This paper presents an exploratory study of a web-enhanced televised class encouraging learner-learner interaction in small online groups. The purpose of the study was to examine whether various interactions among students in small groups could substitute for one-on-one interaction between the instructor and each student and lead to high levels of perceived class interaction and student satisfaction. It was found that perceptions of overall class interaction and student satisfaction seem to be positively affected by small group interaction. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

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Utilizing the College Student Experiences Questionnaire(CSEQ), a regression analysis was run to identify the ways in which 95 Native American college students attending an elite,religious, predominantly White institution (PWI)interact with faculty. These interactions were used to predict correlations with the educational outcomes of (1) aspirations for graduate school, (2) GPA and (3) overall gains from college. The findings were further disaggregated by first-generation and continuing-generation status. The findings suggest that none of the faculty-student interactions or demographic variables were significantly correlated with aspirations for graduate school. Gender, class standing and age were significantly correlated with GPA. A better relationship with faculty members positively correlated with five of the estimate of gains, suggesting that the better a students' relationships with faculty, the greater their overall gains from college. The current study found that first-generation students did not socialize with a faculty member outside of class as much as continuing-generation students. However, this study found that first-generation students reported better relationships with faculty than continuing generation-students and being more willing than continuing-generation students to work harder as a result of feedback from an instructor. The findings identify faculty-student interactions that can lead to success in higher education for Native American college students, as well as understanding how these interactions compare or differ for first-generation and continuing-generation Native American college students.

This study sought to explore and explain how boys, girls, teachers, and principals "do gender" in Islamic schools in the United States. The goal is to seek plausible explanations of how boys and girls interact formally and informally during the day, how they create differences, and how they interact with teachers and principals. This descriptive study utilized a case study design. The education of girls is very important for their individual growth and development, as well as for the welfare of both the Islamic and American societies and nations. Therefore, scholars and educators should work together to solve problems interfering with the education of girls. Research studies indicate that issues that impact girls' education include discrimination against girls in classrooms, interaction between boys and girls, effects of gender on education, and hidden curriculum. This study is very important for the Islamic communities to improve education of girls in the United States. The value of this study is to explore and explain how boys and girls "do gender" in Islamic schools in the United States and how this "doing" affects girls' academic achievement.

Using mixed methods, this study examined the nature of teacher-student interaction in an asynchronous, statewide, self-paced virtual high school. Eight teachers were interviewed to understand their perceptions on the nature of interactions and their role as a virtual school teacher. Interactions were primarily instructional in nature, taking the form of feedback on student assignments. There were few procedural and social interactions. In general, teachers felt disconnected from their students due to the large class sizes and limited interactions. They also felt disconnected from their peers and the role of a teacher as they traditionally defined it. To understand the relationship between perceived interaction and academic performance, 46,089 students were surveyed using an 18-item instrument designed to assess the types and frequency of interaction. Hierarchical linear modeling and hierarchical logistic regression on the 2,269 responses indicated significant differences between completers' and non-completers' perceptions of teacher-student interaction. However, there were minimal differences between students based on grade awarded and teacher-student interaction. The results of this study were discussed as well as implications for practitioners and researchers. The full text of this dissertation may be downloaded for free from http://etd.byu.edu/

A expressão da tendência anti-social parece sinalizar um protesto contra uma privação vivida precocemente. Expressão que pode surgir quando a criança tem esperança de que o ambiente possa responder positivamente, restabelecendo o desenvolvimento emocional. Quando esta reivindicação não é atendida no seio familiar, seus efeitos podem se manifestar na escola. Apesar do crescimento da violência nas escolas, constata-se a necessidade de aprofundamento dos estudos, especialmente na perspectiva do professor, alvo do investimento pulsional das crianças. Este investimento se caracteriza não apenas por impulsos amorosos, mas também destrutivos. O presente estudo foi realizado em uma escola pública da periferia de São Paulo e faz parte de um projeto mais amplo de atendimento preventivo a crianças agressivas, suas famílias e educadores. A pesquisa objetivou analisar relatos de professores que trabalham diariamente com crianças agressivas e investigar o papel da agressividade infantil como fator de promoção do sofrimento psíquico nestes docentes. As formas instituídas no ambiente escolar para administrar a agressividade dos alunos foram levantadas, a partir da análise dos cadernos de ocorrência disciplinar, onde os professores registram os episódios de agressividade infantil. Também foram analisados os dados coletados nas entrevistas individuais com 12 professores de nível fundamental, distribuídos em função de três diferentes períodos na carreira. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e os dados categorizados considerando a freqüência simples de ocorrência. As respostas dos professores em diferentes períodos de carreira profissional também foram comparadas. Os resultados apontaram diferenças na percepção da agressividade infantil e nas estratégias de manejo utilizadas pelos educadores com menor e maior tempo de ensino. Constatou-se que sentimentos de ingratidão e rancor podem ser nutridos e agravados com o tempo, sinalizando a importância de uma intervenção que ajude a elaborar estes aspectos. / The expression of the antisocial tendency seems to point out a protest against an early deprivation. It emerges when the child hopes that the world will provide him with a positive response, re-establishing the emotional development. When this protest is not answered by the family, its effects may appear at school. In spite of growth of violence on schools, the comprehension of this phenomena is needed, specially at the point of view of teachers, who receive the childrens pulsional investment. This investment is characterized not only by love, but also by hate. The present study was conducted in a public school in the suburb of São Paulo City, and it is part of a larger project that investigates preventive intervention for aggressive children, their families and educators. The research aims to listen to teachers´ reports, whose work involves everyday problems dealing with aggressive children and to investigate child aggressiveness´ role as a factor that engenders psychic pain in them. The forms adopted by the school in order to handle the child aggressiveness are surveyed, examining the office referrals written by teachers. It is also analysed the data collected by interviews with 12 teachers, who were in different career stages. The interviews were recorded, transcripted and categorized considering the simple frequency. The teachers´ answers, regarding the different periods of their careers, were compared as well. The results showed different perceptions of children´s agressiveness, as well as different management strategies used by the teachers, dependending on their career moment. It was verified that feelings of unthankfulness and grudge may be brought up and worsened by the time, indicating the importance of an intervention that helps to digest those aspects.

A expressão da tendência anti-social parece sinalizar um protesto contra uma privação vivida precocemente. Expressão que pode surgir quando a criança tem esperança de que o ambiente possa responder positivamente, restabelecendo o desenvolvimento emocional. Quando esta reivindicação não é atendida no seio familiar, seus efeitos podem se manifestar na escola. Apesar do crescimento da violência nas escolas, constata-se a necessidade de aprofundamento dos estudos, especialmente na perspectiva do professor, alvo do investimento pulsional das crianças. Este investimento se caracteriza não apenas por impulsos amorosos, mas também destrutivos. O presente estudo foi realizado em uma escola pública da periferia de São Paulo e faz parte de um projeto mais amplo de atendimento preventivo a crianças agressivas, suas famílias e educadores. A pesquisa objetivou analisar relatos de professores que trabalham diariamente com crianças agressivas e investigar o papel da agressividade infantil como fator de promoção do sofrimento psíquico nestes docentes. As formas instituídas no ambiente escolar para administrar a agressividade dos alunos foram levantadas, a partir da análise dos cadernos de ocorrência disciplinar, onde os professores registram os episódios de agressividade infantil. Também foram analisados os dados coletados nas entrevistas individuais com 12 professores de nível fundamental, distribuídos em função de três diferentes períodos na carreira. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e os dados categorizados considerando a freqüência simples de ocorrência. As respostas dos professores em diferentes períodos de carreira profissional também foram comparadas. Os resultados apontaram diferenças na percepção da agressividade infantil e nas estratégias de manejo utilizadas pelos educadores com menor e maior tempo de ensino. Constatou-se que sentimentos de ingratidão e rancor podem ser nutridos e agravados com o tempo, sinalizando a importância de uma intervenção que ajude a elaborar estes aspectos. / The expression of the antisocial tendency seems to point out a protest against an early deprivation. It emerges when the child hopes that the world will provide him with a positive response, re-establishing the emotional development. When this protest is not answered by the family, its effects may appear at school. In spite of growth of violence on schools, the comprehension of this phenomena is needed, specially at the point of view of teachers, who receive the childrens pulsional investment. This investment is characterized not only by love, but also by hate. The present study was conducted in a public school in the suburb of São Paulo City, and it is part of a larger project that investigates preventive intervention for aggressive children, their families and educators. The research aims to listen to teachers´ reports, whose work involves everyday problems dealing with aggressive children and to investigate child aggressiveness´ role as a factor that engenders psychic pain in them. The forms adopted by the school in order to handle the child aggressiveness are surveyed, examining the office referrals written by teachers. It is also analysed the data collected by interviews with 12 teachers, who were in different career stages. The interviews were recorded, transcripted and categorized considering the simple frequency. The teachers´ answers, regarding the different periods of their careers, were compared as well. The results showed different perceptions of children´s agressiveness, as well as different management strategies used by the teachers, dependending on their career moment. It was verified that feelings of unthankfulness and grudge may be brought up and worsened by the time, indicating the importance of an intervention that helps to digest those aspects.

Este trabalho, situado na linha de pesquisa Psicologia e Educação, teve como objetivo identificar as adversidades produzidas no ambiente escolar mediante as propostas textuais da educação inclusiva. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo que contou com vinte e seis professores de uma escola pública Estadual de São Paulo. Os professores foram convidados a participarem colaborativamente de dezesseis encontros que tiveram como proposta o debate sobre o tema da inclusão. Nestes debates, predominaram queixas e relatos de caso. Para a organização dos dados, agrupamos as reclamações produzindo tabelas e gráficos de freqüência, que, aliados aos casos relatados pelos professores, nos ofereceram um panorama do mal-estar e do descontentamento docente. O bloco de queixas mais enfáticas refere-se à falta de estrutura e suporte ao professor (58%); em seguidas, estão as reclamações que recaem sobre os alunos (29,3%) com destaque para os problemas de comportamento e de aprendizagem. No terceiro bloco foram reunidas as queixas sobre família, sociedade e imposição da lei (12,6%). Na análise qualitativa dos casos e queixas, utilizamos recursos teóricos da psicanálise que nos possibilitaram algumas reflexões sobre o teor das interações escolares e sua relação com o mal-estar docente. Os resultados apontam para dificuldades no estabelecimento de laços entre professores e alunos. Dificuldades intensificadas tanto pelas condições de trabalho desfavoráveis, quanto por crenças e estereotipias relacionadas às crianças consideradas diferentes. Portanto, face à angústia destes estranhamentos, tende-se a criar alteridades radicais que visam a exclusão da subjetividade do Outro considerado estranho. Assim, as crianças que não se enquadram nos padrões de normalidade socialmente construídos, quando freqüentam classes regulares, recebem o rótulo de \"incluídas\", ainda que, permaneçam à margem das interações e investimentos pedagógicos. / This study is included into Psychology and Education field. It had main objective to identify adversities produced by school environment due to education inclusive proposals. It was a qualitative research with twenty-six teachers of a public school in São Paulo city in Brazil. Teachers were invited to participate of sixteen meetings with proposal to debate about educational inclusion and their class experience. During those meetings, teachers complained about several problems with the students. To organize the data, it was grouped types of complains in tables and frequency graphics that aligned with teacher problems analysis showed teaching discomfort regarding current environment of inclusive education. The most common complains of teachers were lack of support and infrastructure at school (58%) followed by complains of student (29,3%) mainly problems related of behavior and difficulty of learning process. Research also grouped complains of student family, society and Brazilian law (12,6%) in the third place. Qualitative analysis of cases using theoretical psychoanalysis approach allowed some important insights about school interactions between teacher and students and discomfort teaching. The study indicated relationship problems between teachers and students. Problems intensified by unfavorable work conditions as well as beliefs and stereotypes about children who are considered different. Therefore, facing anguish caused by those differences, there is tendency to exclude subjectivity of those students considered strange from majority group. One of conclusions was children who does not fit at ordinary standards built by society when study at regular classes have received the label of \"included\" however continue out of social interactions and educational investments.