Orientador: Flávio Luis Schmidt / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T16:28:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_ReinaldoEduardo_D.pdf: 6124650 bytes, checksum: 0e168bcc101ccea43f669dec71d2c742 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Caldo de cana-de-açúcar foi submetido a dois tipos diferentes de tratamentos clarificantes ¿ convencional e microfiltração. O tratamento convencional foi aplicado ao caldo controle (a 14 °Brix), baseado no aquecimento (30, 40, 50 ou 60°C), calagem até pH 7,2, ebulição,adição de polímero e decantação. A microfiltração seguiu um planejamento fatorial completo, com 11 ensaios. As variáveis independentes foram temperatura e pressão transmembrana, que variaram entre 25,9 e 54,1°C e entre 1,8 e 3,2 bar, respectivamente. O caldo para a microfiltração também foi ajustado para 14 °Brix. As respostas avaliadas foram: fluxo acumulado de permeado; e resistências (membrana, fouling, polarização da concentração/camada polarizada e total). Um experimento com caldo controle (sem ajuste prévio de pH) e outro com ajuste prévio (pH = 7,2) também foram avaliados, sob as mesmas condições. Os caldos clarificados por processo convencional e os permeados e retentados por microfiltração foram comparados em relação a diferentes propriedades físico-químicas. A teoria de renovação de superfície foi testada para o caldo de cana; e alterações no tratamento industrial do caldo foram sugeridas. Os caldos clarificados sob diferentes temperaturas apresentaram diferenças mínimas entre si ou em relação ao controle, com exceção da cor e turbidez, os quais foram significativamente inferiores (entre 13.604 e 15.873 U.I. e entre 253 e 284 NTU, respectivamente) em relação ao controle (17.344 U.I. e 1.372 NTU, respectivamente). Os permeados apresentaram valores próximos entre si, sugerindo que moléculas de açúcares e sais não foram retidas pelas membranas, indicando que a temperatura e a pressão não influenciaram estes parâmetros. Comparando-se os permeados com o controle, observou-se grande redução na cor e turbidez, com a cor dos permeados variando entre 4.275 e 8.644 U.I.; e a turbidez entre 1,80 e 16,27 NTU. Comportamento semelhante ao indicado para os permeados foi observado para os retentados, pois os últimos diferiram em relação ao controle em termos de cor e turbidez, apresentando valores entre 31.056 e 43.644 U.I. e entre 1.439 e 3.221 NTU. Os retentados exibiram valores para cor e turbidez superiores aos dos permeados. Os valores para cor e turbidez dos permeados foram inferiores aos dos caldos clarificados por clarificação convencional. Os permeados e retentados dos ensaios com ajuste prévio e posterior de pH foram comparados entre si, mas não apresentaram diferenças significativas, com exceção do pH, o qual foi maior no ensaio com ajuste prévio. Os retentados sem e com ajuste prévio de pH apresentaram os seguintes valores de cor e turbidez: 46.215 e 85.073 U.I. e 2.270 e 3.373 NTU, respectivamente, superiores aos respectivos permeados (7.368 e 6.185 U.I. e 91 e 2,5 NTU). A temperatura foi a variável que mais influenciou o fluxo e as resistências. A principal resistência ao fluxo deveu-se ao fouling, chegando a 80%. Todos os modelos propostos foram significativos, indicando bom ajuste aos valores de fluxo e de resistências. O modelo para a teoria de renovação de superfície apresentou ajuste moderado em relação aos dados experimentais, tendo variado entre 51,9 e 90,3%. Para o caldo de cana com ajuste prévio de pH, o modelo proposto não se ajustou aos dados / Abstract: Sugarcane juice was submitted to two different types of clarifying treatments ¿ conventional and microfiltration. Conventional treatment was applied to the control (at 14 °Brix), based on heating (30, 40, 50 or 60°C), liming to pH 7.2, boiling, addition of polymer and decantation. Microfiltration followed a complete factorial design with 11 experiments. The independent variables were temperature and transmembrane pressure, which varied between 25.9 and 54.1°C and between 1.8 and 3.2 bar, respectively. The juice for microfiltration was also adjusted to 14 °Brix. The responses evaluated were: accumulated permeate flux; and resistances (membrane, fouling, polarization of concentration/polarized layer and total). An experiment with control juice (without prior pH adjustment) and another with prior adjustment (pH = 7.2) were also evaluated under the same conditions. The juice clarified by the conventional process and the permeates and retentates by microfiltration were compared in relation to different physicochemical properties. The surface renew theory was tested for the sugarcane juice; and changes in the industrial treatment of sugarcane juice were proposed. Juice clarified at different temperatures showed minimal differences between them or in relation to the control, with the exception of color and turbidity, which were significantly lower (between 13,604 and 15,873 I.U. and between 253 and 284 NTU, respectively) in relation to the control (17,344 I.U. and 1,372 NTU, respectively). The permeates presented values close to each other, suggesting that sugar and salt molecules were not retained by the membranes, indicating that the temperature and pressure did not influence these parameters. Comparing the permeates with the control, a great reduction in the color and turbidity was observed, with the color of the permeates varying from 4,275 to 8,644 I.U.; and the turbidity from 1.80 to 16.27 NTU. Similar behavior to that indicated for the permeates was observed for the retentates, since the latter also differed in relation to the control in terms of color and turbidity, showing values between 31,056 and 43,644 I.U. and between 1,439 and 3,221 NTU. The retentates exhibited values for color and turbidity higher than those for the permeates. The values for color and turbidity were lower than those of the juice clarified by conventional clarification. The permeates and retentates from experiments with prior and subsequent adjustment of the pH, were compared but did not present significant differences, with the exception of the pH, which was higher in the experiment with prior adjustment. The retentates without and with prior adjustment of the pH exhibited the following color and turbidity values: 46,215 and 85,073 I.U. and 2,270 and 3,273 NTU, respectively, higher than the respective permeates (7,368 and 6,185 I.U. and 91 and 2.5 NTU). The temperature was the variable that most influenced the flux and resistances. The main resistance to flux was by fouling, reaching 80%. All the proposed models were significant,indicating good adjustment to the values of flux and resistances. The model for the surface renew theory presented a moderate adjustment in relation to the experimental values, varying between 51.9 and 90.3%. For the sugarcane juice with prior adjustment of pH, the proposed model did not fit the data / Doutorado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Please read the abstract in the 00front part of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Environmental Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

Retention of a sugarcane mulch blanket, following green cane harvesting could increase soil water conservation, soil health (organic matter content and micro-organism activity) and soil nutrient status. However, little is known about the effect of such a mulch layer on sugarcane crop growth and development. To study the latter, an experiment was carried out in Komatipoort at the South African Sugarcane Research Institute’s Experimental Station. Row spacing arrangement was either 1.5 m or 1.2 m x 0.6 m tram rows. N14 was planted as a fast canopy growing cultivar and N26 as a slow canopy growing cultivar. Plots were either covered by a mulch layer or left as bare soil. Stalk population, stalk height and radiation interception were measured every second week. Soil temperature readings were logged hourly at a depth of 0.15 m. Preliminary results indicated that early growth and development of sugarcane was delayed under mulch treatments. Stalk length of N26 was reduced more than that of N14. Stalk population of both cultivars were significantly lower under the mulch treatment. Fractional interception of solar radiation was only 50% at 150 days after planting for the mulch treatment, compared to 70% for bare plots. Slow initial growth and delayed canopy development in mulch treatments were associated with low soil temperatures in the period leading up to full canopy closure. Soil temperature in the mulch treatments remained between 3 to 4oC lower than the bare soil treatments. Early indications are that the presence of a mulch layer may reduce early growth and development of sugarcane. Copyright / Dissertation (MInstAgrar)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

Thesis (Ph.D. Agriculture (Plant Production)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / Worldwide, both root-knot (Meloidogyne species) and sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner), are economic pests on sugarcane and sorghum crops. In most cases, each of the two pests is managed using host plant resistance due to the economic benefits derived from this management strategy. The highly nematode resistant sweet stem sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) cv. 'Ndendane-X1' used in ethanol production, is highly sensitive to sugarcane aphid, with some indication that the latter could interfere with nematode resistance in the sorghum cultivar. This study had four objectives which collectively intended to investigate the interactive effects of infection by three Meloidogyne species and infestation by aphid under different conditions on resistance to nematode in a nematode-resistant sorghum cultivar. The research objectives were achieved through four trials. In each trial a 2 × 2 factorial experiment, each with and without nematode and aphid as first and second factors, respectively, were conducted. Treatments were arranged in a randomised complete block design, with six replications, and each experiment validated in time. At 150 days, after emergence, the nematode × aphid interaction significantly reduced sucrose by 17, 74 and 42% in Meloidogyne enterolobii, Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica trials, respectively. Aphid infestation of sorghum significantly increased the reproductive potentials of the three respective Meloidogyne species by 196, 320 and 152%, but significantly, reduced plant growth variables from 20-44 and 48-51% in two respective trials. The mineral nutrients S and Zn were reduced in leaf tissues of the test cultivar in Trial 1, whereas Ca and Zn were respectively reduced by 24 and 51% in Trial 2 and by 52 and 51% in Trial 3. Since the reproductive potential values for Meloidogynqe species on the test sorghum cultivar were greater than unity and nematode infection reduced the plant variables, cv. 'Ndendane-X1' lost resistance to xx the test Meloidogyne species. In achieving Objective 2, procedures were similar to those in Objective 1 except that the study was conducted under field conditions under mixed nematode populations of M. enterolobii, M. incognita and M. javanica. Sorghum seedlings were raised at 0.3 m × 0.3 m inter and intra row spacings. Soon after emergence, plants were thinned to one per station, randomly selected for nematode and nematode-aphid treatments. Mixed populations of Meloidogyne species (M. enterolobii, M. incognita and M. javanica) at approximately 1:1:1 (v/v) ratio were applied at 300 eggs + J2 per plants after thinning at the five plants which were used as nematode alone treatments. The latter were also infested with 20 sugarcane aphids to constitute a nematode + aphid treatments. Buffer zone plants separating the treatments were monitored for aphids and stock borer, which were sprayed when necessary. At 150 days after infestation, relative to nematode alone, nematode-aphid significantly reduced degrees Brix from 13% to 61%, but significantly increased the reproductive potential of mixed Meloidogyne species and root galls by 279 and 199%, respectively. Also, the combined effect significantly reduced plant growth variables from 35 to 55% and the mineral nutrient elements in leaf tissues of the cultivar from 33 to 73%. At 150 days after the treatment, the second and first order interaction (Nemarioc-AL × Nemafric-BL × Mordica and Nemafric-BL × Mordica) had significantly increased sucrose content from 48 to 66%, increased plant growth variables from 49 to 163%, increased accumulation of certain nutrient elements from 164 to 206%. The terpenoid-containing phytonematicides could have potential future application in the husbandry of ethanol-producing sweet stem sorghum cultivars in relation to increasing sucrose above the 16% minimum for premium delivery fees and increased plant growth. Under field conditions, in pest-free condition (Objective 3), drenched terpenoid-containing phytonematicides significantly increased sucrose content at xxi middle and bottom part of SSS cv. 'Ndendane-X1' by 66 and 48%. However, these products did not significantly increase plant variables, except tiller number, which was increased by 163 under first order interaction from Nemafric-BL and Mordica phytonematicides. Similarly, nutrient elements variables had generally not been increased by the interaction of these products, except Ca and K, which were increased by 206 and 164%. In achieving Objective 4, a 2 × 2 × 2, with the first, second and third factor being Nemarioc-AL (with and without), Nemafric-BL (with and without) and Mordica (with and without) phytonematicides, respectively. on sorghum cultivar infected with a mixture of Meloidogyne species and infested with aphids, under microplot conditions, untreated control sucrose content remained below the standard of 16 degrees Brix, whereas the second order interaction increased the variable far above the standard, along with various plant growth variables also increased. However, both nematode and aphid population densities were significantly reduced by the interactions. Findings in this thesis constituted the first report where aphid infestation broke resistance to Meloidogyne species in sweet stem sorghum cv. 'Ndendane-X1'. Therefore, the successful use of nematode resistance in the cultivar in areas with high nematode population densities would depend upon the effective management of the sugarcane aphid population densities. Also, the three terpenoid-containing phytonematicides would when combined or used alone have the potential future in the husbandry of sweet stem sorghum cultivars intended for ethanol production and suppression of nematode population densities / National Research Foundation (NRF)

No description available.

South Africa is the largest producer of sugar in Africa and one of the ten largest sugarcane producers in the world. Sugarcane in South Africa is grown under a wide range of agro-climatic conditions. Climate has been identified as the single most important factor influencing sugarcane production in South Africa. Traditionally, sugarcane mill committees have issued forecasts of anticipated production for a region. However, owing to several limitations of such committee forecasts, more advanced technologies have had to be considered. The aim of this study has been to develop, evaluate and implement a pertinent and technologically advanced operational sugarcane yield forecasting system for South Africa. Specific objectives have included literature and technology reviews, surveys of stakeholder requirements, the development and evaluation of a forecasting system and the assessment of information transfer and user adoption. A crop yield model-based system has been developed to simulate representative crops for derived Homogeneous Climate Zones (HCZ). The system has integrated climate data and crop management, soil, irrigation and seasonal rainfall outlook information. Simulations of yields were aggregated from HCZs to mill supply area and industry scales and were compared with actual production. The value of climate information (including climate station networks) and seasonal rainfall outlook information were quantified independently. It was concluded that the system was capable of forecasting yields with acceptable accuracy over a wide range of agro-climatic conditions in South Africa. At an industry scale, the system captured up to 58% of the climatically driven variability in mean annual sugarcane yields. Forecast accuracies differed widely between different mill supply areas, and several factors were identified that may explain some inconsistencies. Seasonal rainfall outlook information generally enhanced forecasts of sugarcane production. Rainfall outlooks issued during the summer months seemed more valuable than those issued in early spring. Operationally, model-based forecasts can be expected to be valuable prior to the commencement of the milling season in April. Current limitations of forecasts include system calibration, the expression of production relative to that of the previous season and the omission of incorporating near real-time production and climate information. Several refinements to the forecast system are proposed and a strong collaborative approach between modellers, climatologists, mill committees and other decision makers is encouraged. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:55:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4773.pdf: 2663058 bytes, checksum: bffabf5b19b85ded64c108c783beee0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-17 / The increasing demand for alternative energy sources for replacing fossil fuels has attracted investments for Brazilian sugarcane industry, which has been widely reconized as a model of renewable energy producer. To ensure financial security is necessary that production of sugarcane provide the socioeconomic and agri-enviromental needs, with emphasis on the relationship between the production of electricity from the burning of biomass and ethanol by new ways of obtaining such as cellulose hydrolysis and the maintenance of sugarcane trash under the soil. Process based crop models based, such as APSIM (Agricultural Productions Systems Simulator), are useful tools for planing the production system and to identify the bottlenecks influencing the profitability of the sector. The objective was to model the growth and productivity of green and burnt sugarcane harvesting systems, under several nitrogen fertilizer levels (60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1). The study was based on two experiments located in Piracicaba-SP and Salinas-MG caried on with cultivar SP80-1842. The evaluation of the model showed that the APSIM-Sugarcane is able to drescribe adequately the growth and productivity of cane sugar production in these environments, once the modeling eficiency (E) was greater than 0.9 for stlak dry mass (MS). Simulations also showed that the amount of trash on the soil would affect the crop yield and the remotion of trash for using in the mills would ultimately decrease the sugarcane yield along the time. However, in these simulations, the crop did not respond to nitrogen fertilization. / A demanda crescente por fontes energéticas alternativas, em detrimento dos combustiveis fósseis, tem dado destaque ao Brasil no cenário inernacional como modelo de produção de energia renovável e atraído investimentos massivos ao setor sucroenergético brasileiro nacional. Para garantir a segurança financeira do negócio, é necessário que a produção de cana-de-açúcar supra as necessidades socioeconômicas e agroambientais, com ênfase na relação entre a produção de energia elétrica, a partir da queima dos resíduos vegetais e do etanol por novas vias de obtenção, como a hidrólise de celulose, e a manutenção da palha sob o solo. Modelos de simulação de culturas baseados em processos biofísicos, como o APSIM (Agricultural Productions Systems Simulator), são ferramentas úteis para o planejamento da produção e na determinação dos pontos de estrangulamento que influenciam a lucratividade do setor. O objetivo do trabalho foi modelar o crescimento e a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar em sistemas de colheita mecanizada, avaliando o efeito da remoção da palhada remanescente em combinação com doses de adubação nitrogenada de 60, 120 e 180 kg.ha-1. Os estudos foram realizados com base em dois experimentos localizados em Piracicaba-SP e Salinas-MG, conduzidos com a variedade SP80-1842. A avaliação do modelo revelou que o APSIM-Sugarcane é capaz de descrever adequadamente o crescimento e a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar em diferentes ambientes produtivos com eficiência da modelagem (E) maior que 0,9 para massa seca de colmos (MS). As simulações também mostraram que a quantidade de palha no solo pode afetar a produtividade da cultura, que a remoção da palha, para utilização na indústria, acarretaria em redução da produtividade no longo prazo. Entretanto, nas simulações feitas a cultura não respondeu significativamente à adubação nitrogenada.

The purpose of this work was to evaluate biometric, metabolic and physiological four of the most promising varieties of RIDESA s sugar cane at 150 and 240 days, where in this second period, under the influence of the fungus Curvularia inaequalis, causal agent of the Curvularia s spot.The gas exchange, fluorescence, chlorophyll content and biometry of varieties of sugar cane (Saccharumofficinarum) RB 872552, RB 962962, RB 98710 and RB 92579 were assessed under controlled conditions in vessels, maintained in a greenhouse. The measurements of gas exchange were made at 8:00 am using the following parameters: photosynthetic assimilation of CO2 (A), stomatal conductance (gS), the internal concentration of carbon (Ci), transpiration (E) and vapor pressure deficit between leaf and air (DPVairleaf). Fluorescence measurements were performed at 9:00 am being used the initial fluorescence (Fo), maximum (Fm), variable (Fv), the ratio between variable and maximum fluorescence (Fv / Fm), photochemical quenching (qP) and quenching non-photochemical (qN). The content of chlorophyll a, b and total was collected after elapsed previous analyzes. The quantification of the PAL enzyme was subsequently performed in the laboratory using the leaf +1 of sugar cane.At 150 days of gas exchange, the parameters of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and transpiration showed abnormalities, and the variety 98710 presented the best results. The same tendency was repeated in the data of chlorophyllous pigments and biometrics. The data of chlorophyll fluorescence did not change.At 240 days of the gas exchange showed difference for the parameters of photosynthetic assimilation CO2, stomatal conductance and internal carbon, and the varieties 872552 and 962962 had values that indicate infection by the fungus.The same tendency occurred in fluorescence of chlorophyll a, in the parameters minimal fluorescence, maximal fluorescence, maximum quantum yield (Fv / Fm), photochemical quenching and non-photochemical quenching. The chlorophyllous pigments showed no change.Confirming the trend, quantified the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia-lyase showed variation, with varieties RB 872552 and 962962 with the major activity of this enzyme in the inoculated treatment.Biometrically varieties RB 92579 and 98710 showed the best development in both treatments. We conclude that under optimal conditions, the varieties generally had the same trends at 150 and 240 days after transplanting, already under the influence of the fungus Curvularia inaequalis, the varieties RB 92579 and 98710 were resistant, the varieties and RB 872552 and 962962 presented symptoms. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar biométrica, metabólica e fisiologicamente quatro variedades de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharumofficinarum)da RIDESA aos 150 e 240 dias. Sendo as avaliações conduzidas aos 240 dias sob a influência do fungo Curvularia inaequalis, agente causal da mancha de curvularia. As trocas gasosas, a fluorescência, o teor de clorofila e a biometria das variedades de cana-de-açúcarRB 872552, RB 962962, RB 98710 e RB 92579 foram avaliadas em vasos, mantidos em casa de vegetaçãosob condição controlada. As medições de trocas gasosas foram realizadas às 8:00 horas da manhã utilizando os parâmetros: assimilação fotossintética de CO2 (A), condutância estomática (gS), concentração interna de Carbono (Ci), transpiração (E) e déficit de pressão de vapor entre a folha e o ar (DPVfolha-ar). As medições de fluorescência foram realizadas às 9:00 horas sendo utilizadas a fluorescência inicial (Fo), máxima (Fm), variável (Fv), razão entre as fluorescências variável e máxima (Fv/Fm), quenching fotoquímico (qP) e quenching não-fotoquímico (qN). O teor de clorofila a, b e total foi coletado depois de decorridas as análises anteriores. A quantificação da enzima fenilalanina amônia-liase(PAL) foi realizada posteriormente em laboratório, utilizando a folha +1 da cana-de-açúcar. Aos 150 dias para as trocas gasosas, os parâmetros assimilação fotossintética de CO2 e transpiração apresentaram alteração, sendo a variedade 98710 a que apresentou os maioresvalores. A mesma tendência se repetiu para os dados de pigmentos clorofilados e biometria. Os dados de fluorescência da clorofila a não variaram. Aos 240 dias, as trocas gasosas apresentaram diferença para os parâmetros assimilação fotossintética de CO2, condutância estomática e carbono interno, sendo que as variedades RB 872552 e RB 962962 apresentaram valores que indicam infecção pelo fungo. A mesma tendência ocorreu na fluorescência da clorofila a, nos parâmetros fluorescência mínima, fluorescência máxima, rendimento quântico potencial (Fv/Fm), quenching fotoquímico e não-fotoquímico. Os pigmentos clorofilados não apresentaram nenhuma alteração. Confirmando a tendência, a enzima quantificada fenilalanina amônia-liase (PAL) apresentou variação, sendo as variedades RB 872552 e RB 962962 caracterizadas com maior atividade dessa enzima nos tratamentos inoculados. Biometricamente as variedades RB 92579 e 98710 apresentaram o maior desenvolvimento em ambos os tratamentos. Conclui-se que em condições ótimas, as variedades em geral tiveram tendências iguais aos 150 e 240 dias após o transplantio, já sob a influência do fungo Curvularia inaequalis, as variedades RB 92579 e RB98710 não apresentaram sintomas e as variedades RB 872552 e RB 962962 apresentaram sintomas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angela Godinho (arquivo PDF).pdf: 765402 bytes, checksum: b85725866dfde96ee501b0becac3385d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-29 / The sugarcane international scenery and their industrialized products are extremely interesting, mainly for Brazil the largest sugar s world manufacturing and the largest cane ethanol s producing. In this context the São Paulo State, the largest producing of the Federation demonstrates business and political disposition for the agricultural and industrial expansion of the sugarcane. This expansion is being accomplished in areas of extensive cattle raising of low productivity, in degraded soils. The cattle raising in São Paulo is concentrated in the West region; therefore the sugarcane expansion in this area is in great execution. The environmental conditions in the West of São Paulo are typical and the development of the sugarcane crop presents specific aspects. In this context the present work found to study the biometrics and technological parameters and leaf nutrients, of six sugarcane cultivars, precocious cycle, medium cycles and late cycles. The results obtained from technological parameters did not show significant differences among the cultivars tested, likely because of low rainfall during the period observed, which could constrain plant s performances. The leaf nutrients analyzed presented differences for Mg and S, in late cycle cultivars, which presented smaller productivities of sugar in function of smaller sugarcane productivities. Our results indicated that an adequate S soil concentration is essential for sugarcane s yield. / O panorama internacional da cultura canavieira e seus produtos industrializados são extremamente interessantes, principalmente para o Brasil, maior produtor de açúcar de cana do mundo e maior produtor de etanol de cana. Neste contexto, o Estado de São Paulo, maior produtor da Federação demonstra disposição empresarial e política para a expansão agrícola e industrial da cana-de-açúcar, em particular, esta expansão está sendo realizada em áreas de pecuária extensiva de baixa produtividade, em solos degradados. A pecuária, em São Paulo, está concentrada no Oeste Paulista, portanto a expansão canavieira nesta região está em franca execução. As condições edafoclimáticas do Oeste Paulista são típicas e o desenvolvimento da cultura canavieira apresenta aspectos específicos. Neste contexto o presente trabalho buscou estudar os parâmetros biométricos e tecnológicos, de seis cultivares de cana-de-açúcar, de ciclo precoce, médio e tardio. Os resultados obtidos para as analises tecnológicas não diferenciaram as cultivares precoces, medias e tardias, provavelmente devido a baixa precipitação ocorrida no período o que poderia ter limitado o desempenho das cultivares testadas. Os nutrientes foliares analisados apresentaram diferenças para Mg e S, nas cultivares tardias, que apresentaram menores produtividades de açúcar em função de menores produtividades das plantas em campo. O S mostrou ser indispensável nos solos arenosos do Oeste Paulista.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angela Godinho (arquivo PDF).pdf: 765402 bytes, checksum: b85725866dfde96ee501b0becac3385d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-29 / The sugarcane international scenery and their industrialized products are extremely interesting, mainly for Brazil the largest sugar s world manufacturing and the largest cane ethanol s producing. In this context the São Paulo State, the largest producing of the Federation demonstrates business and political disposition for the agricultural and industrial expansion of the sugarcane. This expansion is being accomplished in areas of extensive cattle raising of low productivity, in degraded soils. The cattle raising in São Paulo is concentrated in the West region; therefore the sugarcane expansion in this area is in great execution. The environmental conditions in the West of São Paulo are typical and the development of the sugarcane crop presents specific aspects. In this context the present work found to study the biometrics and technological parameters and leaf nutrients, of six sugarcane cultivars, precocious cycle, medium cycles and late cycles. The results obtained from technological parameters did not show significant differences among the cultivars tested, likely because of low rainfall during the period observed, which could constrain plant s performances. The leaf nutrients analyzed presented differences for Mg and S, in late cycle cultivars, which presented smaller productivities of sugar in function of smaller sugarcane productivities. Our results indicated that an adequate S soil concentration is essential for sugarcane s yield. / O panorama internacional da cultura canavieira e seus produtos industrializados são extremamente interessantes, principalmente para o Brasil, maior produtor de açúcar de cana do mundo e maior produtor de etanol de cana. Neste contexto, o Estado de São Paulo, maior produtor da Federação demonstra disposição empresarial e política para a expansão agrícola e industrial da cana-de-açúcar, em particular, esta expansão está sendo realizada em áreas de pecuária extensiva de baixa produtividade, em solos degradados. A pecuária, em São Paulo, está concentrada no Oeste Paulista, portanto a expansão canavieira nesta região está em franca execução. As condições edafoclimáticas do Oeste Paulista são típicas e o desenvolvimento da cultura canavieira apresenta aspectos específicos. Neste contexto o presente trabalho buscou estudar os parâmetros biométricos e tecnológicos, de seis cultivares de cana-de-açúcar, de ciclo precoce, médio e tardio. Os resultados obtidos para as analises tecnológicas não diferenciaram as cultivares precoces, medias e tardias, provavelmente devido a baixa precipitação ocorrida no período o que poderia ter limitado o desempenho das cultivares testadas. Os nutrientes foliares analisados apresentaram diferenças para Mg e S, nas cultivares tardias, que apresentaram menores produtividades de açúcar em função de menores produtividades das plantas em campo. O S mostrou ser indispensável nos solos arenosos do Oeste Paulista.