A study of packing constructs a critique of the everyday: a dialogue between chaos and order, surface and area, interior and exterior, gravity and lightness. In search of tangible expression of the spatial processes I am responsible for, I have become both master architect and expert packer. I have composed this thesis the same way I pack: I have assembled piles of fragments, regrouped them, reconsidered, edited, alloted them more or less space. Things have become more and less valuable. Quotes and images are precious, like artifacts, tucked delicately between text-filled pages. Each word I write, each line I draw, creates a boundary, a parcel, a unit of space set apart from the white of the page. This book is my suitcase.

A study of packing constructs a critique of the everyday: a dialogue between chaos and order, surface and area, interior and exterior, gravity and lightness. In search of tangible expression of the spatial processes I am responsible for, I have become both master architect and expert packer. I have composed this thesis the same way I pack: I have assembled piles of fragments, regrouped them, reconsidered, edited, alloted them more or less space. Things have become more and less valuable. Quotes and images are precious, like artifacts, tucked delicately between text-filled pages. Each word I write, each line I draw, creates a boundary, a parcel, a unit of space set apart from the white of the page. This book is my suitcase.

Teleskophandtaget på en resväska är troligen det användaren är i kontakt med mest och kanske även det som berörs först vid val av resväska. Det gör att det har en viktig roll i att förmedla en uppfattning om resväskans kvalitet. Detta projekt har initierats av företaget Thule Sweden AB som arbetar med transportlösningar för personliga föremål, däribland exempelvis resväskor som är det affärsområde projektet tillhörde. Projektet syftar till att utveckla deras befintliga teleskophandtag till att erbjuda större valfrihet i höjdjustering. Thule kännetecknas av, och strävar efter, att ta fram funktionella och genomtänkta lösningar med hög kvalitet och säkerhet. De tror att utveckling av teleskophandtaget kan höja kvalitetsuppfattning av resväskan i stort. Projektet har genomförts som ett examensarbete för maskiningenjörsutbildningen på Mittuniversitetet i Östersund. I rapporten redovisas de delar av produktutvecklingsprocessen projektet innefattat och alla resultat från de olika metoder som använts. Processen delades in i de tre faserna: produktspecificering, konceptgenerering samt konceptutvärdering. Resultatet av projektet blev två konceptuella lösningar till låsmekanismer för steglös höjdjustering. Dessa anpassades för integrering i Thules befintliga teleskophandtag. Den ena av mekanismerna bygger på mekanisk låsning och den andra på friktionslåsning. Med anledning av att koncepten skiljer sig åt i teknik samt att Thule ansåg att båda hade intressanta egenskaper valdes båda till slutkoncept. Lösningarna presenteras både i form av digitala solidmodeller och 3Dprintade prototyper. De båda konceptuella lösningarna behöver utvärderas vidare bland annat genom att undersöka om det är möjligt att skapa ett tillräckligt högt motstånd med friktionslösningen samt om det är möjligt att minska vikten hos den mekaniska lösningen. Den viktigaste slutsatsen av projektet är att det bör vara fullt möjligt att utveckla ett steglöst teleskophandtag som passar Thules varumärkesmässiga profil och som faktiskt höjer kvalitetskänslan. / The telescope handle on a suitcase is probably what the user is in contact with most and perhaps also what is touched first when choosing a suitcase. This means that it has an important role to play in conveying a conception of the suitcase quality. This project has been initiated by the company Thule Sweden AB, which works with transport solutions for personal items, including, among other things suitcases that are the business area the project belonged to. The project aims to develop their existing telescopic handles to offer greater freedom of choice in height adjustment. Thule is characterized by, and strives for, to develop functional and well-thought-out solutions with high quality and safety. They believe that the development of the telescopic handle can increase the quality perception of the suitcase in general. The project has been carried out as a degree project for the mechanical engineering program at the Mid Sweden University in Östersund. In the report, the parts of the product development process are included in the project and all results from the various methods used. The process was divided into the three phases: product specification, concept generation and concept evaluation. The result of the project was two conceptual solutions for locking mechanisms for continuous height adjustment. These were adapted for integration in Thule's existing telescopic handles. One of the mechanisms is based on mechanical locking and the other on friction locking. Due to the fact that the concepts differ in technology and that Thule considered that both had interesting properties, both were chosen as final concepts. The solutions are presented both in the form of digital solid models and 3D-printed prototypes. The two conceptual solutions need to be further evaluated, among other things by examining whether it is possible to create a sufficiently high locking resistance with the friction solution and whether it is possible to reduce the weight of the mechanical solution. The most important conclusion of the project is that it should be possible to develop a continuous height adjustable telescopic handle that fits Thule's brand profile and which actually increases the feeling of quality. / <p>Betyg: 2019-08-15</p>

Trust is a social phenomenon fundamental to relationships and a building block of our society. People experience it daily, such as in a borrowing between friends, in an e-commerce transaction, in a mother-son relationship, in a connection between autonomous agents, or to show faith in God (\"In God we trust\"). In the specific case of Biodiversity domain, trust is one of the pillars of the Citizen Science projects, which are helping to solve the lack of biodiversity data by engaging citizens to work as volunteers to address this problem. Measuring and simulating levels of trust on these projects might reveal or anticipate losses; for example, the disposal of data because a deficit of trust on the technical capacity of the volunteers, opening an opportunity to manage and improve it. However, trust is a hard concept to define. The word \'trust\' may carry different meanings, such as honesty, security, integrity, competence, etc. and this is an attribute of the \'suitcase words\'. Adopting the \'suitcase\' perspective would change the way as we define, model, and simulate trust, once people would identify, decode, and simulate many meanings of trust with a single approach. In this scenario, the main objective of our research was to verify the hypotheses 1) that trust is a suitcase word, and 2) that trust can be modeled and simulated under a suitcase word perspective. A network analysis of the Web of Science citation database was able to confirm the hypothesis that trust is a suitcase word, since a distribution analysis of articles showed that trust occurs across a wide range of disciplines, and since co-occurrence maps of keywords showed that trust meanings from these disciplines may be significantly different. To verify the second hypothesis, we proposed a framework to manage trust with three components: 1) a suitcase model to identify different meanings of trust, which is the main purpose of this work, 2) a procedure to detail trust situations in terms of the suitcase model, and 3) a behavioral decision model of confidence, which was required for our simulation, since trust and control play complementary roles in the development of confidence, and consequently, to generate a confident behavior to cooperate. In our suitcase model the decision to trust (or distrust) the trustee depends on the trustors\' general capacity to take risks (= trustfulness) and on the assessment of trustee\'s interests and capacity to behavior as the trustor expects (= trustworthiness). In a practical and workable way, trustworthiness was considered a function of the trustor\'s expectations (expected evidence) and the trustee\'s previous behavior (collected evidence) for each situation. We proposed a formalism to the suitcase model, and then replicated the PlayGround simulator to modify it and incorporate our model. The new simulator, the PlayGround 2.0, was used to run a case study using trust situations from Citizen Science projects. Our main goal with this case study was to test the hypothesis that trust can be simulated under a suitcase perspective. A successful simulation would plot agents in the field reacting differently according to each situation. Results were as expected, what demonstrated the comprehensive utility of our model, with potential to handle different meanings of trust in the context of Citizen Science in the Biodiversity domain. / Trust, que em português não possui uma tradução que reflita a sua complexidade, é um fenômeno fundamental para os relacionamentos e uma peça fundamental da nossa sociedade. Trust é vivenciada diariamente pelas pessoas, seja em um empréstimo entre amigos, em uma transação de comércio eletrônico, na relação entra uma mãe e um filho, na conexão entre agentes autônomos, ou para demonstrar a nossa fé. No caso específico da ciência da Biodiversidade, trust é um dos pilares dos projetos de Ciência Cidadã, que ajudam a resolver a falta de dados de biodiversidade engajando cidadãos para trabalhar como voluntários para solucionar o problema. Medir e simular trust nestes projetos pode revelar ou antecipar perdas, por exemplo, o descarte de dados devido à falta de trust na capacidade técnica dos voluntários, abrindo oportunidades para sua gestão e incentivo. Contudo, trust é um conceito difícil de definir. A palavra pode carregar muitos significados, tais como honestidade, segurança, integridade, competência, etc., e esta é uma característica das suitcase words (palavras-mala). Adotar uma perspectiva de suitcase pode mudar a maneira como definimos, modelamos e simulamos trust, pois as pessoas poderiam identificar, decodificar, e simular vários significados de trust com uma única abordagem. Neste cenário, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi verificar as hipóteses de que 1) trust é uma suitcase word e de que 2) trust pode ser modelada e simulada em uma perspectiva de suitcase com potencial para manipulação de diferentes significados. Uma análise de distribuição utilizando o banco de dados Web of Science foi suficiente para confirmar a primeira hipótese de que trust é uma suitcase word, pois uma análise dos seus registros de citações mostrou que trust é estudado por muitas disciplinas da ciência, e além disso, mapas de co-ocorrência de palavraschaves mostraram que os significados de trust nas disciplinas podem ser diferentes. Para verificar a segunda hipótese, nós propusemos um framework com três componentes: 1) um \'modelo suitcase\' para identificar diferentes significados de trust, que é o objetivo principal deste trabalho, 2) um procedimento para detalhar as situações de trust em componentes do modelo suitcase, e 3) um modelo de decisão comportamental sobre confiança, que foi necessário para nossa simulação, uma vez que trust e controle tem papéis complementares no desenvolvimento da confiança, e consequentemente, na exibição de um comportamento de confiança que pode levar à cooperação. No nosso modelo, a decisão de trust o trustee (aquele a quem trust é direcionada) depende da capacidade do trustor (aquele que direciona trust) em aceitar riscos (= trustfulness), e da avaliação do interesse e da capacidade do trustee em agir como o esperado (= trustworthiness). De uma maneira prática, trustworthiness foi considerada como uma função das evidências esperadas e coletadas em cada situação. Nós propusemos um formalismo para o novo modelo, e depois replicamos um simulador chamado PlayGround para depois modificá-lo e incorporar o modelo suitcase. O novo simulador, o PlayGround 2.0, foi utilizado para rodar um estudo de caso utilizando situações comuns em projetos de Citizen Science. Nosso maior objetivo foi testar a hipótese de que trust poderia ser simulada em uma perspectiva de suitcase. Uma simulação bem-sucedida plotaria os agentes em campo reagindo diferentemente de acordo com as situações apresentadas. Os resultados foram como esperados, o que demonstrou a utilidade abrangente do nosso modelo, com potencial para lidar com diferentes significados de trust no contexto dos projetos de Ciência Cidadã para Biodiversidade, ou em outros contextos.

Trust is a social phenomenon fundamental to relationships and a building block of our society. People experience it daily, such as in a borrowing between friends, in an e-commerce transaction, in a mother-son relationship, in a connection between autonomous agents, or to show faith in God (\"In God we trust\"). In the specific case of Biodiversity domain, trust is one of the pillars of the Citizen Science projects, which are helping to solve the lack of biodiversity data by engaging citizens to work as volunteers to address this problem. Measuring and simulating levels of trust on these projects might reveal or anticipate losses; for example, the disposal of data because a deficit of trust on the technical capacity of the volunteers, opening an opportunity to manage and improve it. However, trust is a hard concept to define. The word \'trust\' may carry different meanings, such as honesty, security, integrity, competence, etc. and this is an attribute of the \'suitcase words\'. Adopting the \'suitcase\' perspective would change the way as we define, model, and simulate trust, once people would identify, decode, and simulate many meanings of trust with a single approach. In this scenario, the main objective of our research was to verify the hypotheses 1) that trust is a suitcase word, and 2) that trust can be modeled and simulated under a suitcase word perspective. A network analysis of the Web of Science citation database was able to confirm the hypothesis that trust is a suitcase word, since a distribution analysis of articles showed that trust occurs across a wide range of disciplines, and since co-occurrence maps of keywords showed that trust meanings from these disciplines may be significantly different. To verify the second hypothesis, we proposed a framework to manage trust with three components: 1) a suitcase model to identify different meanings of trust, which is the main purpose of this work, 2) a procedure to detail trust situations in terms of the suitcase model, and 3) a behavioral decision model of confidence, which was required for our simulation, since trust and control play complementary roles in the development of confidence, and consequently, to generate a confident behavior to cooperate. In our suitcase model the decision to trust (or distrust) the trustee depends on the trustors\' general capacity to take risks (= trustfulness) and on the assessment of trustee\'s interests and capacity to behavior as the trustor expects (= trustworthiness). In a practical and workable way, trustworthiness was considered a function of the trustor\'s expectations (expected evidence) and the trustee\'s previous behavior (collected evidence) for each situation. We proposed a formalism to the suitcase model, and then replicated the PlayGround simulator to modify it and incorporate our model. The new simulator, the PlayGround 2.0, was used to run a case study using trust situations from Citizen Science projects. Our main goal with this case study was to test the hypothesis that trust can be simulated under a suitcase perspective. A successful simulation would plot agents in the field reacting differently according to each situation. Results were as expected, what demonstrated the comprehensive utility of our model, with potential to handle different meanings of trust in the context of Citizen Science in the Biodiversity domain. / Trust, que em português não possui uma tradução que reflita a sua complexidade, é um fenômeno fundamental para os relacionamentos e uma peça fundamental da nossa sociedade. Trust é vivenciada diariamente pelas pessoas, seja em um empréstimo entre amigos, em uma transação de comércio eletrônico, na relação entra uma mãe e um filho, na conexão entre agentes autônomos, ou para demonstrar a nossa fé. No caso específico da ciência da Biodiversidade, trust é um dos pilares dos projetos de Ciência Cidadã, que ajudam a resolver a falta de dados de biodiversidade engajando cidadãos para trabalhar como voluntários para solucionar o problema. Medir e simular trust nestes projetos pode revelar ou antecipar perdas, por exemplo, o descarte de dados devido à falta de trust na capacidade técnica dos voluntários, abrindo oportunidades para sua gestão e incentivo. Contudo, trust é um conceito difícil de definir. A palavra pode carregar muitos significados, tais como honestidade, segurança, integridade, competência, etc., e esta é uma característica das suitcase words (palavras-mala). Adotar uma perspectiva de suitcase pode mudar a maneira como definimos, modelamos e simulamos trust, pois as pessoas poderiam identificar, decodificar, e simular vários significados de trust com uma única abordagem. Neste cenário, o objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi verificar as hipóteses de que 1) trust é uma suitcase word e de que 2) trust pode ser modelada e simulada em uma perspectiva de suitcase com potencial para manipulação de diferentes significados. Uma análise de distribuição utilizando o banco de dados Web of Science foi suficiente para confirmar a primeira hipótese de que trust é uma suitcase word, pois uma análise dos seus registros de citações mostrou que trust é estudado por muitas disciplinas da ciência, e além disso, mapas de co-ocorrência de palavraschaves mostraram que os significados de trust nas disciplinas podem ser diferentes. Para verificar a segunda hipótese, nós propusemos um framework com três componentes: 1) um \'modelo suitcase\' para identificar diferentes significados de trust, que é o objetivo principal deste trabalho, 2) um procedimento para detalhar as situações de trust em componentes do modelo suitcase, e 3) um modelo de decisão comportamental sobre confiança, que foi necessário para nossa simulação, uma vez que trust e controle tem papéis complementares no desenvolvimento da confiança, e consequentemente, na exibição de um comportamento de confiança que pode levar à cooperação. No nosso modelo, a decisão de trust o trustee (aquele a quem trust é direcionada) depende da capacidade do trustor (aquele que direciona trust) em aceitar riscos (= trustfulness), e da avaliação do interesse e da capacidade do trustee em agir como o esperado (= trustworthiness). De uma maneira prática, trustworthiness foi considerada como uma função das evidências esperadas e coletadas em cada situação. Nós propusemos um formalismo para o novo modelo, e depois replicamos um simulador chamado PlayGround para depois modificá-lo e incorporar o modelo suitcase. O novo simulador, o PlayGround 2.0, foi utilizado para rodar um estudo de caso utilizando situações comuns em projetos de Citizen Science. Nosso maior objetivo foi testar a hipótese de que trust poderia ser simulada em uma perspectiva de suitcase. Uma simulação bem-sucedida plotaria os agentes em campo reagindo diferentemente de acordo com as situações apresentadas. Os resultados foram como esperados, o que demonstrou a utilidade abrangente do nosso modelo, com potencial para lidar com diferentes significados de trust no contexto dos projetos de Ciência Cidadã para Biodiversidade, ou em outros contextos.

This report summarizes a Bachelor Degree Project in Product Design Engineering, carried out during the spring semester in 2007 by one student on the Product Design Engineering programme at University of Skövde. The project was performed as an assignment for Comfort Cooling AB, a company in Skövde that manufactures cooling clothes and products for medical use. The purpose of the project is to design a suitcase for laptops that is used also as a workstation. It has a cooler system, provided by Comfort Cooling that works with no external energy. It has a base made of foam sheet, to adapt it to the legs of the user. And it has as well all the normal features characteristically of a suitcase for laptops, such as pockets, handles and security features. The first step in the project was to perform market research in order to gather customer needs. It was found that the primary features of a laptop suitcase are that it is waterproof, that it is possible to carry the suitcase on ones back, that there are trays on both sides of the suitcase, and that the suitcase will be available in a range of patterns and colours. After that, the design of the possible solutions for each requirement started to be developed. Once all the requirements of the project were satisfied with different solutions, each one of them were evaluated in order to identify the solutions that in the best way met the stated product requirements. Finally a mock-up was produced for communicating the final design proposal and for enabling basic user trials to be carried out, as well as the final result, i.e. the design and the mock-up of the laptop suitcase. The report portrays the product design process and methods utilized in the project, as well as the final result (the mock up) of the laptop computer bag with integrated cooling effect and workstation.

<p>This report summarizes a Bachelor Degree Project in Product Design Engineering,</p><p>carried out during the spring semester in 2007 by one student on the Product Design</p><p>Engineering programme at University of Skövde. The project was performed as an</p><p>assignment for Comfort Cooling AB, a company in Skövde that manufactures cooling</p><p>clothes and products for medical use.</p><p>The purpose of the project is to design a suitcase for laptops that is used also as a</p><p>workstation. It has a cooler system, provided by Comfort Cooling that works with no</p><p>external energy. It has a base made of foam sheet, to adapt it to the legs of the user. And it</p><p>has as well all the normal features characteristically of a suitcase for laptops, such as</p><p>pockets, handles and security features.</p><p>The first step in the project was to perform market research in order to gather</p><p>customer needs. It was found that the primary features of a laptop suitcase are that it is</p><p>waterproof, that it is possible to carry the suitcase on ones back, that there are trays on both</p><p>sides of the suitcase, and that the suitcase will be available in a range of patterns and</p><p>colours. After that, the design of the possible solutions for each requirement started to be</p><p>developed. Once all the requirements of the project were satisfied with different solutions,</p><p>each one of them were evaluated in order to identify the solutions that in the best way met</p><p>the stated product requirements. Finally a mock-up was produced for communicating the</p><p>final design proposal and for enabling basic user trials to be carried out, as well as the final</p><p>result, i.e. the design and the mock-up of the laptop suitcase.</p><p>The report portrays the product design process and methods utilized in the project,</p><p>as well as the final result (the mock up) of the laptop computer bag with integrated cooling</p><p>effect and workstation.</p>

Aby bylo možné charakterizovat atmosfericky citlivé vzorky ve vysokofrekvenčním elektronovém paramagnetickém rezonančním spektrometru (z angl. high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer, HF-EPR), je potřebné mít vakuový transportní systém. Cílem této práce je navrhnout a vyvinout tento vakuový přepravní systém, který umožní tuto přepravu. Vakuový systém, který se skládá z mobilního vakuového kufru, držáku palety a přechodové komory, byly navrženy, sestaveny a testovány. Bylo dosaženo tlaku 4,3 10^{-10}mbar, což zajistí inertní podmínky pro transport vzorků. Byl proveden transport vzorku ze systému ultravysokého vakua (UHV) do HF-EPR spektrometru. Kontaminace testovacích vzorků byla charakterizována pomocí rentgenové fotoelektronové spektroskopie. Bylo zjištěno, že nedochází téměř k žádné detekovatelné kontaminaci, pokud je vzorek přepravován pomocí vakuovém systému méně než 16 hodin. Bylo navrženo rozšíření pro přepravu vzorků z rukavicového boxu a paletky pro grafen, ale jejich výroba dosud nebyla provedena. Vyvinutý vakuový systém je plně funkční a poskytuje alternativu ke komerčně dostupným produktům, a proto bude dále používán při zkoumání vzorků citlivých na atmosféru v laboratořích CEITEC Nano.

With the advancement of isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques, detection of the pathogenic DNA in clinical samples at point-of-need is no longer a dream. The newly developed recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay incorporated in a suitcase laboratory has shown promising diagnostic efficacy over real-time PCR in detection of leishmania DNA from clinical samples. For broader application of this point-of-need system, we undertook a current multi-country diagnostic evaluation study towards establishing this technique in different endemic settings which would be beneficial for the ongoing elimination programs for leishmaniasis. For this study purpose, clinical samples from confirmed visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) patients were subjected to both real-time PCR and RPA assay in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. Further skin samples from confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients were also included from Sri Lanka. A total of 450 clinical samples from VL patients, 429 from PKDL patients, 47 from CL patients, and 322 from endemic healthy/healthy controls were under investigation to determine the diagnostic efficacy of RPA assay in comparison to real-time PCR. A comparative sensitivity of both methods was found where real-time PCR and RPA assay showed 96.86% (95% CI: 94.45–98.42) and 88.85% (95% CI: 85.08–91.96) sensitivity respectively in the diagnosis of VL cases. This new isothermal method also exhibited promising diagnostic sensitivity (93.50%) for PKDL cases, when a skin sample was used. Due to variation in the sequence of target amplicons, RPA assay showed comparatively lower sensitivity (55.32%) than that of real-time PCR in Sri Lanka for the diagnosis of CL cases. Except for India, the assay presented absolute specificity in the rest of the sites. Excellent concordance between the two molecular methods towards detection of leishmania DNA in clinical samples substantiates the application of RPA assay incorporated in a suitcase laboratory for point-of-need diagnosis of VL and PKDL in low resource endemic settings. However, further improvisation of the method is necessary for diagnosis of CL.

Do the experiences that an immigrant faces in their country of origin affect the political attitudes and behavior when an immigrant is in their country of residence? Although there is a considerable amount of work exploring the political behavior of racial and ethnic minorities, some work on immigrant political behavior, and some work that that connects premigratory experiences with post migration political behavior, there is relatively little work that examines premigratory experiences with autocracy, corruption, and violence and how that affects the political behavior of immigrants. In this project I observe how experiences with corruption, political violence, and conflict has an affect on political trust, political behavior, and social trust among immigrants that have experienced such events.