Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 338-350). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1941. / Published also without thesis note. Includes bibliographical references (p. 221-227) and index.

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2010. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 100 p. : ill., maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-88).

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 93 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-91).

published_or_final_version / Chinese Historical Studies / Master / Master of Arts

This study examined the perceptions of teachers on the picket line and in the classroom during the 1978 Tucson Unified School District teacher strike and the perceptions and relationships they experienced. Literature from sociology, psychology and education was reviewed to develop the theoretical framework. It is recognized in the literature that theory has utility in designing, shaping and organizing research, giving meaning to data and summarizing and interpreting the findings. The theoretical framework was comprised of two sections: the perceptual and the relational. In the perceptual, self-adequacy, self-concept and threat-anxiety were included. In the relational, communication, shared interests and reference groups were included. An interview schedule of twenty-one items based on the theoretical framework was developed and administered to forty selected school district teachers. The twenty-one questions were derived from the two major sections and the six subsections of the theoretical framework. Some demographic data were also collected. Strikers and non-strikers agreed more than they disagreed. There was general agreement among both strikers and non-strikers that human relationships were handled so ineptly by the superintendent and school board that the teachers perceived themselves to be demeaned and held unworthy.

Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία μελετώνται οι υπερτάσεις ενός φωτοβολταϊκού πάρκου που βρίσκεται στην Πάτρα οι οποίες προκαλούνται από πλήγματα κεραυνών. Στην εργασία χρησιμοποιείται το λογισμικό EMTP-ATP όπου στην εξομοίωση συμπεριλαμβάνεται το πλέγμα γείωσης αλλά και οι βάσεις στήριξης μαζί με το συλλεκτήριο σύστημα. Ειδικότερα, η εργασία μπορεί να συνοψιστεί ως εξής: Στο 1ο κεφάλαιο περιγράφεται η τεχνολογία των φωτοβολταϊκών. Παρουσιάζονται τα χαρακτηριστικά τους. Αρχικά περιγράφεται η Φ/Β κυψέλη και οι τύποι βιομηχανικής κατασκευής τους. Ακολούθως αναφέρεται η αρχή λειτουργίας του Φ/Β φαινομένου και τα ηλεκτρικά χαρακτηριστικά των Φ/Β κυψελίδων. Επίσης αναφέρονται οι κατηγορίες των Φ/Β συστημάτων και η δομή τους. Στο 2ο κεφάλαιο γίνεται λόγος στο φαινόμενο του κεραυνού. Αρχικά αναφέρονται τρία φαινόμενα που προκαλούν τα ηλεκτρικά φορτία στα νέφη και έπειτα τα είδη κεραυνικών εκκενώσεων. Παραθέτονται κάποια είδη κρουστικών υπερτάσεων από ατμοσφαιρικές υπερτάσεις κεραυνών και τα κύρια ηλεκτρικά χαρακτηριστικά τους. Τέλος, περιγράφεται ο κεραυνός σύμφωνα με τον κανονισμό IEC και επισυνάπτονται οι επιπτώσεις του που αφορούν υπερθερμάνσεις, μηχανικές καταπονήσεις και ηλεκτρομαγνητικά φαινόμενα. Στο 3ο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται η μελέτη και ο σχεδιασμός συστημάτων αντικεραυνικής προστασίας. Η μελέτη περιέχει τις στάθμες προστασίας και τις μεταβλητές τις οποίες την καθορίζουν. Μετέπειτα υποδεικνύεται ο τρόπος επιλογής της στάθμης. Στον σχεδιασμό αναφέρονται οι ζώνες αντικεραυνικής προστασίας και τέλος περιγράφεται η εξωτερική και η εσωτερική εγκατάσταση αντικεραυνικής προστασίας. Στο 4ο κεφάλαιο γίνεται εγκατάσταση αντικεραυνικής προστασίας σε Φ/Β πάρκο στην Πάτρα. Περιγράφονται τα χαρακτηριστικά του επικείμενου Φ/Β πάρκου, η μελέτη και ο σχεδιασμός της αντικεραυνικής προστασίας του. Στο 5ο και τελευταίο κεφάλαιο, γίνεται η επιλογή του μοντέλου βάσεων στήριξης, πλέγματος γείωσης και κατακόρυφων ραβδών όπου και υπολογίζονται οι παράμετροι τους. Ακολούθως, γίνεται η εισαγωγή τους στο πρόγραμμα εξομοίωσης EMTP-ATP όπου εξετάζονται τρία διαφορετικά κυκλώματα. Το 1ο περιέχει μόνο το πλέγμα γείωσης συνδεδεμένο με τη βάση στήριξης αλλά και τους αγωγούς του συλλεκτηρίου συστήματος. Το 2ο περιέχει επιπρόσθετα από το πρώτο και ράβδους γείωσης των 2m (μία σε κάθε κόμβο του πλέγματος γείωσης όπου συνδέεται το συλλεκτήριο σύστημα) και το 3ο επιπρόσθετα από το δεύτερο ακόμα μία ράβδο γείωσης σε κάθε κόμβο του πλέγματος που συνδέεται το συλλεκτήριο σύστημα. Παρουσιάζονται οι γραφικές παραστάσεις και τα αποτελέσματα και των τριών κυκλωμάτων. Τέλος, εξάγονται τα συμπεράσματα, όσον αφορά τις τάσεις που αναπτύσσονται στους προς μελέτη κόμβους. / The present thesis studies the overvoltages of a solar park located in Patra caused by lightning strikes. In this work the EMTP-ATP software is used where the emulation includes the grounding grid and the support bases with the collector system. In particular, the paper can be summarized as follows: The 1st chapter describes the technology of photovoltaics and their characteristics are presented. Initially the PV cell and its industrial types are described. Then the principle of operation of PV phenomenon follows as well as the electrical characteristics of PV cells. The categories of PV systems and their structure are also listed. The 2nd chapter refers to the phenomenon of lightning. Originally referred to the three phenomenons that cause the electrical loads in the clouds and then sorts of lightning evacuations. Some types of impulse overvoltages from lightning atmospheric overvoltages and their main electrical characteristics are listed. Finally, the lightning in accordance with regulation IEC is described and the effects related to overheating, mechanical stresses and electromagnetic phenomenons are attached. The 3rd chapter presents the study and design of lightning protection systems. The study contains protection levels and variables which determine it. Later on, the way of choice of the level is indicated. In designing the lightning protection zones are refferred and finally the external and internal lightning protection installation are described. In the 4th chapter the lightning protection in a PV park in Patra is installed. It describes the features of the forthcoming PV park the study and design of lightning protection. In the 5th and last chapter, the choice of the model of support bases, grounding grid and vertical bars is been made where their parameters are calculated. Subsequently, by using the EMTP-ATP simulation programme three different circuits are examined. The first only contains the grounding grid connected to the base support but also, it contains the pipelines of the collector system. The 2nd contains in addition to the first grounding rods of 2 m (one on each node of the grounding grid where the collector system is connected) and the 3rd in addition to the first two grounding rods once on each node in the grid where the collector system is connected. The graphs and the results of all three circuits are presented. Finally, the conclusions are drawn, regarding the trends developed in to study nodes.

Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία παρουσιάζεται η στατιστική ανάλυση των πληγμάτων των κεραυνών στην Ελλάδα κατά τα τελευταία τέσσερα χρόνια (2011-2014). Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζεται το φαινόμενο του κεραυνού, τα είδη των κεραυνών και τα φυσικά χαρακτηριστικά του, ενώ στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται οι επιπτώσεις των κεραυνών. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο αναλύονται τα δεδομένα που συλλέχθηκαν από τον ηλεκτρονικό κυρίως τύπο της χώρας, και τα οποία σχετίζονται με τους θανάτους και τους τραυματισμούς ανθρώπων, τους θανάτους ζώων, τις πυρκαγιές και τα πλήγματα σε εγκαταστάσεις, κτήρια και αεροπλάνα που οφείλονται σε πτώσεις κεραυνών για την χρονική περίοδο που εξετάστηκε. Τα στοιχεία έχουν κατανεμηθεί σε έτη, μήνες και ημέρες των συμβάντων. Επιπλέον, εισάγεται ο σχετικός συντελεστής θανάτων από κεραυνούς Dr, ο οποίος εκφράζει το σχετικό αριθμό θανάτων εξαιτίας κεραυνού σε μια χώρα ή περιοχή λαμβάνοντας υπ’ όψιν τον πληθυσμό, την έκταση και την δραστηριότητα των κεραυνών (Ng). Αυτός ο συντελεστής θα μπορούσε να είναι ένα κριτήριο για την αποτελεσματικότητα των μέτρων προστασίας από κεραυνούς, καθώς και για τα αποτελέσματα των εκπαιδευτικών και ενημερωτικών εκστρατειών για την προστασία από τους κεραυνούς. Από την ανάλυση των δεδομένων για τους θανάτους ανθρώπων εξαιτίας κεραυνού συμπεράναμε ότι έχουμε ένα μέσο όρο των 2,25 απωλειών ανά έτος (9 απώλειες συνολικά) και ότι το 77,8% των συμβάντων σημειώθηκαν κατά τους μήνες του μεσοκαλόκαιρου (Μάιος-Σεπτέμβριος), με τον Σεπτέμβριο να είναι ο μήνας με τα περισσότερα συμβάντα. Όσον αφορά τους τραυματισμούς από κεραυνικά πλήγματα, έχουμε ένα μέσο όρο των 3,75 τραυματιών ανά έτος, με το 40% των συμβάντων να τοποθετείται χρονικά κατά τη διάρκεια των μηνών του μεσοκαλόκαιρου, και με τον Νοέμβριο να είναι ο «χειρότερος», σε πλήθος περιστατικών, από τους δώδεκα μήνες. Κατά την τετραετή περίοδο καταγράφηκαν 979 θάνατοι ζώων σε μόλις 9 περιστατικά κεραυνικών πληγμάτων, με τον μέσο όρο να ανέρχεται σε 244,75 θανάτους ζώων ανά έτος. Το 60,2% των θανάτων αυτών σημειώθηκε τον Αύγουστο, ενώ συνολικά τους μήνες του μεσοκαλόκαιρου σημειώθηκε το 96,2% των θανάτων ζώων. Οι πυρκαγιές που σημειώθηκαν ήταν 45, αριθμός που αντιστοιχεί σε έναν μέσο όρο 11,25 πυρκαγιών ανά έτος, με το 62,2% αυτών να είναι δασικές. Το μεγαλύτερο ποσοστό των πυρκαγιών σημειώθηκαν κατά τους μήνες του μεσοκαλόκαιρου (73,4%). Ο μέσος όρος των πληγέντων εγκαταστάσεων από κεραυνό ανήλθε σε 9,5 ανά έτος (38 συμβάντα συνολικά), με τα περισσότερα περιστατικά να έχουν καταγραφεί τον Οκτώβριο. Τα κτήρια τα οποία επλήγησαν από κεραυνό ανήλθαν σε 23 με μέσο όρο 5,75 ανά έτος. Επιπλέον, καταγράφηκαν 5 κεραυνικά πλήγματα σε αεροσκάφη κατά την τετραετία που εξετάσθηκε, με το 80% των πληγμάτων να έχουν καταγραφεί κατά τους μήνες που έχουμε τις περισσότερες καταιγίδες στην Ελλάδα. Επίσης, έγινε η κατανομή των συμβάντων όλων των κατηγοριών στις ημέρες της εβδομάδος, χωρίς όμως να βγει κάποιο ενδιαφέρον συμπέρασμα. Τέλος, στο παράρτημα παρουσιάζονται λεπτομερώς τα συμβάντα, όπως καταγράφηκαν από την εκάστοτε πηγή. / This project presents the statistical analysis of lightning strikes in Greece over the last four years (2011-2014). The first chapter describes the phenomenon of lightning, types of lightning and its natural features, while the second chapter outlines the implications of lightning. The third chapter analyses the data, that were collected mainly from the country’s electronic media, concerning deaths, injuries, animal deaths, fires, strokes at facilities, structures and airplanes due to lightning for the time period examined. The data are based on distribution in years, months and days of occurrence. Furthermore, the relative lightning death indicator Dr is introduced, that expresses the relative number of lightning deaths in a country or region taking into account its population, its area and the lightning activity Ng. This indicator could be a criterion for the effectiveness of lightning protection, and for the outcomes of education and information campaigns for the protection from lightning. From the data analysis on lightning deaths we have concluded an average of 2.25 casualties per year (9 total loss) and that 77.8% of the incidents occurred during the months of Midsummer (May-September), with September being the month with most deaths. Regarding injuries from lightning strikes, we have an average of 3.75 injuries per year, while 40% of incidents have taken place during the months of Midsummer, and November being the "worst" of the twelve months in number of incidents. During the four-year period, 979 animal deaths were recorded in just 9 incidents of lightning strikes, with the average standing at 244.75 animal deaths per year. 60.2% of these deaths occurred in August, while during the months of Midsummer occurred 96.2% of total animal deaths. The fires that occurred were 45, corresponding to an average of 11.25 fires per year, with 62.2% of them being forest fires. The majority of fires occurred during the months of Midsummer (73.4%). The average of affected facilities from lightning reached 9.5 per year (38 incidents in total). The most incidents have been recorded on October. The structures which were hit by lightning amounted to 23 with an average of 5.75 per year. Moreover, 5 lightning strikes to aircraft were recorded over the four years examined, with 80% of these strikes occurring during the months that we have the most storms in Greece. The distribution of events of all categories in the days of the week is also presented, but we did not get to an interesting conclusion. Finally, in the annex the events are presented in details, as recorded by each source.

On the basis of descriptive and prescriptive ethics and by means of literature study and exegesis of the Scriptures, this study poses an answer to the question: "How should factors that define labour compensation in South Africa since 1994 be judged according to theological ethics?" Since the subsistence farming of the seventeenth century in South Africa labour compensation has changed to a mainly capitalistic system with money as the most important compensation to labourers for services rendered. Since the seventeenth century a period of unfolding and development of careers has taken place mainly as a result of the influence of colonists from Europe. Gradual development taking place in the economic field has made subsequent factors in lieu of labour compensation more relevant for labourers. Various factors with regard to compensation of labour after 1994 - when the first fully-fledged democratic voting took place in South Africa - defines that it must be seen against the developmental background before 1994. In this study thirteen factors that have an influence on compensation since 1994, will be identified. Some factors tend to lean towards underpayment and others to overpayment. Interior factors relating to insufficient payment are unemployment, child labour, HIV/Aids and gambling. Foreign factors relative to insufficient payment are illegal immigration and cheap imports. Relevant to this, there are also factors resulting in higher remuneration of labourers. Labour laws with regard to affirmative action and minimum wages have a positive influence on payment for labourers. Illegal conduct of labourers gives rise to theft, robbery and corruption. Positive reactions are also in place with regard to remuneration of labourers. In view of this, over-pay, strikes and emigration play an important role. The factors that influence payment since 1994 are being judged according to the Scriptures, pertaining labour and remuneration. God created mankind serving as inhabitants and workers of the earth. He also decreed that mankind will live from the fruit of his labour. This decree forms the basis by which labourers receive remuneration for their efforts. Through fellowship man shows that he is sewing God and fellow-country men and does not labour only for his own advantage. The fall of man has far-reaching influences on mankind, his labours, place of labour and the consequent remuneration be receives for services rendered. One cannot fatalistically accept the influence of the fall of mankind. The recreation of mankind, started by Jesus Christ also affects the area of labour. This study demonstrates how remuneration for labour does not comply to Bible principles. Guidance will be given to how, especially believers, be they employers or employees, portray God's image through their conduct. Believers should execute their labours in such a way, that they are worthy of decent remuneration. Christian employers ought to be reasonable when paying employees, create and protect job opportunities and where possible, employ more labourers. Maximum opportunity should be granted by the ruling authority in order that as many people possible have the opportunity to labour without being exploited. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

On the basis of descriptive and prescriptive ethics and by means of literature study and exegesis of the Scriptures, this study poses an answer to the question: "How should factors that define labour compensation in South Africa since 1994 be judged according to theological ethics?" Since the subsistence farming of the seventeenth century in South Africa labour compensation has changed to a mainly capitalistic system with money as the most important compensation to labourers for services rendered. Since the seventeenth century a period of unfolding and development of careers has taken place mainly as a result of the influence of colonists from Europe. Gradual development taking place in the economic field has made subsequent factors in lieu of labour compensation more relevant for labourers. Various factors with regard to compensation of labour after 1994 - when the first fully-fledged democratic voting took place in South Africa - defines that it must be seen against the developmental background before 1994. In this study thirteen factors that have an influence on compensation since 1994, will be identified. Some factors tend to lean towards underpayment and others to overpayment. Interior factors relating to insufficient payment are unemployment, child labour, HIV/Aids and gambling. Foreign factors relative to insufficient payment are illegal immigration and cheap imports. Relevant to this, there are also factors resulting in higher remuneration of labourers. Labour laws with regard to affirmative action and minimum wages have a positive influence on payment for labourers. Illegal conduct of labourers gives rise to theft, robbery and corruption. Positive reactions are also in place with regard to remuneration of labourers. In view of this, over-pay, strikes and emigration play an important role. The factors that influence payment since 1994 are being judged according to the Scriptures, pertaining labour and remuneration. God created mankind serving as inhabitants and workers of the earth. He also decreed that mankind will live from the fruit of his labour. This decree forms the basis by which labourers receive remuneration for their efforts. Through fellowship man shows that he is sewing God and fellow-country men and does not labour only for his own advantage. The fall of man has far-reaching influences on mankind, his labours, place of labour and the consequent remuneration be receives for services rendered. One cannot fatalistically accept the influence of the fall of mankind. The recreation of mankind, started by Jesus Christ also affects the area of labour. This study demonstrates how remuneration for labour does not comply to Bible principles. Guidance will be given to how, especially believers, be they employers or employees, portray God's image through their conduct. Believers should execute their labours in such a way, that they are worthy of decent remuneration. Christian employers ought to be reasonable when paying employees, create and protect job opportunities and where possible, employ more labourers. Maximum opportunity should be granted by the ruling authority in order that as many people possible have the opportunity to labour without being exploited. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.