No description available.

This study explored the possibility that some individuals with alcohol and amphetamine addictions are initially motivated to use alcohol and amphetamines because of underlying issues involving body dissatisfaction and weight reduction associated with Anorexia and Bilimia Nervosa. Current literature reveals similarities among chemical dependencies and eating disorders.

No description available.

This study was designed to explore the cognitive-perceptual roots of attrition from substance abuse treatment. Previous research on interpersonal issues among substance abusers and attachment theory suggested areas for investigation: the perception of early parental care, current interpersonal functioning, and perception of the substance abuse treatment program.

The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the differences between dependent personality characteristics and clinical symptomology as measured by the MCMI-II, in three major psychiatric syndromes in inpatient and outpatient treatment settings. Results show differences in profile in all groups. Treatment setting differences show higher scores on alcohol and drug dependence and major depression for inpatients. The affective group exhibited higher scores on dependent personality, dysthymic and major depression, confirming previous research on depressive disorders and dependent personality.

The Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI) is a 10 scale indirect screening instrument used to detect substance use disorders. The current meta-analytic study described reliability reporting practices across 48 studies involving the SASSI. Reliability generalization methods were then employed to evaluate typical score reliability for the screening measure. Results showed approximately 73 of studies did not report reliability estimates. Analysis of data from the remaining studies revealed adequate reliability for the total scale (α .87) and face valid scales (FVA α .88 and FVOD α .92), but substantially lower reliability estimates for the indirect scales (range of α .23.65). The study's findings underscore the need for improved reliability reporting for the SASSI and suggest cautious use of the measure, especially its indirect scales, as an indicator of problematic substance use/abuse in clinical settings.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Substance abuse among adolescents is a Public Health concern globally with approximately 25 million adolescents (aged 13-15 years) who smoke tobacco, one in every ten girls and one in every five boys. In low- and middle-income countries, 14 % of girls and 18% of boys (13-15years old) are engaged in alcohol use. The Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health of 2018, reports that among the 15- to 19-year-olds, greater than a quarter were current alcohol drinkers. Cannabis (marijuana/dagga) is highly used globally with approximately 3.8% between 15 and 64 years, about 188 million people used it once or more times in 2017. The most commonly abused substances are alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis (marijuana/dagga). In South Africa, most adolescents are found in schools and the average age of drug experimentation is 12 years with early onset of use at about ten years of age.

Youth substance abuse in Oregon reached epidemic proportions in the early 1980s. A response to this social issue from the Governor's Office, the state legislature, and the Office of Alcohol and Drug Programs during 1983-1985 is the foundation of this case study. Oregon, a small state of three million, was faced with a growing problem of youth and adult substance abuse. Legislative leaders, agency staff, and Governor Atiyeh recognized an opportunity to create public policy to solve problems of substance abuse including crime. The focus on substance abuse included streamlining several budgets with substance abuse monies in various state agencies. The intent of this study was to recreate the development of public policy specifically in the area of youth substance abuse during the years 1983-1985. The final policy, Oregon House Bill 2124 (1985), represented the work budgets with alcohol and drug monies in various state agencies. The intent of this study is to recreate the development of public policy specifically in the area of youth substance abuse during the years 1983-1985. The final policy, Oregon House Bill 2124 (1985), represented the work of several political entities, and presented recommendations for substance abuse treatment, budget alignments among several agencies with alcohol and drug monies, and finally, prevention of youth substance abuse. This dissertation established that leadership and politics affected policy development more than the variables of economics, special interest groups, or research which were chosen from the literature in policy development. Research was the variable studied in depth to determine if policy developers utilized what was known about youth substance abuse to develop policy goals. Several barriers to the use of research and rational methods for policy development were uncovered. The study found that the use of research was regarded as important among policy developers, but their practice was not at all congruent with that belief. There were many studies on youth prevention and social competency training available to policy planners which may have supported more specific policy recommendations. No collaborations between researchers and policy developers occurred in this case study. The barriers to collaborative efforts with researchers and the use of policy analysis methods were uncovered in this study. The final policy document presented to the legislature lacked specific recommendations for well researched programs which appeared to be the result of political considerations rather than rational policy development. Finally, this case of policy development revealed a process that was inconsistent, politically driven, disregarded available research, and resulted in broad policy goals which have not been exceptionally successful in limiting or even addressing youth substance abuse over the nine years of implementation by the same administrator who significantly helped to develop them.

The purpose of the literature review is to identify consistent patterns regarding adolescent use and abuse of chemical substances, especially alcohol and marijuana. Acute physical, cognitive and social effects of alcohol and marijuana use are outlined, and environmental and personal determinants of drug use and abuse are examined. Methods of prevention and intervention are discussed and, from the research findings, a model group counseling program designed for the school setting is proposed. Adolescent use of both marijuana and alcohol is found to be modal by age 16-17. The physical, cognitive and social effects are pervasive and especially damaging to chronic users. Youth are extremely vulnerable to suffering adversity from their drug use patterns.

Bakgrund: Substansbrukssyndrom är en sjukdom som påverkar flera miljoner individer i världen idag, varav sjuksköterskor är en särskilt utsatt grupp. Detta bland annat på grund av tillgängligheten till narkotika på arbetsplatserna. Trots detta råder det stor kunskapsbrist kring ämnet. Det medför att omvårdnadsarbetet kan påverkas negativt, och patienter, kollegor och den missbrukande sjuksköterskan själv kan utsättas för risker. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskans upplevelse av personligt substansmissbruk och missbruksrehabilitering. Metod: Litteraturstudien baserades på åtta kvalitativa studier inhämtade genom databassökningar i CINAHL och PubMed. Analyserades med Fribergs femstegsmodell.Resultat: Fyra huvudkategorier framkom ur analysen: ”Orsaker till missbruket”, “missbrukets konsekvenser”, “Att konfrontera missbruket” samt “rehabilitering”. Huvudkategorierna delades upp i 8 underkategorier. Konklusion: Missbruk leder till sociala och ekonomiska konsekvenser för sjuksköterskan samt kan negativt påverka kvaliteten på patientens vård. Det finns effektiva interventioner men upplevelsen av dessa varierar och är beroende av flera faktorer. Det finns ett kunskapsgap och det behövs mer forskning kring frågan. / Background: Substance use disorder is a disease that afflicts millions of individuals worldwide today, of which nurses are vulnerable as a group because of the easy access to narcotics amongst other reasons. Despite this, there is a great lack of knowledge about the subject. This affects the nursing care negatively, and patients, colleagues and the substance abusing nurse themselves can be put at risk. Aim: To describe the nurses’ experience of personal substance abuse and rehabilitation. Methods: This literature study is based on eight qualitative studies acquired through database-searches in CINAHL and PubMed, the analysis was conducted using Friberg`s five step model. Results: Four main categories were found through the analysis: “Causes for substance abuse”, “consequences of substance abuse”, “Confronting the substance abuse” and “rehabilitation”. The main categories were divided into 8 subcategories. Conclusion: Substance abuse leads to social and economic consequences for the nurse and can negatively affect the quality of the patient's care. There are effective interventions but the experiences of these vary and are dependent on multiple variables. There is a lack of research on the subject, and more is needed.