In my thesis, I created a study of plan curved cable stayed pedestrian bridge. As the main construction material is used prestressed concrete. Suspenders and railing are made from steel. The footbridge has a length of 130,00 meters and a width of 3,70 meters. The plan shape of the structure is composed of two oposite arches. Bridge deck is made of box girder. The bridge deck is single-side suspended on two concrete pylons with a height of 39,00 m. Pylons are supported by suspender.

This diploma thesis aims to design a structure of pedestrian bridge over the Svratka river. To make a preliminary study of possible bridging, three different outlines were drafted. The cable-stayed variant was selected for further analysis. Two towers, inclined in both their longitudinal and transverse direction, support a cast-in-place post-tensioned concrete deck through stay cables anchored in the tower and the deck. After determining the desired initial state, a finite element analysis was carried out using the Ansys software. The capacity of all main load-bearing elements was checked so it meets the ULS and SLS design criteria in accordance with EN 1992 codes.

[pt] Colunas protendidas de aço representam uma excelente solução estrutural em escoramentos de grandes estruturas e em colunas de estruturas espaciais de apoio a lonas tensionadas de coberturas de grandes vãos. Após um estudo extensivo do comportamento teórico através do uso do programa ANSYS onde avaliou-se a geometria estrutural mais eficiente, níveis de protensão e características dos cabos de aço, foram então definidos os diversos ensaios experimentais a serem executados em colunas com doze metros de comprimento e com tubos de 89,3 mm de diâmetro. A característica inédita deste estudo é a execução de ensaios tri-dimensionais em escala real deste tipo de coluna. Foram executadas comparações de resultados teóricos com os obtidos experimentalmente e foram feitas recomendações de análise e projeto destas estruturas. / [en] Pre-stressed steel columns represent an efficient structural solution for a great variety of temporary/permanent supports systems including large span spatial structures using pre-tensioned fabrics. The first step of the present investigation comprised a painstaking investigation of the structural behaviour of these members with the aid of finite element simulations performed with the ANSYS program. Its results indicated trends for the determination of the most efficient structural geometries, steel ties pre-stressing levels and characteristics. With these results in hand, the investigation proceeded with full-scale experimental tests executed in twelve meters pre-stressed stayed steel columns with an approximately diameter of ninety millimetres. The main contribution of the present investigation was the conception, development and execution of new tri-dimensional full-scale tests for this load bearing systems. The test results enable theoretical and numerical results to be validated against experimental evidence later to be introduced in structural design codes.

The content of the diploma thesis is design urban bridge in Považská Bystrica. From three possible options was selected one, which represents cable stayed bridge-extradosed with four spans. This selected option was elaborated in detail in this diploma thesis. Design procedures and assessments were performed to comply with ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state according to valid europeans standarts. The calculation model was performed in program Midas Civil in logitudinal axis and in SCIA Engineer in transversal axis. Structural assessment were done manually. The part of the diploma thesis are detailed drawings and visualizations.

The aim of the doctoral thesis focuses on the static and dynamic analysis of a plan curved cable stayed and suspension pedestrian bridges suspended on a single-side of their deck. The first part of this thesis deals with an analysis of the equilibrium in the transversal direction of a deck cross section suspended on a single-side. The section and its arrangement should be designed so that the torsion caused by the deck self-weight and dead load would be minimal. This theory was verified on a simple study of a single-sided suspended section with and without prestressing. Second part of the thesis deals with the design of a study of a plan curved cable stayed pedestrian bridge. The study describes in detail a finding of an initial state of the structure and the static and dynamic analysis performed by software ANSYS. The static analysis describes the response of the structure on the most frequent variable loads only, but not design of dimensioning according to the valid codes. The dynamic analysis verifies a predisposition of the structure to the vibrations and others harmful oscillation effects. The next objective of the thesis was to design a study of a plan curved suspension pedestrian bridge suspended on a single-side. A process of an analysis of these structures has not found in any available references. Especially, the finding of an initial state of a suspension cable has not been documented anywhere and by anybody. The study was analyzed with the same geometry as the cable stayed variation in order to compare both structures. The static and dynamic analysis was performed, too. The last part of the thesis describes the verification of structural solution on a fully functional model in a 1:10 scale, proposed process of the initial state finding, response of the structures on the loading and ultimate load test. The important step is the comparison of the results of the completed physical model and the calculation model.

During recent years more and more emphasis has been put on saving and ecological aspects of the civil engineering industry. As the total volume of concrete being produced on our planet is immense (ca 1010 tons per year), the possibility of decreasing it by even a small percentage can bring large savings in material costs, transport and other costs and reduction of CO2 production and other pollution. Therefore, optimal analysis of design variables of concrete structures appears to be of high importance. Optimization is finding the best solution to a given problem. Many disciplines define different optimization problems and it is typically the minimum or maximum value of the objective function that is searched. It is known that mathematical procedures and algorithms to find an optimal structural design are used in practice in mechanical engineering, but the use of these tools in civil engineering is rather exceptional. Generally, scientific works deal with the optimal design of structures only. Finding of an optimal shape and dimensions is usually a question of the engineer’s experience and good “guess”, which is then verified by calculation. There are many reasons explaining why optimization in common practise is used only occasionally. One of them is the absence of proper user friendly software tools which could help within relatively short time available for structural design. Another reason is the complexity of optimization tasks as well as a lot of constraints in civil engineering design codes. Last but not least, the change of design variables of buildings, bridges and structures of special types do not express regular response. This issue is discussed in the submitted work.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:03:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lilian pureza.pdf: 2774999 bytes, checksum: 2a074d04ee02c7e1c87fdbe8c2c68ef6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-20 / The aim of this work is to present a formulation and corresponding computational implementation for sizing optimization of plane frames and cable-stayed columns considering geometric non liner behavior. The structural analysis is based on the finite element method using the updated lagrangian approach for plane frame and cable elements, which are represented by plane truss elements. The non linear system is solved by the Newton-Raphson method coupled to load increment strategies such as the arch length method and the generalized displacement parameter method, which allow the algorithm to transpose any critical point that happen to appear along the equilibrium path. In the optimization process the design variables are the heights of the crosssection of the frame elements, the objective function represents the volume of the structure and the constraints impose limits to displacements and critical load. Lateral constraints impose limits to the design variables. The finite difference method is used in the sensitivity analysis of the displacement and critical load constraints. The optimization process is carried out using three different optimization strategies: the sequential quadratic programming algorithm; the interior points algorithm; and the branch and bound method. Some numerical experiments are carried out so as to test the analysis and the sensitivity strategies. Numerical experiments are presented to show the validity of the implementation presented in this dissertation. / O objetivo deste trabalho é a otimização de dimensões de pórticos planos e de colunas estaiadas planas pela minimização do volume da estrutura, considerando os efeitos da não-linearidade geométrica em seu comportamento. A formulação utiliza, para análise das estruturas, elementos finitos de pórtico e de treliça planos e referencial lagrangeano atualizado. O método de Newton-Raphson foi utilizado como estratégia para solução do sistema de equações não lineares. Foram acopladas estratégias especiais para ultrapassagem de pontos críticos que possam existir ao longo da trajetória de equilíbrio, tais como o comprimento de arco cilíndrico e o controle dos deslocamentos generalizados. Na otimização, as variáveis de projeto são as alturas das seções transversais dos elementos, a função objetivo é o volume do material e as restrições dizem respeito a limitações impostas a deslocamentos e à carga limite, além de limitações impostas aos valores das variáveis. A sensibilidade da função objetivo foi obtida por diferenciação direta e a sensibilidade das restrições pelo método das diferenças finitas. Foram utilizados o algoritmo de programação quadrática seqüencial, PQS, o algoritmo de pontos interiores, PI, e o algoritmo de Branch and Bound, B&B. São apresentados exemplos de validação das estratégias de análise não linear e da análise de sensibilidade, além dos exemplos de validação da formulação empregada para a otimização resolvidos pelos métodos implementados.

L’action civile peut être exercée, au choix de la victime, soit devant les juridictions civiles soit devant les juridictions répressives (art. 15 et 16 CPPI). Quelle que soit la voie choisie, il existe d’importants liens entre l’action civile et l’action publique qui reflète une certaine dépendance de l’action civile à l’action publique. L’action civile exercée devant les juridictions répressives, principalement justifiée par le souci de simplifier et faciliter la procédure, est l’accessoire de l’action publique dans son existence, son exercice et son jugement. Lorsque l’action civile est exercée devant les juridictions civiles, les rapports entre ces deux actions se manifestent par deux règles complémentaires : le sursis à statuer et l’autorité de la chose jugée au pénal sur le civil (art. 227 CPCI et 18 CPPI). Principalement justifiées par le souci d’éviter des décisions contradictoires, ces règles obligent le juge civil à attendre la décision du juge pénal, et, ensuite, se conformer à cette décision. Cette recherche a étudiée toutes les manifestations juridiques des liens entre l’action publique et l’action civile telles qu’elles existent dans le droit positif iranien afin d’établir les conditions de la rationalisation de leur exercice à la lumière de l’expérience française. Cette étude propose donc des solutions afin de mettre fin aux effets indésirables de ces liens, surtout quant au principe d’autorité de la chose jugée au pénal sur le civil prévue expressément par l’article 18 du nouveau code de procédure pénale iranien 2015 / Civil action may be brought, by the option of the victim, to the civil courts or to the criminal courts (art. 15 and 16 CPPI). Regardless of the victim’choice, important links are created between the civil action and the public action. these links reflect a certain dependence of the civil action for public one. The civil action brought to the criminal courts is mainly justified by the need to simplify and facilitate the procedure. This action is such an incident to the public action in its existence, its practice and its judgment.When the civil action is brought to the civil courts, links between these two actions are manifested in two complementary rules : the stay of proceedings and the authority of res judicata on the civil criminal (art. 227 CPCI and 18 CPPI). These complementary rules are justified by the need to avoid conflicting decision. Therefore, they force the civil court to await the decision of the criminal court, and then comply with this decision. This thesis is a study of all legal manifestations of the links between public action and civil action as they exist in the Iranian criminal law regarding to the French experience in the matter. This study proposes solutios to end the negative effects of these links, especially on the principle of authority of res judicata on criminal civil expressly provide by the article 18 of the new Iranian criminal proceeding law

This master thesis deals with the dynamic analysis of a footbridge. Computational model of the footbridge was created using ANSYS software. The model was subjected to dynamic wind load in longitudal and lateral direction. Furthermore pedestrian load in lateral direction was analyzed. Afterwards, due to unsatisfactory response to the pedestrian laod, a tuned mass damper was introduced to reduce the vibration. This lead to decrease in the vibration to a satisfactory levels, as is shown in the analyses of the model.

The thesis focuses on design of prestressed concrete footbridge which passes pedestrian and bicycle path over the Elbe river near city of Celakovice in the Czech Republic. Three different bridge options were analyzed and for further development a cable-stayed footbridge was chosen. Its bridge deck is formed of a box girder supported by cables in its vertical axis and all cable stays are anchored into two concrete A-shaped pylons. This structure was analyzed in SCIA Engineer and assessment of serviceability limit states and ultimate limit states according to recent European standards (Eurocodes) was made. Both the global structural behavior and the local structural integrity of box cross-section were assessed as well as construction stages and cross-sections of pylons and cable stays. Assessments were performed in IDEA StatiCa combined with hand calculations. Eventually a dynamic response of structure was analyzed. Natural modes and frequencies were found and forced oscillation response was evaluated. The thesis includes technical drawings, construction process and visualization.