Author: Bc. Ondřej Martínek Title: Physical activity and its quality in children with ADHD Objectives: The aim of the theoretical part of the work was to process the issue of ADHD, especially in children of younger school age. The work also aimed to present the possibilities of testing and therapy in physiotherapeutic practice. The aim of the practical part was to obtain information about the subjective evaluation of children's motor skills by the DCDQ questionnaire from the point of view of their parents, to get an idea of leisure activities and physiotherapy care and to compare test results (One Leg Stance Test and The Ladder Agility Test) of experimental group with control group. Methods: The research group consisting of 22 probands and the control group of 25 probands completed 2 standardized tests (The Ladder Agility Test, One Leg Stance Test). Their parents completed The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire and answered 2 open questions. The obtained data were evaluated in Microsoft Excel. A two-sample t-test (Welch version) was used for statistical processing. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the evaluation of probands by their parents with the ADHD questionnaire, but in practical motor tests no significant differences were found between the...

Vaccine hesitancy is considered a major threat to global health and social media is playing an increasingly significant role in spreading anti-vaccine sentiments. This study aims to track changes in the proportion of anti-vaccine tweets during a period of the Covid-19 pandemic and explore potential correlations between anti-vaccine stances and various factors of the pandemic situation. In particular, it aims to find which factors can best predict changes in vaccine stances and whether factors in the United States give better predictions than the global average. To gather data on vaccine stances on Twitter, stance detection is used through an implementation of a pre-trained Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model, fine-tuned using tweets labeled based on vaccine stance. This data is used to perform a correlation analysis between changes in proportion of anti-vaccine tweets over time and various factors of the pandemic situation, including confirmed Covid-19 cases and government policies. The analysis is performed by training linear regression models with variables from the pandemic data as independent variables. The model that performed the best, as measured by having the lowest Root Mean Square Error, was the one trained with the independent variables Vaccination policy (in the United States) and Containment health index (global average). Among the top 20 best performing models the most common variables were index-variables consisting of aggregations of individual indicators, suggesting that aggregated data may give more data for the model to base its predictions on. Vaccination policy and Stay at home requirements for the United States were collectively included in the four best performing models, giving support to the view that factors about the United States are better predictors than the global average. On the other hand, among the top 20 best performing models the majority of the independent variables were of the global average, which gives an opposite impression. In the end there are not enough results to draw any strong conclusion on this issue.

<div>Since the discovery of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in retired professional football players, the long-term neurological safety of these athletes has been called into</div><div>question. Studies revealed that those who play football are at higher risk for developing neurological deficits such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. It has also been observed that participation in contact sports can result in neurological changes detectable with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that do not present with any easily observable clinical symptoms. Changes in brain chemistry, structure, and blood flow have been observed over the course of a season of contact sports. These changes are thought to be caused by the repetitive head acceleration events (HAEs) sustained by contact sport athletes, with the magnitude and number of HAEs correlating with some changes. This dissertation aims to characterize and reduce the HAEs sustained by contact sport athletes with a specific focus on football players.</div><div><br></div><div>Studies of middle school and high school football players revealed that there are likely offsetting effects that result in similar HAEs between the two groups. As one plays at higher levels of play with typically bigger, stronger, faster athletes that should result in higher magnitude HAEs, there is likely an improvement in tackling technique used at higher levels that make it so there are similar HAEs among different levels of play. Examining middle school football and high school football and girls’ soccer athletes indicate that players that play on two teams (i.e. a player that plays both Varsity and Junior Varsity) may be at an increased risk for neurological changes due to over-exposure. It was revealed when studying post-collegiate football the up stance offensive linemen may help reduce the frequency of HAEs compared to the down stance. However, the skill of the offensive lineman needs to be accounted for to determine if it is beneficial for players to start in this stance.</div><div><br></div><div>Repetitive HAEs (rHAEs), whether due to body or direct head impacts arising from participation in contact sports, are correlated with alterations in white matter health. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), two metrics used to assess white matter structural integrity, typically change in opposite directions (one increases while the other decreases) after brain injury. This study investigated the manner in which participation in American football affects the percentage of white matter exhibiting the four possible change combinations: increased FA, increased MD; decreased FA, increased MD; increased FA, decreased MD; decreased FA, decreased MD. Diffusion tensor imaging data of 61 high school football and 15 non-contact athletes were analyzed. After a season of participation, football athletes exhibited a significantly greater percentage of deviant voxels in each of the four categories than were observed from test-retest of non-contact athletes. Even prior to a season of participation, football athletes exhibited significantly more voxels in each of the categories, relative to controls. Of particular concern is that voxels exhibiting jointly decreased FA and MD—a change typically associated with cell death—were observed at a significantly higher rate within football athletes than non-contact athletes. This finding suggests that rHAEs may increase the incidence of cell death, and argues for the greater adoption of methods aimed at reducing mechanical loading on the brain from rHAEs, both through reduction of the number of HAEs, and development of better protective equipment.</div><div><br></div><div>Rugby is a sport that is very similar to football in terms of physicality and overall objective, but there are marked differences in protective equipment and style of play. These differences in protective equipment result in different tackling rules and styles between the two sports that may influence the effect repetitive HAEs can have on neurological health. Therefore, the HAEs experienced over the course of the season by New Zealand collegiate (ages 16+) rugby athletes were characterized. The number of HAEs were compared by position (forward vs. backs) and the peak translation acceleration (PTA) of the HAE was analyzed by position, possession (offense vs. defense), and cause of HAE (tackle vs. ruck). Forwards (although not significantly) tended to sustain more HAEs than backs, but there were no differences in the magnitude of the HAEs by any of the types of comparisons. However, when considering possession and type of HAE simultaneously, it was found that HAEs in a defensive ruck are more severe than those sustained in an offensive ruck. This could be a potential place to work on player technique to reduce the PTA during these situations.</div><div><br></div><div>There are numerous studies that have utilized accelerometers to quantify head motion during a contact event, but a current gap in the field is quantification of the impact force. In order to capture high force events, an instrumented helmet using strain was built to capture this data. Strain gauges were adhered to the inside of a Riddell Speedflex helmet shell and then mounted onto a Hybrid III Headform for testing. The helmet was hit at four different locations (front, right, back, and left) and at different impulse ranges (2-5 Ns, 5-8 Ns, 8-11 Ns, and 11+ Ns). The strain gauges were able to classify the location of the hit with about 95% accuracy and were correlated the impact peak force and impulse. This suggests that it is possible to build an instrumented helmet to be worn by a football player during collision events to capture real impact force and location data.</div>

Title: The effect of instrumental lymphatic drainage of the lower limbs on postural stability in patients with unilateral lymphedema. Aims: The main aim of this study is to asses the effect of instrumental lymphatic drainage on the static and dynamic postural stability in people with unilateral lymphedema of the lower extremities. Summary: The study was done in October 2020. Due to the epidemiological situation around the Covid-19 pandemic, 13 probands aged 30-80 years were included in the study. The circumferences of the lower limbs were measured before and after the application of instrumental lymphatic drainage. The postural stability of the probands was tested on the ProKin252 posturograph with the following tests: Stability Compared Double Stance, Limits of Stability and Balance Both Feet. Measurements by these tests were performed before and after instrumental lymphatic drainage intervention, which lasted 50 minutes. Lower limb circumference results were written into recording sheets and test results were downloaded from the patient's file in PDF format. Final data were processed using LibreOffice Calc and SciPy library tools. To calculate differences, the following statistical methods were used: Shapiro-Wilk test, Student's T-test and Wilkoxon paired sequence test. We used Fisher's exact...

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Jessica Rode och Josefin Rode, Malmö Högskola, Lärarutbildningen. Resan i förskolans livskunskap-en studie baserad på sex pedagogers tankar och erfarenheter av att arbeta med livskunskap i förskolan.Vårt syfte och våra frågeställningar inriktar sig på vilken syn pedagoger ute i verksamheten har och hur de arbetar med livskunskap i förskolans vardag. Sammanfattningen av studiens analys vill vi ska inspirera till diskussioner kring ämnet. Vi ger en teoretisk översikt där teoretiker och forskare som fokuseras bl.a. är Piaget, Kholberg, Lögstrup, D. Mayer & Salovey, Gardner, Vygotskij, Antonovsky, Steinberg samt Dewey. Undersökningen har gjorts med hjälp av sex kvalitativa intervjuer. Vi har intervjuat två stycken pedagoger per förskola, på två olika förskolor, samt en pedagog på en tredje förskola. En intervju gjordes även med Eva Mathiasson Thorbert som har skrivit boken Hjärtestunder - livskunskap i förskolan (2006).Med utgångspunkt från pedagogers uppfattningar om livskunskap i förskolan samt metodboken Hjärtestunder, så har vi konkretiserat och problematiserat begreppet livskunskap. Sammanfattningsvis pekar det som framkommit ur intervjuerna och litteraturen på att begreppet livskunskap inte är helt lätt att definiera. Hur man definierar begreppet beror på vem som tolkar det och vilken situation man befinner sig. Pedagogerna arbetar olika med livskunskap beroende på barngruppens behov och förutsättningar. / Jessica Rode and Josefin Rode, University of Malmö, teatchers education. A journey about lifeknowledge in infant school- a study based on six pedagogues thoughts and experiences about working with lifeknowledge in infant school.Our purpose and our questions is about which experiences and opinions pedagogues have about the work with lifeknowledge in infant school, and which work method the prefer and are using. We want the summary of the studys analysis to inspire to discussions about the subject.We give an theoretical overview which includes theorists och researchers such as Piaget, Kholberg, Lögstrup, D. Mayer & Salovey, Gardner, Vygotskij, Antonovsky, Steinberg and Dewey.The research is based on six qualitative interviews. The interviews has been done with two pedagogues on each infant school, at two infant schools, and one pedagogue at a third infant school. An interview was also made with Eva Mathiasson Thorbert, the author of the book - Hjärtestunder - livskunskap i förskolan (2006).We have concretisiced and reviewed the conception of lifeknowledge, with a starting point from pedagogues understandings about lifeknowledge in infant school and the method book Hjärtestunder.The summary of what has been obvious from the interviews and the literature is that the conception of lifeknowledge is not easy to define. Definitions of the concept are done in different ways depending on which person who makes the interpretation and are related to personal experiences. Pedagogues works diffrent depending on their childrens conditions and needs.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative condition of cartilage and is the leading cost of disability in the United States. Motion analysis experiments in combination with knee-joint finite element (FE) analysis may be used to identify exercises that maintain knee-joint osteochondral (OC) loading at safe levels for patients at high-risk for knee OA, individuals with modest OC defects, or patients rehabilitating after surgical interventions. Therefore, a detailed total knee-joint FE model was developed by modifying open-source knee-joint geometries in order to predict OC tissue stress and strain during the stance phase of gait. The model was partially validated for predicting the timing and locations of maximum contact parameters (contact pressure, contact area, and principal Green-Lagrangian strain), but over-estimated contact parameters compared with both published in vivo studies and other FE analyses of the stance phase of gait. This suggests that the model geometry and kinematic boundary conditions utilized in this FE model are appropriate, but limitations in the material properties used, as well as potentially the loading boundary conditions represent primary areas for improvement.

Reading literature is a fundamental element in school work. This study focuses on the problem of pupils’ declining interest in reading literature and their deteriorating reading comprehension. The study seeks the reasons for this change by examining the learning goals of assignments constructed for the teaching of literature in upper secondary school. The assignment culture is studied on the basis of the learning goal viewed from two perspectives: teaching writing and teaching literature. To reveal the assignment culture, the study uses Ivanic’s (2004) discourses of learning to write and Rosenblatt’s (2006) concept of reading stances. The link between the perspectives of teaching writing and teaching literature is also emphasized in the aim of Gy2011, the curriculum for Swedish in upper secondary school, which describes the core of the subject as consisting of Swedish language and literature. From the findings of the study and the analysis one can discern the following associations: (1) the reading stance and the discourses of learning to write are affected by the content of Swedish as a school subject; (2) the occurrence of different discourses of learning to write affects the reading stance. These associations underline the importance of the teacher’s assignment constructions and their effect on how the pupil reads and assimilates literature.

This study enquires into the influence of the philosophical stance of a narrative pastoral therapist in therapeutic groups for people living with depression within a church context. For the purpose of this study, a philosophical stance is defined as a metaphorical position which represents the therapist's epistemological stance and which shapes his or her interactions with the therapy group members. An explanation of the building blocks of the therapist's preferred philosophical stance is provided, the influence of modern and postmodern discourses in developing such a stance is discussed, and the effects of the therapist's philosophical stance on the group members are explored. The research is directed towards everyone who is involved in pastoral therapeutic groups for people with depression. The study found that concepts such as 'relational', 'collaborative', 'participatory approach', 'mutual care,', 'self-other growth' and 'co-creation' highlight some of the most helpful contributions provided by the therapist's preferred philosophical stance. / Practical Theology / Thesis (M. Th. (Practical Theology with specialisation in Pastoral Therapy))-

Childlessness in the Czech Republic, Germany, and Austria Abstract The main goal of this thesis is to examine and compare the state of childlessness in the Czech Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany and Austria. In Germany particularly, childlessness has become a phenomenon and a society-wide issue. Austria, where childlessness is at a high level in comparison with other European countries is in a similar situation. Data analysis in this thesis showed that childlessness is more widespread in the former West Germany and Austria than in the Czech Republic and former East Germany. This difference is caused, among other things, by the pro-natal policies adopted in the former communist countries which led to a temporary increase in total fertility rate. Further, the thesis deals with the perception of parenthood and childlessness in society on the basis of the European Values Study 2008 international survey and with the relationship between the ideal and preferred number of children on the basis of the Eurobarometer 2006 international survey. The results of the surveys show that childlessness cannot be considered as a new kind of lifestyle, and that the preferred family form still involves two children. Considerable part of the study focuses on the causes and consequences of childlessness and its possible...