the elite athletes in Article 3, this sample made greater use of self-regulatory processes specifically when experiencing physical stress, following the first workout, and use declined with time between the workouts. The recovery of performance in workout 2 relative to workout 1 was associated with more frequent use of certain self-regulatory processes, although overall, various characteristics of recovery self-regulation were not associated with performance recovery. These findings indicated that non-elite athletes engage in recovery self-regulation, albeit in potentially simpler and more reactive patterns compared to elite athletes. This dissertation makes several contributions. It proposes that an athlete's role in recovery may be conceptualized through athlete-led skills, as described in the Athlete Recovery Regulation Model. Further, it suggests that recovery may be understood in relation to various processes and perspectives of self-regulated learning. Methodologically, this dissertation advances a proof of concept that recovery can be examined in a traditional expertise paradigm, using experience sampling methods employed around a representative task in the context of inter-workout recovery. Finally, this dissertation advances an athlete-centered and skills-based understanding of recovery, which provides an alternative avenue for applied practitioners and sport organizations to address recovery with endurance athletes. Overall, this dissertation centers recovery on the athletes who engage in it by describing skills they can own and hone to shape their recovery.