Orientador: Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho / Resumo: A grama bermuda (Cynodon spp) é a mais utilizada atualmente em campos esportivos de alta performance. Contudo, não existe na literatura uma recomendação oficial brasileira do melhor de substrato para implantação desse tipo de grama. Outra dificuldade é que os gramados necessitam de cortes frequentes, o que eleva o custo de manutenção. Assim uma alternativa, seria o uso do herbicida Glyphosate como regulador de crescimento. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de substratos e de sub-doses de glyphosate como regulador de crescimento no desenvolvimento da grama bermuda. O experimento foi conduzido no Campus II da Faculdade de Engenharia – UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira, de 14 de abril a 8 de setembro de 2017. Os tapetes de grama bermuda hibrido Tifton 419 foram implantados em contêineres de plástico preto (volume 8,46 litros) com diferentes substratos, sendo o experimento dividido em duas partes. Inicialmente foi verificada a influência dos substratos no estabelecimento e desenvolvimento do gramado com 5 tratamentos (substratos) e 12 repetições. Após 60 dias, foi realizada a primeira aplicação das sub-doses de glyphosate, e assim, iniciada a segunda parte do experimento, formando um esquema fatorial 5 x 4 (substratos x doses de glyphosate), com três repetições. Os substratos foram: S1-solo, S2-areia, S3-solo+areia. (1:1), S4-solo+areia+composto orgânico (1:1:1) e S5–composto orgânico+areia (1:1), e as sub-doses de glyphosate: 0, 200, 400 e 600 g ha-1 do i.a. Foram realizad... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) Is currently the most widely used in high performance sports fields. However, there is no official Brazilian recommendation of the best substrate for implantation of this type of grass. Another difficulty is that turfgrass need frequent cuts, which raises the cost of maintenance. Thus an alternative would be the use of the herbicide Glyphosate as growth regulator. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substrates and sub-doses of glyphosate as a growth regulator on the development of bermudagrass. The experiment was conducted at Campus II of the Faculty of Engineering - UNESP, Ilha Solteira Campus, from April 14 to September 8, 2017. The Tifton 419 hybrid Bermuda grass carpets were implanted in black plastic containers (volume 8.46 liters) with different substrates, the experiment being divided into two parts. The influence of the substrates in the establishment and development of the turfgrass with 5 treatments (substrates) and 12 replicates was verified initially. After 60 days, the first sub-doses of glyphosate were applied, and the second part of the experiment was started, forming a factorial scheme 5 x 4 (substrates x sub-doses of glyphosate), with three replicates. The substrates were: S1-soil, S2-sand, S3-soil + sand. (1:1), S4-soil + sand + organic compost (1:1:1) and S5-organic compost + sand (1:1), and sub-doses of glyphosate: 0, 200, 400 and 600 g ha-1 of the a.i. were performed, chemical and physical analyzes of the ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Patrick Luan Ferreira dos Santos (patricklfsantos@gmail.com) on 2018-09-10T14:31:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Substratos no desenvolvimento da grama bermuda e sub-doses de glyphosate como regulador de crescimento.pdf: 4113087 bytes, checksum: 0eaafa72d15da577f92484c9971b4dd9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-09-10T16:44:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_plf_me_ilha.pdf: 4113087 bytes, checksum: 0eaafa72d15da577f92484c9971b4dd9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-10T16:44:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_plf_me_ilha.pdf: 4113087 bytes, checksum: 0eaafa72d15da577f92484c9971b4dd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A grama bermuda (Cynodon spp) é a mais utilizada atualmente em campos esportivos de alta performance. Contudo, não existe na literatura uma recomendação oficial brasileira do melhor de substrato para implantação desse tipo de grama. Outra dificuldade é que os gramados necessitam de cortes frequentes, o que eleva o custo de manutenção. Assim uma alternativa, seria o uso do herbicida Glyphosate como regulador de crescimento. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de substratos e de sub-doses de glyphosate como regulador de crescimento no desenvolvimento da grama bermuda. O experimento foi conduzido no Campus II da Faculdade de Engenharia – UNESP, Campus de Ilha Solteira, de 14 de abril a 8 de setembro de 2017. Os tapetes de grama bermuda hibrido Tifton 419 foram implantados em contêineres de plástico preto (volume 8,46 litros) com diferentes substratos, sendo o experimento dividido em duas partes. Inicialmente foi verificada a influência dos substratos no estabelecimento e desenvolvimento do gramado com 5 tratamentos (substratos) e 12 repetições. Após 60 dias, foi realizada a primeira aplicação das sub-doses de glyphosate, e assim, iniciada a segunda parte do experimento, formando um esquema fatorial 5 x 4 (substratos x doses de glyphosate), com três repetições. Os substratos foram: S1-solo, S2-areia, S3-solo+areia. (1:1), S4-solo+areia+composto orgânico (1:1:1) e S5–composto orgânico+areia (1:1), e as sub-doses de glyphosate: 0, 200, 400 e 600 g ha-1 do i.a. Foram realizadas análises químicas e físicas dos substratos, pigmentos fotossintéticos, massa fresca e seca das folhas e análise foliar dos macronutrientes. Observou-se que os substratos a base de composto orgânico apresentaram os melhores resultados dos parâmetros avaliados, destacando-se S4- solo + areia + composto orgânico (1:1:1), com excelentes valores para as análises físicas e químicas. Houve efeito das sub-doses de glyphosate no desenvolvimento do gramado, sendo que a dose de 400 g ha-1 do i.a. proporcionou redução da massa fresca e seca sem alterações severas nos macronutrientes e pigmentos fotossintéticos de Tifton 419. / Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) Is currently the most widely used in high performance sports fields. However, there is no official Brazilian recommendation of the best substrate for implantation of this type of grass. Another difficulty is that turfgrass need frequent cuts, which raises the cost of maintenance. Thus an alternative would be the use of the herbicide Glyphosate as growth regulator. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substrates and sub-doses of glyphosate as a growth regulator on the development of bermudagrass. The experiment was conducted at Campus II of the Faculty of Engineering - UNESP, Ilha Solteira Campus, from April 14 to September 8, 2017. The Tifton 419 hybrid Bermuda grass carpets were implanted in black plastic containers (volume 8.46 liters) with different substrates, the experiment being divided into two parts. The influence of the substrates in the establishment and development of the turfgrass with 5 treatments (substrates) and 12 replicates was verified initially. After 60 days, the first sub-doses of glyphosate were applied, and the second part of the experiment was started, forming a factorial scheme 5 x 4 (substrates x sub-doses of glyphosate), with three replicates. The substrates were: S1-soil, S2-sand, S3-soil + sand. (1:1), S4-soil + sand + organic compost (1:1:1) and S5-organic compost + sand (1:1), and sub-doses of glyphosate: 0, 200, 400 and 600 g ha-1 of the a.i. were performed, chemical and physical analyzes of the substrates, photosynthetic pigments, fresh and dry mass of the leaves and foliar analysis of the macronutrients. It was observed that the substrates based on organic compounds presented the best results of the evaluated parameters, standing out S4- soil + sand + organic compound (1:1:1), with excellent values for the physical and chemical analyzes. There was an effect of sub-doses of glyphosate on lawn development, with the dose of 400 g ha-1 of the a.i. yielded fresh and dry mass reduction without severe changes in macronutrients and photosynthetic pigments of Tifton 419.

Orientador: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas / Resumo: O gramado esportivo requer cuidados cautelosos para apresentar bom desenvolvimento e “jogabilidade”. O tipo de fertilizante e a forma de aplicação deste interferem diretamente em sua qualidade, para isso, é necessário obter informações sobre o método mais adequado da adubação. O objetivo com o presente trabalho foi de comparar fertilizantes de liberação gradual, e fetirrigação, com a adubação convencional à fim de obter maior qualidade de grama Zeon e Celebration. O experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – FCA/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu (SP). O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com grama Zeon e Celebration, como parcela principal, e cinco manejos de adubação (1. sem adubação; 2. fertirrigação; 3. adubação com fertilizantes convencionais; 4. adubação com fertilizante de liberação lenta; 5. adubação com fertilizante de liberação controlada), nas subparcelas, e quatro repetições, no período de janeiro a junho, sendo realizadas as avaliaçoes a cada quinze dias. As características avaliadas foram a Taxa de Cobertura Verde (TCV), Índice de Coloração Verde Escuro (ICVE), Índice de Grama, Índice de Clorofila, altura, Fitomassa de Matéria Seca (MS), matéria seca do estolão e rizoma e da raíz, comprimento da raíz,química do solo, solução do solo, e o teor e exportação de nutrientes do gramado. Os diferentes manejos de adubação apresentaram comportamento distintos entre si e entre as cultivares de grama. A grama Ze... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Healthy soils are essential for sustaining the world's ecosystems and maintaining human lifestyles. The adoption of biological, chemical, and physical analyses to assess soil health is a relatively new concept with a paucity of scientific work assessing how these metrics are affected by field management in urban systems Soil samples (n = 110) were collected from a diverse range of sports fields and, for comparative purposes, golf courses, farm fields, non-sport urban, undisturbed forest, and non-vegetated sandy soils. The samples were then analyzed using biological, chemical, and physical metrics to determine if there were significant differences between sport/golf venues and non-sport/golf soils. Soil health measurements included total organic carbon (TOC), organic matter (OM), permanganate oxidizable organic carbon (POxC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), carbon respiration (CO2), β-glucosidase (BG), autoclave citrate-extractable (ACE) protein, and aggregate stability (AS). All soils that supported vegetation had higher soil health test values than the non-vegetated sandy soils. In general, differences were either minimal or not detectable between sports field soils and other soils. Notably, golf venues demonstrated higher CO2 and BG than sport venues, while TOC and OM levels in sports fields and golf courses were similar to unmanaged, urban, and farm systems. In addition, ACE protein levels were notably higher in forests. The fertilized venues were generally higher for the less mobile nutrients with poor solubility (P, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu) and lower in pH than the sand control. Somewhat surprisingly, the non-fertilized forest was generally equivalent to the fertilized venues in nutrients Sports fields had ample soil fertility and reasonable pH and EC, although they had excessively high soil P concentrations. Correlations between soil properties were performed and statistical differences were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Tukey-Kramer mean separation. Biological and physical soil properties were highly correlated with each other, and overall, biological activity was similar across all land uses, including sports fields. In general, nutrient concentrations and EC were positively correlated, but tended to decline with increasing sand content. The data collected, and comparisons made, will add to scientific and community understanding of soil health as a function of land management.

Sport has become a very competitive business and focus has been placed on reaching ones full potential. Visual involvement in a sport varies according to environmental demands associated with that sport. These environmental demands are matched by a task specific motor response. The primary aim of this study was to determine if visual skills training programmes could produce beneficial performance results for cricket and soccer players. In order to measure the athletic ability of a cricket and soccer player it is important not only to measure the hardware visual skills of the player, but also the player’s hand-eye co-ordination ability and software visual skills. Thus, aspects of the nervous system such as perceptual motor co-ordination, reaction time and anticipation ability should also be measured to get an indication of the player’s performance ability. In this study highly skilled cricket players and highly skilled soccer academy players, who were actively participating at a provincial level of competition, served as subjects. Due to professional reasons, the soccer academy players had to withdraw from this study. The provincial cricket players continued for the duration of the programme. Thus, due to the abovementioned the aim of this study was two fold, to determine whether statistically significant differences exist between the pre and post-training measurements of cricket players on several visual skills tests and secondly to determine whether statistically significant differences exist between the pre-training measurements of cricket and soccer players on the various visual skills measurements. The data of the variables tested were coded in computer format and statistically evaluated. Since the sample is relatively small non-parametric statistics were used to analyse the data. Two different Non-parametric t-tests were used: the Wilcoxon test is the distribution-free analogue of the t-test for related samples and the Mann-Whitney test is the distribution-free alternative to the independent samples t-test and was used for testing the differences between the means of the cricket players and the soccer players. After the initial testing the cricket players participated in an eight-week visual skill and performance skills programme for 60 minutes a day, once a week. The programme included sports vision activities, speed and agility activities and ball skills activities. Hereafter a retest was done. The pre-training and post-training values of the cricket players were recorded and significance of difference was determined by using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. The experimental research revealed that the visual skills programme did have a significant influence on most of the tested variables (ball handling skills, co-ordination, visual awareness, eye tracking skills, accuracy, peripheral awareness, pro-action – reaction skills and visual concentration). For some variables that were tested on the experimental group (the cricket players) improvements were found, which indicates that the improvements can be ascribed to the visual skills programme. The results indicated that more than half of the variables tested improved. It can thus be concluded that the hypothesis that was set for this paper has been proven right. Statistics indicated that there was an increase in most of the variables tested (ball handling skills, co-ordination, visual awareness, eye tracking skills, accuracy, peripheral awareness, proaction – reaction skills and visual concentration), which prove then that visual skills training will result in an increase in the players’ visual fields resulting to an increase in the visual skills on and off the cricket fields. Visual skills training programmes are beneficial to competitive sports performance. Copyright / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences / unrestricted

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La presente tesis enfoca la posibilidad de innovación en la infraestructura deportiva, saliendo del esquema convencional de la tipología del polideportivo. Este proyecto plantea el desarrollo de un Polideportivo vertical, lo cual consiste en el apilamiento de chancas deportivas en niveles superiores. Por lo tanto, al estar ubicado en el emporio comercial de Gamarra, donde se encuentra el metro cuadrado más costoso de Lima, es pertinente desarrollar un Polideportivo de este tipo para obtener mayor área construida en los en las plataformas superiores. La idea primordial para emplazar un polideportivo en Gamarra es por la demanda deportiva tanto de los habitantes de la Victoria como los trabajadores de gamarra. Este segundo debido a que hay una demanda potencial gracias a la cultura deportiva que contempla este emporio desde los ultimo 70 años a través del mundialito del provenir, un evento popular callejero de gran magnitud realizada por el día del trabajador, donde participan las diferentes asociaciones de trabajadores deportista del emporio comercial de Gamarra. Por ende, unos de los criterios de diseño es lograr la identidad popular del entorno en el edificio y resaltar el aspecto tecnológico mediante el expresionismo estructural llevado a la megaestructura. Finalmente, el proyecto es consecuente con el plan de desarrollo de la municipalidad de La Victoria respecto a reducir la percepción de inseguridad ciudadana de los puntos negros de su distrito como lo son el Cerro San Cosme y el Cerro Pino, con la actividad deportiva como medio para combatir la delincuencia. / This thesis focuses on the possibility of innovation in sports infrastructure, departing from the conventional scheme of the sports center typology. This project proposes the development of a vertical Sports Center, which consists of stacking sports fields on higher levels. Therefore, being located in the Gamarra commercial emporium, where the most expensive square meter of Lima is located, it is pertinent to develop a sports center of this type to obtain a larger area built on the upper platforms. The main idea of locating a sports center in Gamarra is due to the sports demand of both the inhabitants of La Victoria and the workers in Gamarra. This second because there is a potential demand thanks to the sports culture that this emporium has had for the last 70 years through the Mundialito del Provenir, a popular large-scale street event held on labor Day, where the different associations of Sports Workers of the Gamarra commercial emporium. Therefore, one of the design criteria is to achieve the popular identity of the environment in the building and highlight the technological aspect through the structural expressionism brought to the megastructure. Finally, the project is consistent with the development plan of the municipality of La Victoria with regard to reducing the perception of citizen insecurity of black spots in its district such as Cerro San Cosme and Cerro Pino, with sports activity as a means of fight crime. / Tesis