Orientador: Anna Christina Bentes da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T22:27:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nogueira_CassiaMichelaAlves_M.pdf: 1194631 bytes, checksum: 27b6a381ecfe70d3198616d45ab53f95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Abstract: This research investigates the "parodic stylization", as described by Bakhtin ([1975]1988), made by Brazilian comedians on the radio show "Os manos". The analyzed corpus is composed by 16 comic sketches. The sketches" characters live in a poor neighbor of São Paulo city (Brazilian favela). In this research, data is analyzed using both "sociological poetics" (Bakhtin) and "theory of practice" (Bourdieu). The main objective of this work is to describe and analyze the social meaning of stylistic variation that occurs on sketches" dialogs. On the analysis, this work focuses on the following: (1) describing the linguistic variables used to create characters" linguistic style; (2) investigating the association of those linguistic variables and discursive practices which creates character?s social identity. It is found that comedians creates characters" linguistic style by selecting stigmatized linguistic variables which are linked to stigmatized social practices, so parodic stylization, as an image of another's language, reflects social agency which involves the deployment and the construction of social meaning / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestre em Linguística

本研究主要討論認知框架(Frame)的存在可藉由語體變異現象驗證，框架的概念可藉由說話者語體的轉換辨識，與語體變異現象相關並可驗證認知框架的語言策略和功能性策略皆被討論。本篇將歸納出語言策略與功能性策略的對應關係，並藉由語體變異現象驗證框架的結構是具階層性的。 本研究以語料庫為本，文內所分析的七筆語料皆來自政大國語口語語料庫，七筆語料皆是面對面、包含兩位參與者的對話，分析的過程以說話輪替(Turn)為計量單位，進而討論語體變異的目標。語料分類條件主要為語言形式策略(包含詞彙及句構)和功能性策略(包含言談結構、言說行動、語用合作原則)。 研究結果顯示(一)框架的概念可藉由語體變異現象驗證。語言形式策略包含詞彙的語意密度、正式性、詞頻，以及句型的複雜性、完整性、特定句型模式(Sentences patterns)等；(二)在敘述架構(Narrative Structure)中，語體變異現象主要用來標示闡述(Elaboration)，其次是評價(Evaluation)部分；在對話結構(Conversational Structure) 中，語體變異現象則主要用來標示話題延續(Topic Continuity)(三)語體變異現象主要可用來辨識言說行動中的斷言行為(Assertive)，其次為表述行為(Expressives)和指示行為(Directives)；(四)語體變異現象可用來辨識語用合作原則中的量的準則和方式準則；(五)語體變異現象驗證框架具有階層性的概念，包含主要三大階層—Denotative level、Metalinguistic level、和Metacommunicative level。 / The aim of this study is to investigate how frame can be manifested through stylistic variation. Linguistic devices and functional strategies which related to stylistic variation for the manifestation of frame are discussed; the distributions between linguistic devices and functional strategies of stylistic variation for frame are also patternized. Last, stylistic variation can help to identify hierarchical structure of frame is verified. This study is corpus-based that all of the data are face-to-face, spontaneous, dyadic conversations, extracted from NCCU Corpus of Spoken Mandarin. Seven samples are analyzed. “Turn” is using as measurement of linguistic unit to count the amount of stylistic variation for frame. In addition, only the goals of stylistic variation are counted and categorized. Criteria for data classification includes linguistic criteria (includes lexical devices and syntactic devices) and functional criteria (includes discourse structure, illocutionary acts, and Cooperative Principle). The results of data analysis show that (1) frame can be identified through stylistic variation of lexical choices based on semantic density, word formality, and word frequency, as well as through shifting of syntactic devices which include sentence complexity, sentence completeness, and sentence patterns. (2) On discourse level in a narrative, stylistic variation is most frequently used to signal elaboration, less is evaluation; on discourse level in a conversation, stylistic variation is most frequently used to signal topic continuity. (3) Among the five types of illocutionary acts, stylistic variation is applied most frequently for assertives, less for expressives and directives, and never for commisssives and declaration.(4) Among Cooperative Principle, stylistic variation is applied most frequently for Maxim of Quantity and Maxim of Manner. (5) Last, hierarchical structure of frame, including subordinate denotative level, metalinguistic level, and dominant metacommunicative level, are verified in this study.

Orientador: Anna Christina Bentes da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudo da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T10:08:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_SandraBatistada_D.pdf: 1777647 bytes, checksum: c8d99f3aed3f571fcda3ea5495ea8c16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho investiga o modo de fala de dois políticos, a saber, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva e Roberto Requião de Mello e Silva. O primeiro, ex-presidente do Brasil, o segundo ex-governador do Paraná. Analisa-se o emprego dos pronomes de primeira pessoa utilizados, nos discursos proferidos em palanque político, pelos dois "agentes". Para tanto, procura-se observar: (i) se houve, no decorrer da trajetória política, variação no modo de fala de cada um dos políticos e (ii) se o emprego dos dêiticos de 1ª pessoa, utilizados por um e por outro, revelam diferentes estilos linguísticos e se isso resulta de um processo de construção de personas públicas. O corpus selecionado para análise é composto por discursos integrais e excertos de vários discursos proferidos em comícios eleitorais, tanto por um quanto por outro político, nas décadas de 80, 90 e anos 2000. Esse corpus foi recortado de modo a realizar a análise apenas dos discursos proferidos por Lula, nas campanhas de 1989, 2006 e 2008 e por Requião, nas campanhas de 1990 e 2006. Para elucidar o contexto de realização do discurso de palanque, busca-se descrever o comício eleitoral, recorrendo, sobretudo, a pressupostos de Palmeira e Heredia (1995) e Barreira (1998), que consideram o comício como um ritual de configuração da representação política. O percurso de Lula foi descrito com base no estudo de Paraná (2008), que traça uma trajetória da família da Silva, delineando a transformação que se operou na vida de Lula, a partir da participação do político no movimento sindical. Também se utiliza o trabalho de Resende (2007) para recuperar a trajetória de Roberto Requião. A autora analisa traços genealógicos e a carreira do político, investigando, no período de 1982 a 2006, a ação política desse "agente". Para avaliar os contrastes entre os modos de fala dos dois políticos, são utilizados, como embasamento, os pressupostos de Bourdieu (2007) e de Irvine (2001) acerca do princípio da "distintividade" na linguagem. Os papéis discursivos indicados pelos pronomes de 1ª pessoa, em função dêitica, foram descritos com base nos estudos realizados por Ilari et al. (2002). A noção de "campo dêitico", delineada por Hanks (2008), mostra-se relevante para elucidar que o processo de referenciação dêitica integra-se à prática comunicativa realizada no palanque político. O resultado deste estudo, com base nos dados investigados, demonstra que: (i) ocorreu, ao longo da trajetória de Lula, variação no modo de fala, realizado em palanque, o que não se observa na trajetória de Requião; (ii) o emprego de dêiticos de 1ª pessoa, no discurso de palanque, revela a distinção entre o modo de fala desses políticos, assim como indica a constituição distintiva de personas representativas. Este trabalho apresenta contribuições para os estudos textuais-discursivos e campos que investigam o estilo. A metodologia adotada contempla procedimentos que contribuem com o campo da Sociolinguística / Abstract: In this work, we seek to investigate the speech of two politicians: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and Roberto Requião de Mello e Silva (the first one, former President of Brazil; the second one, former Governor of the State of Paraná). We analyze the use of first-person pronouns applied in speeches made by both agents, in soapbox. For this purpose, we try to observe: (i) if there was a variation in the speech of each one of the politicians; (ii) if the use of first-person deictic, applied by each one of them, reveals different linguistic styles and if it results from a process of constructing public personas. The corpus selected for analysis is composed of full speeches and excerpts from several speeches delivered at election rallies, by both politicians, during the 80s, 90s and 2000. This corpus was cut out to make an analysis just on the speeches delivered by Lula at campaigns in 1989, 2006 and 2008, and by Requião, at campaigns in 1990 and 2006. In order to elucidate the context of realizing the soapbox, we seek to describe election rallies, making use, especially, of Palmeira e Heredia's (1995) and Barreira's (1998) assumptions, who consider the rally as a ritual of shaping the political representation. The trajectory of Lula is described based on Parana's study (2008), who has drawn Da Silva family's path, outlining the transformation which happened to Lula's life, from his participation in the Trade Union movement. We also use Resende's work (2007), in order to recover the trajectory of Roberto Requião. The author has analyzed his genealogical characteristics and political career, by investigating this agent's political action, from 1982 through 2006. With the purpose of analyzing the contrast between the speeches of both politicians, we use, as a basis, Bourdieu's (2007) and Irvine's (2001) assumptions, concerning the principle of distinctiveness in the language. The discursive roles indicated by the first-person pronouns, with a deictic function, were described based on the studies conducted by Ilari et al (2002). The notion of deictic field, outlined by Hanks (2008), has been relevant to prove that the deictic differentiation process is integrated into the communicative practice which takes place in the soapbox. The result of this study has demonstrated that (i) throughout Lula's trajectory, a variation in his soapbox speech has happened, what is not observed in Requião's trajectory; (ii) the use of first-person deictics at soapbox reveals the distinction between the speeches of these two politicians and also indicates the distinctive nature of representative personas. This work presents contributions to the textual-discursive studies and fields which investigate the style. The adopted methodology contemplates procedures which contribute to the field of sociolinguistics / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutor em Linguística