The term 'hard to reach' first appeared in the Health Visiting Review (Lowe 2007). This review claimed that the health visiting service was able and experienced in reaching the 'hard to reach'. Yet there was a dearth of health visiting literature on what this concept meant and how it was interpreted in practice. A wide literature review was undertaken which examined government child health policies on reducing health inequalities and how the targeting of services to meet the needs of 'vulnerable', 'disadvantaged' or 'hard to reach' families had developed. The literature review identified how the concept of risk in relation to child health promotion had been defined and redefined since the 1970s. The latest shift involved the identification of 'new social risks' and the promotion of early intervention to prevent social exclusion and health inequalities. At the time of the study's inception, health visiting was a service both in decline and under threat. In contrast, the development of new early intervention programmes such as Sure Start (National Evaluation of Sure Start 2005), On Track (Doherty et al. 2003) and intensive home visiting (Barlow et al. 2005) also led to the critical examination of the concept of 'hard to reach'. In response to the lack of information on the concept of 'hard to reach' in health visiting, I set out to examine critically how Health Visitors (HVs) working in a disadvantaged area conceptualised and operationalised the concept of 'hard to reach'. This qualitative ethnographic case study (Yin 2003), by using research methods of focus groups, participant observation of a Well-Baby Clinic and interviews, gathered perceptions and experiences of HVs and service users. Thematic analysis was guided by Gee's (2005) method of critical discourse analysis and revealed how the term was contested by HV practitioners. It was considered a broad term that in practice could be applied widely and negatively as a label for non-engaging service users; yet themes emerged which also demonstrated how HVs related to and constructed the concept in their day-to-day practices of client engagement. The findings were categorised and a typology was developed in relation to the reach of health visiting within a predominantly deficit model of health. The typology consists of four types, all of which relate to the 'reach' of the health visiting service at the interpersonal level. The first type, the 'easy to reach' client, highlights the diversity of clients: not all clients living within a disadvantaged area were 'hard to reach'. This category also identifies how some clients living within this disadvantaged area developed relationships with HVs. Including the type 'easy to reach' within the typology acknowledges the diversity of clients living within an area of disadvantage, and also the facilitators in HV/Client relationships. The second type identified was the 'emotionally hard to reach' client, and identifies characteristics of clients who had a tentative relationship with the health visiting service. Working with 'emotionally hard to reach' clients involved negotiation and the building of trust at each encounter. The third type, 'physically hard to reach', developed following the identification of a range of barriers that reduced access to vulnerable clients. The fourth type, 'hard to reach services', arose from the findings - and this type relates to barriers created by the organisation of the health visiting service in a disadvantaged area. The typology highlights the importance of both clients' and HVs' engagement in the development of working relationships. It recognises the organisational structures and discourses that act as barriers and facilitators to client engagement. It recommends that health visiting should take the opportunity offered in the Health Visitor Implementation Plan (DH 2011) to develop a health visiting service underpinned with a strengths-based model of public health.

Tyrimo tikslas – panagrinėti darbuotojų kvalifikacijos kėlimo ir charakterio stiprybių sąsajas su nesaugumu dėl darbo vietos. Tiriamieji darbo vietose pildė apklausos anketą, kurią sudaro kvalifikacijos kėlimą vertinantys klausimai, L. Francis ir J. Barling (2005) sukurta 5 punktų skalė, matuojanti nesaugumą dėl darbo vietos, Bendrojo saviveiksmingumo skalė, sukurta M. Jerusalem ir R. Schwarzer (1979) bei VIA Charakterio stiprybių klasifikacijos trumpasis variantas. Tyrime dalyvavo 149 valstybinių įstaigų darbuotojai: 61 Valstybinio miškotvarkos instituto darbuotojas, 62 dviejų Kauno miesto vidurinių mokyklų darbuotojai ir 26 dėstytojai iš dviejų Kauno aukštųjų mokyklų. Iš jų 69 vyrai ir 80 moterų. Buvo nustatytos darbuotojų nesaugumo sąsajos su jų profesija: miškininkai patiria mažesnį nesaugumą dėl darbo vietos nei pedagogai. Skiriasi ir kvalifikacijos kėlimo bei nesaugumo dėl darbo sąsajos. Miškininkų grupėje buvo nustatyti ryšiai tarp darbuotojų dalyvavimo su darbu susijusiuose mokymuose ir nesaugumo dėl darbo, bei darbdavio palaikymo keliant kvalifikaciją ir nesaugumo dėl darbo. Pedagogų nesaugumas nesisiejo nei su jų kvalifikacijos kėlimu, nei su darbdavio palaikymu. Taip pat buvo nustatytos saviveiksmingumo, geranoriškumo, narsos, lyderystės bei entuziazmo sąsajos su nesaugumu dėl darbo miškininkų grupėje ir saviveiksmingumo, atkaklumo, meilės bei dvasingumo sąsajos su nesaugumu dėl darbo pedagogų grupėje. / This study aimed to determine employees training, character strengths and job insecurity links. 61 Forest Inventory and Management Institute employees, 87 teachers of two Kaunas secondary schools and two Kaunas High schools took part in a survey. Employees in their workplaces filled in questionnaires which included Job insecurity scale, The General Self-Efficacy scale and The VIA Classification of Strengths and Virtues (Short form). Demographic questions as well as the questions about employees training during a year period were included. After performing data analysis, the study found that job insecurity differs in groups according to employees profession. Foresters feel less insecure than teachers does. The data demonstrates that job related training and support of employer is directly related to job insecurity of foresters. The same relationship wasn’t detected in teachers group. The analysis of correlations among job insecurity and character strengths demonstrates that job insecurity is negatively associated with employees self – efficacy, bravery, kindness, love, leadership, zest, perseverance and spirituality.

Diploma theses represents project of marketing a communication strategy of manufacturing company. This work includes situation analysis of present situation including evaluation of weaknesses and streghts of the company, opportunities and threaths and on the basis of this analysis particular marketing and communication strategy, budget and timing has been designed.

A energia não adiabática do estado fundamental para o átomo de hélio é obtida com o formalismo adiabático hiperesférico (HAA). Curvas de potencial, acoplamentos não adiabáticos e funções de canal são calculados por um procedimento numericamente exato baseado em uma expansão analítica das funções de canal. As equações radiais acopladas são resolvidas por técnicas usuais. A convergência do procedimento é investigada conforme os acoplamentos não adiabáticos são sistematicamente introduzidos. Com a inclusão, pela primeira vez, de onze curvas de potencial e funções de canal obtém-se uma energia para o estado fundamental que difere do melhor cálculo variacional por 0.1 partes por milhão. As forças de oscilador para as transições discretas do hélio na \"length-form\" e \"acceleration-form\" também são calculadas. Concluímos que o HAA não está mais obstruído pela falta de uma prescrição para se obter funções de onda de precisão arbitrária para sistemas coulombianos. / The nonadiabatic ground state for the helium atom is obtained with the hyperspherical adiabatic approach (HAA). Potential curves, nonadiabatic couplings, and channel functions are calculated by a numerically exact procedure based on the analytical expansion of the channel functions. The coupled radial equations are solved by standard techniques. The convergence of the procedure is investigated as nonadiabatic couplings are systematically introduced. The inclusion, for the first time, of eleven potential curves and channel functions gives a groundstate energy that differs from the best variational calculation by 0.1 parts per million. The oscillator strength for the discrete helium transitions in the length-form and acceleration-form are also presented. We conclude that the HAA is no longer hampered by the lack of prescription for the obtainment of arbitrary precision wave functions for Coulombic systems.

A energia não adiabática do estado fundamental para o átomo de hélio é obtida com o formalismo adiabático hiperesférico (HAA). Curvas de potencial, acoplamentos não adiabáticos e funções de canal são calculados por um procedimento numericamente exato baseado em uma expansão analítica das funções de canal. As equações radiais acopladas são resolvidas por técnicas usuais. A convergência do procedimento é investigada conforme os acoplamentos não adiabáticos são sistematicamente introduzidos. Com a inclusão, pela primeira vez, de onze curvas de potencial e funções de canal obtém-se uma energia para o estado fundamental que difere do melhor cálculo variacional por 0.1 partes por milhão. As forças de oscilador para as transições discretas do hélio na \"length-form\" e \"acceleration-form\" também são calculadas. Concluímos que o HAA não está mais obstruído pela falta de uma prescrição para se obter funções de onda de precisão arbitrária para sistemas coulombianos. / The nonadiabatic ground state for the helium atom is obtained with the hyperspherical adiabatic approach (HAA). Potential curves, nonadiabatic couplings, and channel functions are calculated by a numerically exact procedure based on the analytical expansion of the channel functions. The coupled radial equations are solved by standard techniques. The convergence of the procedure is investigated as nonadiabatic couplings are systematically introduced. The inclusion, for the first time, of eleven potential curves and channel functions gives a groundstate energy that differs from the best variational calculation by 0.1 parts per million. The oscillator strength for the discrete helium transitions in the length-form and acceleration-form are also presented. We conclude that the HAA is no longer hampered by the lack of prescription for the obtainment of arbitrary precision wave functions for Coulombic systems.

L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier les ressources psychologiques qui favorisent l’épanouissement pour une insertion professionnelle rapide. Nous avons mené une démarche comparative entre deux moments : en amont et en aval de la transition université-emploi. L’objectif étant de voir comment ces ressources se développent-elles tout au long de la transition. La recherche s’est déroulée en Tunisie. La population étudiée concerne les jeunes diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur qui se caractérisent par un faible taux d’employabilité et un fort taux de chômage. Ces étudiants poursuivent des études en Sciences Humaines et Sociales, en Lettres, en Sciences Economiques et en Droit. Deux groupes sont considérés dans cette population : un groupe d’étudiants en fin de parcours universitaire (en amont de la transition) et un groupe de diplômés en insertion professionnelle (en aval de la transition). Nous avons procédé à une méthodologie mixte articulant une étude qualitative exploratoire basée sur l’analyse de discours, et une étude quantitative. Nous avons procédé à la validation des outils de mesure psychométriques dans le contexte tunisien, tels que l’échelle d’épanouissement (Diener, 2010), l’échelle d’adaptabilité de carrière, version courte (CAAS-SF) (Maggiori, Rossier, & Savickas, 2017), l’échelle de « connaissance de ses forces » (Govindji & Linley, 2007) et l’Inventaire des forces de caractère (VIA-72). Des analyses de corrélation, de régression linéaire et hiérarchique et une modélisation par équation structurelle par la méthode PLS ont été conduites. Les résultats des deux études révèlent que l’épanouissement joue un rôle considérable dans le développement de l’adaptabilité de carrière et dans une insertion professionnelle rapide. Les ressources psychologiques sont mobilisées différemment en amont et en aval de la transition. Les forces de l’optimisme agissent positivement en amont de la transition. Les forces de la sagesse, les forces de la tempérance et le comportement proactif favorisent une insertion professionnelle rapide. En prenant appui à la fois sur ces résultats et sur la revue de la littérature, nous proposons des actions à mener au niveau institutionnel pour promouvoir l’épanouissement et le comportement proactif au sein des structures universitaires. Nous discutons l’élaboration de dispositifs d’appui à la transition université-emploi dans le cadre d’une collaboration régionale méditerranéenne transculturelle et multidisciplinaire. / The purpose of this work is to study the psychological resources that promote the development for fast reemployment. We applied a comparative approach between two phases: the before and after of University to Work Transition (STWT). The goal is to see how these resources develop throughout the transition. The research took place in Tunisia. Our study focuses on young gradudates of higher education suffering from low employability and high unemployment rate that complicates their reemployment. These students pursue studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Literature, Economics, and Law. Two groups are considered: A group of students at the end of their university studies (before the transition) and a group of graduates in a reemployment period (after the transition). We made use of a mixed methodology articulating an exploratory qualitative study based on discourse analysis, and a quantitative empirical study. We have validated psychometric scales in the Tunisian context, such as the scale of Flourishing (Diener, 2010), the scale of Career Adpatability Short Version (CAAS-SF) (Maggiori, Rossier, & Savickas, 2017), the "Strenghts Knowledge" scale (Govindji & Linley, 2007) and the Character Strengths Inventory (VIA-72). Correlation, linear and hierarchical regression analyses and structural equation modeling using the PLS method were conducted. The results of both studies reveal that flourishing plays a significant role in developing career adaptability and rapid reemployment. Psychological resources are mobilized differently before and after the transition. The strengths of optimism contribute positively before the transition. The strenghts of wisdom, the temperance and proactive behavior promote rapid reemployment. Based on both results and the literature review, we propose a set of actions to be taken at the institutional level to promote the development and proactive behavior within academic structures. We discuss the development of support schemes for university-employment transition as part of a cross-cultural and multidisciplinary Mediterranean regional collaboration.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-11-09T10:48:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Francielle Daudt_.pdf: 10803213 bytes, checksum: a2fe299427695abb9116027b9174171a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T10:48:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francielle Daudt_.pdf: 10803213 bytes, checksum: a2fe299427695abb9116027b9174171a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-20 / Nenhuma / As contribuições na área do Design Emocional, apesar de importantes, são insuficientes quando se trata de impactos benéficos e de longa duração nos indivíduos. Por isso, novas propostas teóricas, como o Positive Design, vem ganhando força, já que têm o intuito de projetar com foco no bem-estar subjetivo dos usuários, gerando efeitos de longa duração. O Positive Design oferece três ingredientes importantes para o estímulo desse bem-estar, que são: design para virtudes, design para o prazer e design para significados pessoais. Neste trabalho, pretende-se dar foco ao estímulo das virtudes, que se manifestam por meio de forças de caráter. As forças de caráter são predisposições ao sentir e à ação, provenientes das virtudes e valores morais dos indivíduos. Para projetar nessa perspectiva, há cinco elementos de design que devem ser levados em conta: ser orientado a possibilidades; equilíbrio entre os três ingredientes (significados, virtudes e prazeres); ter elementos de ajuste pessoal; envolvimento ativo do usuário e impacto duradouro. Sabendo-se que o Positive Design ainda não tem métodos ou técnicas de design consolidados, propõe-se como problema de pesquisa: de que forma designers apropriam-se do Positive Design em projetos com foco no reforço de forças de caráter dos indivíduos (clientes do projeto)? As investigações foram feitas por meio de uma pesquisa aplicada, com base exploratória, na qual foi analisado o uso da teoria do Positive design em práticas de projeto experimentais, baseadas no modelo de Tonetto et al. (2018). Essas práticas foram feitas com clientes e designers, seguidas de grupos focais com os profissionais. Os métodos de coleta de informações foram a observação participante e o grupo focal, e a análise dos dados foi feita por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os principais resultados foram a dificuldade de abstração e generalização da força de caráter proposta à um público mais amplo, a influência das características da cliente em diferentes esferas do projeto, alternativas de projeto com impactos sócio culturais, dificuldades no uso do ingrediente prazer e facilidade em propor elementos de ajuste pessoal. Por fim, sugere-se algumas lições que podem ser pertinentes a projetos e estudos futuros. / Contributions in the area of Emotional Design, although important, are insufficient when it comes to long-lasting impacts on individuals. Therefore, new theoretical proposals, such as Positive Design, have been gaining strength, since they focus on the subjective well-being of users, generating long-lasting effects. Positive Design offers three important ingredients for stimulating that well-being: design for virtues, design for pleasure and design for personal significance. In this work, we intend to give focus on the stimulus of the virtues, which are manifested by character strengths. The character strengths are predispositions to feel and act, stemming from the virtues and moral values of individuals. To project from this perspective, there are five design elements that must be taken into account: be oriented to possibilities; balance between the three ingredients (personal significance, virtues and pleasures); personal fit; active user involvement and long-term impact. Knowing that Positive Design still not have consolidated design methods or techniques, it is proposed as a research problem: how designers use the Positive Design approach in projects focused on reinforcing individuals' character strengths? The investigations were carried out through an applied, exploratory research, in which the use of Positive design theory is experienced in design practices, based on the model of Tonetto et al. (2018). These practices were made with clients and designers, followed by focus groups with professionals. The methods of information collection were participant observation and focus group, and data analysis was done through content analysis. The main results were the difficulty of abstraction and generalization of the character strength proposed to a broader public, the influence of the characteristics of the client in different spheres of the project, design alternatives with social cultural impacts, difficulties in using the ingredient pleasure and facility in propose elements of personal adjustment. Finally, we suggest some lessons that may be pertinent to future projects and studies.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet SEPOLBE qui a pour ambition d’élaborer des adjuvants respectueux de l’environnement qui doivent se substituer à des produits soumis à autorisation REACH. Elle a pour but de mettre en évidence les propriétés de mortiers enrichis d’un adjuvant fabriqué à partir de produits extracellulaires issus de bactéries selon un protocole original. Ce travail consiste en l’étude des caractéristiques de mortiers bioadjuvantés dans le but de développer l’usage de bétons plus éco‐respectueux en améliorant leurs compositions chimiques et leur durabilité. L’action du produit biologique utilisé a été évaluée aussi bien sur sa capacité à modifier le réseau poreux des mortiers et pâtes cimentaires que sur ses effets sur la prise du ciment, la rhéologie à l’état frais et les caractéristiques mécaniques à l’état durci des mortiers permettant ainsi de qualifier ce produit comme bioadjuvant. Il a présenté un effet notable sur l’ouvrabilité de mortiers (de CEM I ou CEM V) avec une action plastifiante. De plus, quel que soit le temps de cure, un optimum de concentration en bioadjuvant de 1,5% a été déterminé pour obtenir des résistances mécaniques dumême ordre de grandeur que les échantillons non adjuvantés, et supérieures au minimum requis par la norme EN 196‐1. Le bioadjuvant n’influence pas la porosité totale accessible à l’eau des mortiers et des pâtes de ciment, toutefois, pour ces dernières, les mesures par porosimétrie par injection de mercure ont révélé l’existence d’un seuil (entre 0,5 et 0,75% de bioadjuvant) à partir duquel la structure poreuse des pâtes cimentaires est modifiée. Les effets de modification de surface de pâtes cimentaires – le liant du béton pouvant constituer un maillon faible en ce qui concerne les problèmes de durabilité de celui‐ci – ont été analysés. Pour des temps de cure élevés, la rugosité des surfaces des pâtes cimentaires diminue en présence du bioadjuvant. Ce travail a permis de lever des verrous techniques concernant l’emploi d’un produit biosourcé en tant qu’adjuvant, ainsi que d’apporter une contribution à la connaissance des interactions entre les micro‐organismes et les matériaux cimentaires. En effet, une approche originale, grâce à la PCR – technique peu utilisée avec les matériaux cimentaires – a permis de mettre en évidence qu’il y avait des bactéries au coeur du béton ayant une capacité à se développer dans des conditions de cures normalisés pour des temps de cure supérieurs à 120 jours. Le bioadjuvant est susceptible de modifier le développement bactérien et présente ainsi la possibilité de conférer aux bétons des capacités de résistances aux agressions environnementales plus importantes lui permettant d’être plus éco‐respectueux, aussi bien par sa composition que par sa meilleure durabilité. / This work is a part of the SEPOLBE project, which aims to develop eco‐friendly admixtures. The active principle of this admixture is made of extra‐cellular substances, secreted by microorganisms into their surroundings. It contributes to the effort in sustainable development that consists to limit the impact of buildings on environment and human health, with a guarantee of better quality concerning esthetical, durability and resistance criteria, according to the REACH regulation. The action of thisorganic product was evaluated on its setting time effects on cement as well as the mechanical behavior to the hardened state. The bioadmixture presents a significant effect on the workability of mortar (CEM I or CEM V) with a plasticizing action. Whatever the curing time, the compressive strength values of samples containing 1.5% of bioadmixture remain higher than the minimum data of standard strength according to the EN 196‐1 standard. The porosimetry by intrusion with mercury carried out with cement pastes showed the existence of a threshold (in the range 0.5‐0.75% of bioadmixture) from which the porous structure of cement pastes changes, while no modification were observed with the measurement of porosity accessible to water. For higher curing times, thesurface roughness of cement pastes, more heterogeneous, decreases with the presence of the bioadmixture. This work allowed to better control the use of a bio‐product assimilated as an admixture, as well as to contribute to the knowledge of the interactions between microorganisms and cementitious materials. An original approach, using the PCR ‐ not routinely used technique forthat purpose with cementitious materials ‐ helped to highlight that bacteria were present inside the mortar samples with a capacity to grow to higher curing time. The studied bioadmixture allows giving to the concrete the ability to resist against environmental stresses while being eco‐friendly, concerning both its chemical composition and its durability.

This study explored the implementation of the recognition of prior learning (RPL) at Unisa by investigating the strengths and weaknesses of the RPL methodology, instruments and processes when taking students through the RPL process. The successes and challenges experienced by the RPL academic advisors and the academic assessors were determined and guidelines provided for the effective implementation of RPL at Unisa. The empirical research design was exploratory within a qualitative framework employing participant observation, focus group interviewing, individual interviewing and the distribution of questionnaires that consisted of open-ended questions. The research sample comprised 26 purposefully selected participants. With regard to the research findings, the challenges include a lack of administrative support, a lack of support from top management and the academic staff, and a lack of communication between management and the RPL department. The strength of the RPL department lay in its well-documented process manual. / Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Education Management)

This study explored the implementation of the recognition of prior learning (RPL) at Unisa by investigating the strengths and weaknesses of the RPL methodology, instruments and processes when taking students through the RPL process. The successes and challenges experienced by the RPL academic advisors and the academic assessors were determined and guidelines provided for the effective implementation of RPL at Unisa. The empirical research design was exploratory within a qualitative framework employing participant observation, focus group interviewing, individual interviewing and the distribution of questionnaires that consisted of open-ended questions. The research sample comprised 26 purposefully selected participants. With regard to the research findings, the challenges include a lack of administrative support, a lack of support from top management and the academic staff, and a lack of communication between management and the RPL department. The strength of the RPL department lay in its well-documented process manual. / Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Education Management)