Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1987.

Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1936.

Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1940.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o impacto da saúde sobre o desempenho escolar de alunosda quarta série do ensino fundamental em todo o Brasil no ano de 2005 e 2007. No Brasil, a carência de bases de dados contendo simultaneamente indicadores de saúde e de desempenho escolar dificulta as pesquisas sobre o tema. Como alternativa, este estudo utiliza dados agregados referentes à oferta de serviços de saúde no município e microrregião, provenientes do DATASUS e da Pesquisa Assistência MédicoSanitária, como proxy da saúde dos alunos da quarta série nos municípios. Os dados para o desempenho escolar dos alunos são provenientes da Prova Brasil 2005 e 2007. Dessa forma, a unidade de observação passa a ser a microrregião, e não o aluno. A hipótese a ser testada é se a oferta de serviços de saúde na microrregião afeta o desempenho médio dos alunos dessa microrregião. Utilizase inicialmente uma análise de regressão linear contendo as variáveis indicadoras de saúde como regressores em uma crosssection para 2005. Em seguida, a análise é feita em painel, com observações de 2005 e 2007. Os resultados indicam que há impacto positivo, mas apenas em alguns indicadores e, mesmo assim, o impacto é pequeno. Outra abordagem é a utilização de surtos de dengue em municípios para determinar se existe impacto negativo no desempenho escolar dos alunos de municípios com surto. Para estimação nessa abordagem foi utilizado matching . Os resultados dessa análise indicam impacto negativo, porém sensível à escolha das variáveis e de algoritmos de estimação. / The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of health on the school proficiency of students in the fourth grade of elementary school in Brazil in the years 2005 and 2007. In Brazil, the lack of data containing simultaneously indicators of health and school proficiency makes it harder to research on the subject. As an alternative, this study utilizes aggregated data, like the offer of health services in cities, taken from DATASUS and Pesquisa Assistência MédicoSanitária, as a proxy for the health of students of the fourth grade in the cities. The data for school proficiency of students comes from Prova Brasil 2005 and 2007. That way, the observation unit becomes the city, not the student. The hypothesis to be tested is whether or not the offer of health services in a city can affect the school proficiency. Initially a linear regression is utilized containing indicators of health variables as regressors in a crosssection in 2005. Next, the analysis is made in panel data, with observations of 2005 and 2007. The results show that there is positive impact, but only in a few indicators of health and, even then, the impact is small. Another approach was to utilize dengue outbreaks in cities as a way to determine whether there was a negative impact in the school proficiency of students that resided in a city with an outbreak. Matching was used for the estimation in this approach. The results of this analysis indicate a negative impact, but sensible to the choice of variables and estimation algorithms.

Orientador: Maria da Luz Rosario de Sousa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T00:23:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nico_LuceliaSilva_M.pdf: 5732698 bytes, checksum: e99d8a91fbdcb3a968db3b64b8ec747b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O processo de envelhecimento populacional atinge todas as regiões do Brasil, embora em diferentes estágios. Na busca por um envelhecimento saudável, a realidade em que se encontra a saúde bucal dos idosos brasileiros é preocupante, apresentando-se bastante precária, caracterizada por alta prevalência de edentulismo, dentes cariados, necessidades de prótese, próteses mal adaptadas e doenças periodontais. Diante da realidade do envelhecimento populacional e da precariedade da condição de saúde bucal do idoso brasileiro, a formação de recursos humanos em Odontologia com qualidade é de fundamental importância. Assim, aliado ao envelhecimento populacional, à precariedade da saúde bucal dos idosos brasileiros e à necessidade de se formar recursos humanos com qualidade, objetivou-se identificar a oferta de cursos de Odontologia de Faculdades, públicas e privadas, do Estado de São Paulo, que contêm temas relacionados à saúde do idoso; descrever o contexto sócio-demográfico e sanitário da população residente nos municípios do referido Estado e relacionar com a localização geográfica das Faculdades de Odontologia e identificar relações entre a oferta de cursos e as condições de saúde bucal da população idosa indicadas por dados epidemiológicos e pela oferta de serviços odontológicos, mapeando tais relações. O estudo foi realizado nos municípios do Estado de São Paulo para a obtenção de dados secundários e incluindo aqueles que possuem FO, públicas e/ou privadas para a obtenção de dados primários. Foi realizado um estudo híbrido, com uma abordagem transversal inicial para a descrição dos dados primários coletados e posteriormente uma abordagem ecológica para estudar as relações entre os dados secundários dos municípios com e sem FO. Acessou-se a internet, fazendo-se, assim, um levantamento de dados secundários visando ao diagnóstico da situação. Já a coleta de dados primários foi feita por questionário. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir do parecer favorável do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas e a autorização dos participantes deste estudo. Os dados dos achados epidemiológicos e das outras variáveis geográficas/espaciais foram analisados de forma espacial. Das 11 FO do Estado de São Paulo, que participaram do estudo, 27% possuem disciplina específica de Odontogeriatria ou Gerontologia na graduação. Já nos cursos de Especialização, a presença das disciplinas acima mencionadas é 18%. Em relação à taxa de exodontia no município sem FO a média foi de 6,07, ou seja, superior ao município com FO, apresentando 2,33 de média. Quanto às variáveis sócio-demográficas, observa-se que o município com FO possui melhores condições do que os sem Faculdade, o que contribui na saúde da população. Estes indicadores apontam que os municípios com FO possuem melhores condições estruturais do que a média dos outros municípios. Destaca-se a importância de se formar recursos humanos atentos com a realidade brasileira, no que concerne à demográfica e a dos serviços públicos de saúde. Para tanto, faz-se necessário realizar um diagnóstico da atual situação pela qual vivencia as Instituições de Ensino Brasileiras. / Abstract: The process of population aging affects all regions of Brazil, although at different stages. In the search for healthy aging, the reality in which the oral health of elderly Brazilians is worrying, presenting itself fragile, characterized by high prevalence of edentulousness, teeth, denture needs, poorly adapted prostheses and periodontal diseases. Facing the reality of an aging population and the precarious condition of the oral health of the elderly Brazilian, training of human resources in dentistry with quality is of fundamental importance. Thus, coupled with an aging population, the precariousness of the oral health of elderly Brazilians and the need to train human resources with quality aimed to identify the provision of courses of Dental Schools, public and private, the State of São Paulo, which contain issues related to the health of the elderly; describe the socio-demographic context and health of the population residing in the municipalities of the state and relate to the geographical location of the Colleges of Dentistry and identify relationships between supply of courses and conditions for the oral health of the population elderly indicated by epidemiological data and the provision of dental services, mapping such relations. The study was conducted in the municipalities of the State of São Paulo to obtain secondary data, including those with Colleges, public and / or private to obtain primary data. A hybrid study, with a horizontal approach to the initial description of the primary data collected and later an ecological approach for studying the relationship between the data side of the municipalities with and without College. Access to the Internet, making it is therefore a survey of secondary data aimed at identification of the situation. Already the collection of primary data was done by questionnaire. Data collection was performed from the assent of the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the UNICAMP and the authorization of the participants in this study. The data from epidemiological and other variables geographical / space were analyzed in space. College of the 11 State of Sao Paulo, who participated in the study, 27% have discipline-specific or Geriatric Dentistry or Gerontology at graduation. Already in the courses of expertise, the presence of the subjects mentioned above is 18%. Regarding the rate of tooth extractions in the city without College the average was 6.07, ie above the city with College, presenting average of 2.33. As for socio-demographic variables, it is observed that the municipality with Faculty of Dentistry has better conditions than those without college, which helps the health of the population. These indicators suggest that municipalities with College have better structural conditions than the average of other municipalities. It was important to train human resources careful with the Brazilian reality, in terms of the demographic and public health services. To that end, it is necessary to conduct a diagnosis of the current situation in which experience the institutions of Brazilian education. / Mestrado / Mestre em Gerontologia

A avaliação vocal é realizada predominantemente por meio da avaliação perceptivoauditiva, sendo dependente de conhecimentos teóricos prévios e de treinamento prático e dinâmico. Entretanto, ainda são escassas as iniciativas educacionais que se utilizam das novas tecnologias para o ensino da avaliação perceptivoauditiva da voz. A utilização de estratégias com novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação, hoje tão presentes e familiarizadas no meio universitário, apresentam o intuito de facilitar e otimizar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Desta forma, este estudo teve o propósito de elaborar e avaliar um curso a distância em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem sobre essa temática. Elaborou-se um curso a distância sobre a avaliação perceptivoauditiva da voz organizado em quatro módulos principais: 1. Noções básicas de anatomia e fisiologia da fonação; 2. Ouvindo vozes; 3. Avaliação perceptivoauditiva da voz e 4. Aplicabilidade da avaliação perceptivoauditiva da voz, além de um adicional com vídeos sobre curiosidades e sugestão de material complementar para estudo. O ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA) também apresentou diversas ferramentas educacionais como textos, imagens ilustrativas, videoaulas, vídeos, arquivos de áudio, atividades práticas individuais, fóruns, além de recursos de interatividade entre alunos e tutora. Este material foi antecipadamente avaliado por três especialistas que avaliaram o material positivamente como uma inovadora e importante ferramenta educacional que poderá ser utilizada na formação de estudantes na área de voz. Foram convidados a participar do curso a distância, 133 alunos do 1o ao 4o ano de um curso de graduação em Fonoaudiologia de uma Universidade do interior paulista. Concordaram em participar 33 estudantes e desses, nove concluíram o curso. Os alunos responderam a avaliações de conteúdo nos momentos pré e pós-curso, de forma presencial e a avaliações de cada módulo, realizadas por meio de questões específicas e atividades práticas, no próprio site. Ao término do curso os alunos também responderam a uma avaliação motivacional do AVA. Observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante na média de acertos nas provas pré e pós-curso dos alunos, nas questões teóricas (p= 0,031), nas práticas (p=0,000) e no total (p=0,002), demonstrando que o material elaborado foi capaz de aumentar o conhecimento dos estudantes a respeito de seu tema. O AVA apresentou alto índice de satisfação motivacional e foi avaliado por todos os participantes como um curso impressionante, de acordo com o instrumento de avaliação motivacional utilizado. Conclui-se que foi possível elaborar um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (AVA), em formato de curso a distância, sobre a temática da avaliação perceptivoauditiva da voz e que o material elaborado apresenta um importante potencial de ensino e aprendizagem sobre esse tema. / The vocal assessment is predominantly performed through auditory-perceptual assessment, being dependent on prior theoretical knowledge and practical and dynamic training. Meanwhile, educational initiatives that use new technologies for auditory-perceptual assessment are still scarce. The using of strategies with new information technologies and communication, nowadays so presents and acquainted in the university environment, show in order to facilitate and optimize the process of teaching and learning. Thus, this study aimed to develop and evaluate a distance learning course in a virtual learning environment on this theme. It was elaborated a distance learning course on auditory-perceptual assessment of voice organized into four main modules: 1. Basic anatomy and physiology of phonation; 2. Hearing voices; 3. Auditory-perceptual assessment of voice and 4. Applicability of auditory-perceptual assessment of voice, as well as an additional with videos of curiosities and suggesting complementary material to study. The virtual learning environment (VLE) also presented several educational tools such as text, illustrative images, video classes, videos, audio files, individual practical activities, forums, and interactivity between students and tutor. This material was evaluated advance for three experts, who evaluated the material positively as an innovative and important educational tool that can be used in training students in the voice area. Were invited to participate to the distance learning course, 133 students from 1st to 4th year of an undergraduate degree in Speech Therapy of a University in the São Paulo interior. Agreed to participate 33 students, which nine completed the course. Students responded the evaluation of content in pre-and post-course, in person and the evaluations of each module, carried out through specific issues and practical activities on the site. At the end of the course the students also answered a motivational assessment of VLE. It was possible observed statistically significant difference in the mean score in the tests from pre and post course of the students, the theoretical issues (p = 0.031), in practice (p = 0.000) and overall (p = 0.002), demonstrating that the prepared material was able to increase knowledge students about their subject. The VLE showed high level of motivational satisfaction and it was evaluated by all participants as an impressive course, according to the motivational assessment tool used. Concluded that it was possible to develop a virtual learning environment (VLE), in the distance course format, on the issue of auditory-perceptual assessment of voice and that the prepared material has a significant potential for teaching and learning on this theme.

M.Tech. (Homeopathy) / The common cold and influenza (flu) are both acute viral infections affecting the upper respiratory tract (Beers & Porter, 2006). The common cold typically presents with rhinorrhea, sneezing, and a sore throat (Kansal & Kaushal, 2004), and influenza causes fever, coryza, cough, headache, malaise and body pain (Beers & Porter, 2006). Millions of school and work days are missed annually due to cold and influenza symptoms (Fendrick et al., 2003). Students at universities have a high incidence of colds and influenza due to raised levels of stress and close contact with other infected individuals (Zachary, 2006). Researchers believe that Interleukin-6 (a protein in the body responsible for co-ordination of immune response) may be a biological link between psychological stress and the severity of cold and influenza symptoms. This may make students more susceptible to the common cold and influenza (Mercola, 1999). Conventional treatment for both conditions is comprised of analgesics, antipyretics, antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or anti-viral drugs, all of which have numerous adverse effects (Roxas & Jurenka, 2007). Linctagon® Forte capsules consists of four ingredients: Pelargonium sidoides (333mg), Quercetin (80mg), Bromelain (53mg) and Zinc (5mg) and are purported to provide antiviral support in the treatment of colds and influenza. The aim of this eight-day, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to assess the efficacy of Linctagon® Forte Capsules in the treatment of cold and influenza symptoms on first and second year Health Sciences students from the University of Johannesburg. Thirty seven students from the first and second year Health Sciences Faculty of the University of Johannesburg, suffering from common cold or influenza symptoms, were recruited to participate. This included male and female students between the ages of 18 to 30 years. Advertisements (Appendix A) were placed at the UJ Health Training Centre, classrooms and on campus, with relevant permission given. Thirty participants completed the study and seven students did not complete due to poor compliance. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were dealt with by completion of a Participant Information and Consent Form (Appendix B) as well as a Participant Profile Form which recorded all initial symptoms (Appendix C). All participants were required to have a minimum of five of the ten symptoms represented on the Participant Profile form (Appendix C). Once participants were accepted into the study they were allocated to either Group A or Group B, with 15 participants in each group. The medication bottles were packaged and labelled by Nativa (24 capsules in a 100mg container), and the active medication and the placebo were randomised by means of a coding system, Batch “A” and Batch “B”. Group A received the Linctagon® Forte Capsules and Group B received the unmedicated lactose capsules. The participants were requested to take 1 capsule three times per day. Each participant was given eight Symptom Score Cards (Appendix D) to complete each card every morning and evening for the eight day period, to rate the severity of their symptoms according to a 5-point rating system. The influenza and common cold symptoms were analysed according to their decrease in frequency and intensity over the set period of time. Data was only recorded and analysed for days one to seven due to poor compliance by participants in both groups with regards to completion of the Symptom Score Cards towards the end of the study. Both the treatment (Group A) and the placebo (Group B) groups showed similar improvement in symptom severity over the entire research period, and there was no statistical significance between the two groups. This shows neither group outperformed the other, supporting the null hypothesis. Small sample size, the placebo effect and low dosages of certain of the active ingredients are possible factors involved in the results seen, and should be considered for future studies.

Physical inactivity and resultant chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDLs) are becoming a global epidemic as secular modernization and the sedentary lifestyles it brings with it become universal. The importance of physical activity (PA) in reducing morbidity and mortality from CDLs and related conditions has been well established. Since it is generally significant that the onset of many CDLs lies in childhood through to adolescence, preventative strategies should start as early in life as possible. Currently, university students are failing to engage in the levels of PA recommended for better health outcomes over the short and long term. To make matters worse, there is increasing evidence of a decrease in PA during the transitional phase from adolescence to adulthood. This study aimed to determine the physical activity (PA) levels, sedentary behaviour and health-related fitness (HRF) characteristics of female university students. In addition, the participants‘ perceived barriers to PA were investigated. The study was exploratory-descriptive and employed a quantitative research design. Five hundred and thirty-one full-time female students, between the ages of 18 and 46, studying at Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University‘s (NMMU) South, North, Second Avenue and Missionvale campuses participated in the study. The participants (n=531) completed an online survey which determined their PA levels, sedentary behaviours and perceived barriers to PA participation. A health-related fitness (HRF) assessment was also administered to 68 participants who completed the online survey. Their height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences were measured, as well as their cardiovascular fitness (CF). The majority (88 percent) of the participants reported low and minimal levels of PA, and 44 percent were either overweight or obese. The participants had a low-risk waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (M=0.70). The majority of the population (94 percent) had poor cardiovascular fitness (CF). A high prevalence of sitting time was recorded among the participants: on average 855 minutes (14 hours) on a usual weekday and 720 minutes (12 hours) on a usual weekend day. Students reported the greatest length of sitting time at work/attending lectures/studying. Cross tabulations and Chi2 tests indicated no significant relationships among PA and HRF (BMI, WHR and CF) and sedentary behaviour and HRF. The ANOVA and t-test results for PA, sedentary behaviour and HRF related to various demographic variables, found small (0.19 < d < 0.50) and medium (0.49 < d < 0.80) significant differences by race (d=0.43; d=0.52), home language (d=0.41; d=0.44) and living arrangement (d=0.38; d=0.28). No significant relationship was found to exist between age, year of study and faculty of registration and sedentary behaviour or HRF. The participants listed: Not enough time; too expensive to exercise; and, no friends who can exercise with me as the most important barriers to participation in PA. Academic obligations (3.08 mean) was found to be the most important barrier to PA.