In the era of knowledge economy, the foundation of the organization is not money, material capital, or technology, but is human capital and knowledge. During the recent years, Taiwanese enterprises have faced the trend of globalization. For many international companies, their overseas subsidiaries have grown at a rate faster than ever before. Therefore, researchers have begun to emphasize on the management issues of overseas subsidiaries, especially in the human capital. The purpose of this research is to develop a framework of strategic human capital at the subsidiary level in international companies. In this framework, we first categorize international human capital at the subsidiary level. Then the analyses of the determinants of international human capital are undertaken. Using a sample of Taiwanese companies who have subsidiaries operating globally, we test a set of hypotheses among the variables. The major findings of this study are listed below: I. The international company¡¦s human capital can be categorized into three types: 1. Input of human capital; 2. Transformation of human capital, including the executive¡¦s leadership of knowledge and vision, and employees¡¦ ability of entrepreneurship and innovation; 3. Output of human capital. II. Based on the cluster analysis, four different strategic roles of overseas subsidiaries have been found. 1. Integrated player; 2. Implementor; 3. Local Innovator; 4. Moderate subsidiary, instead of a global innovator. III. Different characteristics of organization also bring different composites of human capital. 1. Investment ratio of a parent company has significant differences on input of human capital. 2. The established years of a subsidiary have a significant difference on input of human capital. 3. Employees in different geometrical areas have significant differences on the employees¡¦ ability of entrepreneurship and innovation. 4. The number of employees has significant differences on input of human capital. IV. Strategic roles of overseas subsidiaries (including inflow of knowledge and outflow of knowledge) are the crucial determinants of international human capital (including input of human capital, the executive¡¦s leadership of knowledge and vision, employees¡¦ ability of entrepreneurship and innovation, and output of human capital). However, their relationships are moderated by subsidiary¡¦s characteristics of organization.

A study of middle management strategic roles on organizational performance under business transformation ¡V Based on the examples of CHT southern branch Abstract Under the wave of globalization and liberalization, all enterprises face vigorous competition. The enterprises must adjust their resources and strategy to survive. By organization change or defining different kinds attractive target segment, changing the structure or creating another new operating models for the future. The middle manager works between top managers and line level. They are the first ones to grasp customer information and respond the environment demand for organization. It follows the up-level¡¦s demands to do the planned and creative activities. It leads, manages and nurtures the down level. Whether the middle manager engages in the role appropriately or not is the key factor to the organization success. The aim of this research has attempted to address the effect of the CHT¡¦s middle mangers under business transformation and how to play their different strategic role ¡V championing, facilitating, synthesizing and implementing. Therefore, this research bases on the survey of the CHT¡¦s southern branch. There are 400 questionnaires in total and response received 301 valid. By statistic analysis method get some findings as follows: 1.Personality trait, transformation leadership and transaction leadership are significant affect to the middle management strategic roles. 2.Personality trait and transformation leadership significantly affect to the organization performance. 3.The middle management strategic roles are significantly affecting the organizational performance. 4.The middle management facilitating role is the mediator between personality trait and customer satisfaction. 5.Different middle management strategic roles groups have significant difference. Those who belong to Positive-type middle managers were considered to contribute mostly to organizational performance.

With the relocation of the production base and market of printed circuited board (PCB) industry, the enterprise value activities of Taiwan PCB house extended to overseas gradually, especially to Mainland China. Therefore, the business operation was changed to the complex multinational corporation (MNC) management style from the simple single-side enterprise management style. It is an important issue for MNC to how to design or find the suitable management control system (MCS) and to integrate and allocation the enterprises operation resource to keep the good business performance and achieve MNC¡¦s development goal or target by the suitable MCS. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between MNC organization, subsidiary strategic role, MCS and business performance through interview with five Taiwan PCB houses who invested in Mainland China at least five years. The study results are as following: 1.The design of MCS for MNC¡¦s parent company and subsidiaries is based on the subsidiary strategic role, management characteristic and organization type. 2.The parent company of Taiwan MNC would like to modify their own MCS while subsidiary¡¦s business operation scale or situation has any change. 3.Since the MCS is executed efficiently, the operating performance of these case companies can be kept at a certain level.

Chief executives (CEOs) and other senior managers do not seem to be satisfied with the performance of their corporate communication managers/practitioners. Perceptions are that practitioners fail to assume broad decision making roles in organisations. They seem to be unable to see the big picture or understand the key issues in their industry-their thinking is tactical, rather than strategic. Practitioners are focused on their own activities and media, on the achievement of communication goals and objectives--without necessarily linking them to business goals. There appears to be a lack of understanding between top management and the corporate communication function on the latter's role in the strategic management process. This situation might be the result of a lack of strategic management and strategic communication knowledge and skills amongst corporate communication managers, possibly caused by insufficient training in these areas (Groenewald 1998a). The research objectives addressed by this study are the following: Firstly, to conceptualise a strategic role for the corporate communication practitioner at the top management level of the organisation (the role of the PR strategist). This is done by investigating the strategic management literature to determine whether a need exists at the top management level to play a strategic role. The behavioural activities of such a role were identified both from the public relations and the strategic management literature. Secondly, to conceptualise corporate communication strategy as an activity of a corporate communication practitioner in the role of the· PR manager, a strategic role at the functional or meso level of the organisation. Furthermore, to differentiate a corporate communication strategy from a communication plan. Thirdly, to hypothesise a model for developing corporate communication strategyand thereafter to implement, evaluate and improve the model by assessing and comparing the corporate communication strategy projects of third year corporate communication students at the University of Pretoria, as partners in the action research process. The research approach selected is qualitative research-an exploratory design is employed in achieving the first three objectives by means of a literature investigation. A confirmatory design is used for the implementation, evaluation and improvement of the model through the methodology of action research. In implementing, evaluating and revising the hypothesised model, this study moves away from the traditional teacher-centred approach in the classroom to a situation where students are involved in a research inquiry to build theory. At the same time, the participant community (non-profit organisations in this case) is exposed to strategic communication knowledge. They are involved in a process whereby they become active participants (together with the students and the lecturer/researcher) in developing corporate communication strategy for their organisations. The results are twofold': firstly, staff members of the non-profit organisation (as well as the students) acquire strategic communication skills; and secondly, the researcher investigates a new area of interest, builds theory, and facilitates a learning process for students whereby they obtain experience and knowledge that is applicable to practice. In conceptualising both a new role for the corporate communication practitioner at the top management level (the role of the PR strategist), and proposing corporate communication strategy as the link between the communication plan and the corporate strategy, an attempt is made to provide possible solutions to important problems in practice. Copyright / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2000. / Communication Management / MCom / Unrestricted

As empresas têm observado as mudanças no ambiente externo e têm notado a necessidade de se adaptarem a essas mudanças para se manterem no mercado, criarem vantagem competitiva e buscarem a excelência dos seus serviços. Para a área de recursos humanos as mudanças também são necessárias, pois ela congrega as pessoas na organização e determina as políticas e práticas condizentes ao negócio da empresa. Assim, as empresas se reestruturam frente às alterações vindas do seu ambiente de atuação e para isso, elas contam com a área de RH para que os funcionários desempenhem suas funções adequando-as aos objetivos estratégicos propostos por elas. Este trabalho buscou pesquisar empresas brasileiras classificadas entre as 150 melhores para se trabalhar segundo a revista VOCÊ S/A EXAME (2007) com a finalidade de identificar e descrever o papel que a área de RH das empresas brasileiras tem adotado diante dos desafios organizacionais e da evolução da função de RH e de suas políticas e práticas. Por meio de um questionário baseado no estudo americano de Lawler et al. (2006), aplicou-se a pesquisa e com a contribuição de 21 responsáveis da área de RH, pode-se concluir que as mudanças estão sendo trabalhadas na busca de atribuir ao RH o papel de parceiro estratégico, porém o papel identificado nos resultados da pesquisa como o mais forte, das áreas de RH das empresas, foi o papel de parceiro de negócios. / Companies have seen the changes in the external environment and have noted the need to adapt to these changes to stay in the market, creating competitive advantage and to pursue excellence of its services. In the area of human resources changes are also necessary because it brings people together in the organization and determines the policies and practices consistent to the business of the company. Thus, companies restructure its ahead of the coming changes to their environment of work and for this, they hope that HR area contribute with employees perform their duties adapting them to the strategic objectives proposed by them. This study aimed searching Brazilian companies classified among the 150 best to work according to the magazine VOCÊ S/A EXAME (2007) in order to identify and describe the role that the area of HR of Brazilian companies have adopted before the organizational challenges and the evolution of the function of HR and their policies and practices. By means of a questionnaire based on the american study of Lawler et al. (2006), applied to research and with the contribution of 21 responsible people of HR area, we can conclude that the changes are being worked in seeking to give the role of the HR strategic partner, but the paper identified in the results of search as the strongest, that human resources areas of enterprises have the role of business partner.

As empresas têm observado as mudanças no ambiente externo e têm notado a necessidade de se adaptarem a essas mudanças para se manterem no mercado, criarem vantagem competitiva e buscarem a excelência dos seus serviços. Para a área de recursos humanos as mudanças também são necessárias, pois ela congrega as pessoas na organização e determina as políticas e práticas condizentes ao negócio da empresa. Assim, as empresas se reestruturam frente às alterações vindas do seu ambiente de atuação e para isso, elas contam com a área de RH para que os funcionários desempenhem suas funções adequando-as aos objetivos estratégicos propostos por elas. Este trabalho buscou pesquisar empresas brasileiras classificadas entre as 150 melhores para se trabalhar segundo a revista VOCÊ S/A EXAME (2007) com a finalidade de identificar e descrever o papel que a área de RH das empresas brasileiras tem adotado diante dos desafios organizacionais e da evolução da função de RH e de suas políticas e práticas. Por meio de um questionário baseado no estudo americano de Lawler et al. (2006), aplicou-se a pesquisa e com a contribuição de 21 responsáveis da área de RH, pode-se concluir que as mudanças estão sendo trabalhadas na busca de atribuir ao RH o papel de parceiro estratégico, porém o papel identificado nos resultados da pesquisa como o mais forte, das áreas de RH das empresas, foi o papel de parceiro de negócios. / Companies have seen the changes in the external environment and have noted the need to adapt to these changes to stay in the market, creating competitive advantage and to pursue excellence of its services. In the area of human resources changes are also necessary because it brings people together in the organization and determines the policies and practices consistent to the business of the company. Thus, companies restructure its ahead of the coming changes to their environment of work and for this, they hope that HR area contribute with employees perform their duties adapting them to the strategic objectives proposed by them. This study aimed searching Brazilian companies classified among the 150 best to work according to the magazine VOCÊ S/A EXAME (2007) in order to identify and describe the role that the area of HR of Brazilian companies have adopted before the organizational challenges and the evolution of the function of HR and their policies and practices. By means of a questionnaire based on the american study of Lawler et al. (2006), applied to research and with the contribution of 21 responsible people of HR area, we can conclude that the changes are being worked in seeking to give the role of the HR strategic partner, but the paper identified in the results of search as the strongest, that human resources areas of enterprises have the role of business partner.

本個案分析以奇異塑膠台灣子公司為例，說明在面對各跨國公司區域整合紛紛將將區域總公司設在中國的趨勢，台灣產業外移，奇異塑膠台灣子公司如何避免被邊緣化的威脅？ 說明台灣在2000年初、電子組裝產業由OEM 轉型為ODM，及雖然生產線外移但是產業仍將研發連同規格制定仍舊保留在台灣。而奇異塑膠台灣的子公司經理人如何發揮他的創業家精神，利用這些規格制定留台灣優勢的因素、還有他的敏銳的觀察力發現電子產業的國際與大中華區域之間的價值鏈，善用他與總公司與姊妹公司的良好關係兜售他的創意、取得母公司的支持資源、而培養奇異塑膠台灣子公司在電子組裝產業獨特的能力，進而對在中國的姊妹子公司做出貢獻。而這ㄧ連串的主導活動奇異塑膠台灣子公司不但沒有被邊緣化，反而子公司因此轉型，子公司經理人運用他的創意制定“台商規格制定的生意的平台“使子公司的地位在電子產業處於更重要的策略角色，組織不但未被縮編、還因此增加人員、且獲得總公司的認可，更將重要的電子產業的全球角色成員編列在台灣及ㄧ系列的獨特資源。 筆者也將此個案與歷年的文獻做比對，讓個案更有學理的基礎，可以有信心的用本文作為跨國公司在台灣的子公司做為發展的參考及勉勵，並且個案所述的價值鏈及台商規格制定的生意的平台是可以套用在任何國籍或跨區域需要規格制定的產業上。希望這個成功的模式可以幫助別人。 / This case study uses GE Plastic as an example to illustrate how a Taiwanese branch prevailed when facing the global trend that international corporations, including Taiwanese firms, restructured their district headquarters to mainland China. Taiwan GE Plastic general manager leveraged Taiwan’s unique advantages on product specifications to gain strategic importance and supports from its global and regional headquarter. This manager realized several facts: first, although Taiwan moved its manufacturing components to mainland China. Taiwan kept its designing capabilities in-house; second. Greater China needs Taiwan’s capabilities to complete the value chain and generate profits; third, she maintained favorable relationships with the global headquarter and China regional headquarter. In lights of these facts, she sold an innovative concept to the global headquarter and attained resources to create a platform that kept Taiwan GE plastic relevant. This “speciation-dictating” platform enabled Taiwan GE Plastic to dominate its industry and contribute enormously to its sibling, the China branch. Not only wasn’t it marginalized, Taiwan GE Plastic placed itself in a key strategic position and gained recognition from its mother headquarter. This platform is not bounded by a particular industry and can be used in many other domains. Practitioners from other industries in Taiwan may gain insightful implications from this case and reposition their Taiwan branches in a vantage point.