La législation relative à la recherche biomédicale est fondée historiquement sur le principe selon lequel la recherche et le soin constituent deux activités distinctes. Perçu comme le garant éthique de tout encadrement normatif de la recherche, ce principe a conduit en France à la création d’un cadre juridique spécifique pour les pratiques médicales expérimentales. En pratique cependant, un protocole de recherche biomédicale est souvent constitué d’actes de recherche intriqués avec les interventions du soin. La distinction entre les pratiques médicales et les interventions expérimentales peut être brouillée par l’objet de la recherche (le soin courant), par la méthodologie employée (l’évaluation en conditions réelles) ou encore par le faible niveau de l’intervention ajoutée par le protocole. Tant les dispositifs juridiques passés que les modèles présents occultent cette évidence en invoquant la séparation du soin et de la recherche. Pourtant la coexistence du soin avec la recherche a créé des tensions que le cadre juridique actuel ne peut résoudre. Il est manifeste que ces dernières n'ont été évacuées en rien par la création de deux régimes juridiques distincts, l'un relatif au soin et l'autre relatif à larecherche biomédicale. De plus, la séparation nette au plan normatif entre les deux activités a empêché l’indispensable réflexion sur l’articulation entre les obligations qui relèvent de la relation médicale et celles qui sont liées à la recherche, telle l'obligation d'assurer la continuité des soins. Le législateur, soucieux de garantir cette frontière, ne traite pas spécifiquement de ces questions. Il est dès lors essentiel de déterminer avec précision le contenu et l’étendue des obligations de soigner ainsi que de mieux encadrer le « soin courant » et le « standard de soin» dans le contexte de la recherche biomédicale. Dans ces conditions, le paradigme juridique centré sur la distinction soin-recherche a-t-il encore un sens? / A biomedical research protocol includes both medical and research interventions. Since its origins, the legal framework has ignored this evidence under the pretext that research and care are two distinct activities. That is why it is all the more essential to determine the nature and the scope of the duty of care and the standard of care used in the context of biomedical research. In parallel, there is a need to distinguish, from a regulatory perspective, this "standard of care" from any equivalent notions used in the context of usual care.

Purpose LGBTQ patients experience marginalization and discrimination when seeking healthcare in the Southern Region of the United States. As a result, they experience negative healthcare outcomes. Collecting sexual orientation/gender identity (SOGI data) is vital in decreasing health disparities and improving hospitalized LGBTQ patients’ quality of care. Providers cannot adequately assess health risk factors or deliver culturally competent care without SOGI data knowledge. Aims The aim is to collect SOGI data during intake to implement a standard of care to promote LGBTQ health outcomes and decrease marginalization. Processes To understand how to provide high-quality care to LGBTQ patients, providers receive instruction on the importance of collecting SOGI data and cultural competency training using the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association (GLMA) guideline. After IRB determined the project as not research involving human subjects, SOGI data questions (your current gender identity is and describe your sexual orientation) were added to the EHR demographic health history section. Provider adoption of collecting SOGI data is measured by extracting data from the EHR. Results Results will determine the providers’ responsiveness to implementing SOGI data questions into the EHR. Limitations Provider having a choice of collecting SOGI data, the small sample size of providers, and the project’s location are limitations. Conclusions LGBTQ individuals have more health inequities and face marginalization when accessing healthcare. SOGI data collection is essential for assessing health risk factors, improving health outcomes, and creating a safe and inclusive healthcare environment for LGBTQ patients.

Thesis title: Right to health and legitimate expectations in perspective of the standards and above-standards in Czech health care system This diploma thesis deals with the legal regulation of the right to health as a social right. In the first chapter, the genesis of the social rights, their specific characteristics and the social rights' role in relation to civil and political rights are analysed for the purpose of interpretation of the right to health. The actual problematics of legitimation crisis based on the states' inability to fulfil the obligations and expectations rising from social rights are later discussed. In relation to the socio-legal context, the international legislation as well as some specific national legislation of the right to health are analysed in detail within subsequent chapter. With this regard, the practice of the courts as well as the practice of the quasi-judicial bodies is considered in the following chapter, especially with respect to the right to health and its relation to some civil and political rights. The standardization process of right to health within this decision-making practice is also examined. Moreover, the right to health is explored in perspective of the Czech legislation. The diploma thesis deals with the content and the protection of the...

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Physical disability/physical handicap is an affection that is manifested by either temporary or permanent problems in motor diathesis of children. Physically disabled children may suffer from physical disability either from their birth or may acquire physical disability in the course of their lives. These problems may act in a negative manner on children perception and feeling and the same holds good for their near relatives. Problems come into existence in parent-physically handicapped child interrelation. The nursing model of Ms. Kathryn Barnard focuses on mutual interaction between parents and their children. In her model Ms. Kathryn Barnard points out the importance of the aforementioned parent-physically handicapped child interrelationship. On the basis of evaluation of the parent-child interactions based on three main factors: a child, mother, environment, a general child development is determined. The parent-child interaction affects a child development, child{\crq}s health, growth and development of a child. The aim of nursing care is to assist in finding a proper way of parent- physically disabled child interaction so that the nursing care may act on general development of a child in a positive manner. In this diploma work the following goal has been set: to find out and identify the most important problems existing in the parent-physically disabled child relation, and to evaluate possibilities of nursing care in solving problems arising at the parent-physically disabled child interaction. For the purpose of meeting these goals the following research questions has been established: What are the most important problems in the parent-physically handicapped child interaction? How can nursing care help in the parent-physically handicapped child interaction? What is the proper procedure for the nursing care of a physically disabled child and his/her close relatives? After carrying out research examinations the answers to the above-specified questions are as follows: 1. The most important problems lying in the parent-physically disabled child interaction are as follows: parent to reconcile himself/herself with his/her child's diagnosis, more frequent occurrence of stress situations, excessive emotional ties of the physically handicapped child with his/her nursing personnel. 2. The nurse can help by means of nursing process in an active manner solve the above-specified problems in interrelation between parent-physically handicapped children. On the basis of information having been gained by the study of professional literature and pieces of information obtained from the answers of the parents of physically disabled children a nursing documentation has been made in accordance with the Kathryn Barnard interaction model as well as nursing care standard of physically handicapped children. By finishing it both the third and fourth aims have been accomplished. Nurses providing care for physically disabled children have used the nursing documentation and it has proved useful and nursing personnel declared it satisfactory. The nursing documentation and the standard should help nurses in providing quality nursing care of physically handicapped children.

This diploma thesis is called "Relations of Medical Staff and Their Patients." The first part of this diploma thesis deals with patients' rights, their genesis, and the legislative base. It also includes disordered patients, whose patient's rights should not be forgotten during their hospitalization. A large part of my thesis consists of psychological, economic, legal and organizational system limits of the realization of these rights. This means relationship between a doctor and his patient, the source of health care funding, above standard medical care and the privatization of hospitals. The final part of this thesis focuses on the interaction between health professionals in social work and the patients. This thesis is enriched by an interview with the leader of social workers of a hospital in Prague, discussing new patients' right: right on a social worker.