During mining in the Malmberget mine, large amounts of information such as damage mapping, geological mapping, seismic data and stress conditions are stored. All the data that is obtained is stored in several places with different methods, which makes it problematic to use. The purpose of this work has been to compile, structure and interpret the collected data that is currently available. The aim of the compilation has been to use this information as a basis for what influence geology, structures, damage mapping and rock quality together have on the area around Dennewitz ore body.   The ore in Dennewitz consists exclusively of magnetite and the surrounding rock is characterized by hard rock in form of leptites and granite, but also the soft mineral biotite. Leptites are the predominant rock types in the area, while granite appears in lenses at the deeper levels. Historically, granite and red leptite have been the rocks that have caused the most problems in the form of rock bursts. The Dennewitz hanging wall consists of grey leptite while the foot wall is dominated by red and red-grey leptite with minor areas of granite, and in a few places also biotite.   The data compilation shows that there are flaws in the method for damage mapping, as the amount of useful data is very small compared to other areas. The compiled data on damage mapping shows that the majority of the damages is located along a large-scale geological structure that strikes in the same direction as the crosscuts. Damages are also located in the ore contact where granite and biotite lenses. The mapped damages with coordinates were used to obtain a limit angle. Using the damage coordinates, a plane representing the damages were created. The plane dips 60˚, which thus represents the limit angle for the damage zone. The plane has the same dip as the ore body and strikes 70˚ from the north over the crosscuts, and  in some cases also the local ramp.   Geologically, the drifts that runs along the orebody are the most problematic in the area. The contact between magnetite, granite and leptite creates sliding surfaces, which makes the amount of joints needed to create a potential wedge or church roof less. This problem seems to be starting at level 1034 as the granite is starting to show up and the number of joints increase. The large-scale structure that runs along the crosscuts already appears above level 1000 and is more prominent at the deeper levels. In connection with the granite also appearing in the ramp, the level entrance and crosscuts at level 1034, the number of joint sets, wedges and church roofs increases. The problems increase at the levels below when biotite also starts to show up in a few places.   The system for logging mapped damages is recommended to be revised. Damage mapping should also be performed to a greater extent at both new and old levels to increase the basis for analyes and prognoses. It is further recommended to take advantage of drilling and rock mechanical and geological analyses, as well as performing more exploration drilling, to make planning of the infrastructure more effective. Also, the method with damage zones developed by Svartsjaern (2017b), as well as further development of limit angles, should be tested in Dennewitz and other areas in the mine.

Pit crater and pit crater chains associated to the volcano Arsia Mons on Mars have been mapped to analyse their spatial pattern and to conclude about their formation. For the mapping, high resolution satellite data gathered during the Mars Express mission were used. The spatial distribution of the pit craters was then compared with typical patterns of magmatic sheet intrusions within volcanoes as they are known from Earth. The results show that the pattern of the mapped pit craters and pit crater chains are in good agreement with these sheet intrusions and are therefore likely related to Martian sheet intrusions. / Kollapskratrar och kraterkedjor relaterade till vulkanen Arsia Mons på Mars har karterats för att analysera deras spatiala mönster och för att komma till slutsatser för deras tillblivelse. Högupplösta satellitbilder tagna av Mars Express-sonden har använts för karteringen. Fördelningen av de karterade kraterkedjorna jämfördes med typiska fördelningar av magmatiska gångbergarter från vulkaner på jorden. Resultaten visar att fördelningen av kollapskratrar och kraterkedjor överensstämmer enligt förväntningarna och påvisar en relation mellan kollapskratrar och magmatiska gångbergarter på Mars.

Spatial ability and the skill to visualize objects is necessary for earth scientist, especially structural geologist. For this reason, undergraduate students within earth science needs to learn this skills, and how is the best way to teach this skills. To implement 3D thinking in undergraduate teaching, three strategies are presented. The first one is to separate and combine objects, which includes to see geological differences and categorize them. Secondly, visualize objects, both many and single ones and see which ones who are connected. Third and lastly is still and moving objects which involves geological processes. It is important to give students time to develop their spatial abilities and help them during the learning process. Another aspect to this is the path of information within the human brain when visualizing an object. The result shows that the process starts with the human eye which perceive the object and its attributes, then the geniculate nucleus sorts the information and directs it toward the visual primary cortex located in the occipital lobe. The primary visual cortex then send the information though the ventral- and dorsal steam which produces a visualization. Aspects which can affect the spatial ability may be earlier experiences, age and the way each person perceive the object. These factors effects how hard humans think the process of visualization is. The questionnaire showed that 3D models help students to visualize and should be used more in undergraduate teaching. / Förmågan att visualisera objekt och förstå dem är nödvändig för en geovetare, speciellt inom strukturgeologi. Därför är det viktigt att studenter på kandidatprogram i geovetenskap får tillfälle att lära sig den förmågan. För att implementera 3D-tänkande i undervisningen har tre strategier tagits fram. Den första är att separera och kombinera objekt, vilket inkluderar att se geologiska skillnader och kategorisera dem. Den andra är att visualisera ett eller flera objekt och se vilka som är kopplade till varandra. Den tredje är att se objekt som är i stilla eller i rörelse, vilket involverar geologiska processer. Det är viktigt att ge studenterna tid för att utveckla sin spatiala förmåga och att hjälpa dem under utvecklingen. Arbetet syftar också till att ta reda på hur visuell information bearbetas av den mänskliga hjärnan. Först bearbetas informationen av ögat, sen till geniculate nucleus som sorterar informationen och skickar den till det primära visuella cortex som ligger i occipital-loben. Därefter processas informationen av ventrala och dorsala stammen och det är här som en visualisering produceras. Faktorer så som ålder, tidigare erfarenheter och hur ögat uppfattar objekten påverkar hur visualiseringen blir och hur svårt individen uppfattar processen. Enkätundersökningen visade på att 3D-modeller hjälper studenter att visualisera och borde användas mer i undervisning på kandidatnivå.

Ostlänken är en planerad höghastighetsjärnväg mellan Järna och Linköping med stegvis byggstart från 2017, ett omfattande projekt som inkluderar totalt cirka 20 kilometer tunnel, varav en tunnel planeras att korsa Getåravinen. Undermarksbyggande är komplicerat och kontakt med svaghetszoner i berg innebär ökade risker för anläggning, miljö och omgivande fastigheter. För att åstadkomma en riskbedömning, dimensionering och ekonomisk kalkyl utförs undersökningar och ingenjörsgeologiska prognoser av bergkvalité och geologisk struktur. Studier har visat ett samband mellan naturliga lineament och svaghetszoner i berg. Därför var uppsatsens syfte att bedöma geologiska byggbarhetsfaktorer genom en strukturgeologisk karaktärisering av lineamentet Getåravinen. Arbetet fokuserade på ett avgränsat område inom Getåravinen där Sweco, på uppdrag av Trafikverket, har utfört ingenjörsgeologiska undersökningar inför den planerade anläggningen av Ostlänken.Arbetet utgick från en studie av lineament genom geologiska kartor, kärnborrprov och hällkarteringar kring Getåravinen, dessa analyserades sedan för att identifiera strukturgeologiska samband. Metoderna Inverse Distance Weighted och kriging användes för att prediktera berget i borrkärnornas omgivning utifrån kvalitéklassningarna Rock Mass Rating, Q-systemet och Rock Quality Designation. För att visa resultatet pedagogiskt och förbättra underlaget inför byggteknisk diskussion visualiserades resultatet i en Building Information Model i mjukvaruprogrammet AutoCAD Civil 3D. Resultatet visade cirka 20° avvikelse mellan lineamentet och huvudsprickriktningen i Getåravinen, det bekräftade ett sprickmönster som då generellt kan antas gälla för lineament vilket är användbar information vid undermarksbyggande. Prediktionerna visade en rumslig beskrivning av bergets klassificeringar och samband med lineamentet. Nyttan av prediktiva metoder var därmed god då även effektiv kvantifiering av bergklasserna möjliggjordes vilket kan implementeras vid undermarksbyggande. / The East Link is a planned high-speed rail link between Järna and Linköping with a gradual construction start in 2017, a comprehensive project covering a total of approximately 20 kilometers of tunnel, of which one tunnel is planned to cross the Getå ravine. Subsurface construction is complicated, and contact with weak zones in the rock implies increased risks for the tunnel construction, the environment and the surrounding real estates. In order to accomplish a risk assessment, dimensioning and economic calculation, geological engineering investigations of the rock’s quality and geological structure are carried out. Studies have shown a relationship between natural lineaments and weaknesses in the rock. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis was to assess geological constructability factors in the Getå ravine by using a characterization of structural geology. The focus was within a demarcated area where the consulting firm Sweco, on behalf of the Swedish Transport Administration, had performed engineering geological surveys for the planned construction of the East link.The thesis was based on a study of lineament in geological maps, core drill samples and bedrock mapping in the surroundings of the Getå ravine, which were later analysed to identify structural geological relations. The methods Inverse Distance Weighted and Kriging were used to predict the rock ambient to the core kernels based on the quality ratings Rock Mass Rating, Q System and Rock Quality Designation. In order to visualize the results pedagogically and enhance the basis for technical discussion regarding civil engineering, the results were visualized in a Building Information Model in the software AutoCAD Civil 3D. The result showed approximately 20° deviation between the lineament and the primary joint strike in the Getå ravine, it confirmed a joint pattern that can be generally assumed for natural lineaments which is useful information in subsurface construction. The predictions showed a spatial distribution of the rock's different quality ratings and relationship with the lineament. The utility of the predictive methods was therefore certain because of efficient quantification of the rock quality was made possible, which can be implemented when characterizing the rock into quality domains prior subsurface construction.