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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
791

Rubber friction on ice and snow surfaces

Skouvaklis, Gerasimos January 2011 (has links)
The friction of rubber on ice and snow surfaces is complex. Deeper scientific understanding is important for optimising performance of tyres in winter. Rubber, ice and snow systems exhibit frictional behaviour which depends on their material properties. The viscoelastic nature of rubber results in a higher real contact area compared to most other solids. At temperatures close or below the glass transition temperature, the frictional behaviour of rubber changes and its hardness increases. Thus, the real area of contact decreases, while the dissipation in the bulk of the rubber increases. Sliding of rubber on ice or snow leads to a temperature increase at the interface because of frictional heating, this can cause the surface to melt which decreases friction significantly. In this study we measured the friction of rubber on ice and snow and related the behaviour to mechanisms that occur. Key parameters affecting friction were examined and quantified. For this work a cold room and a new linear tribometer were specially designed and constructed. The rubber samples were made from various compounds and had different geometries. Typically they were the size of a “tread block element”. The geometries were chosen systematically to investigate the effects of surface area, sharp/rounded edges and sipes (small slits in the tread block that are used on snow tyres). A significant part of the work was developing consistent and reproducible ice and snow surfaces. New protocols were devised for these. The ice surfaces were made of de-ionised water, tap water and de-ionised water with salt. For the snow surface production: artificial snow was made and then compacted in a specially manufactured press, resulting in hard packed snow tracks for testing. Static and dynamic friction were investigated. Both were affected by speed, load, temperature and ice composition. The dynamic friction behaviour on ice was explained in terms of melt-water formation and the real area of contact of the rubber. The static friction was significantly affected by the losses inside the rubber bulk, the adhesive forces at the interface, and the time of stationary contact before the test. The investigation of rubber sliding on snow showed some similarities with sliding on ice; the surface of the rubber block slides over snow particles resulting in similar mechanisms as are seen on ice. However with snow there can also be a “ploughing” effect, where snow is cut by the leading edge of a sharp tread block. This effect contributes to friction. Experiments were made with simple rounded edged samples to avoid ploughing; the results showed the same trends as seen on ice, i.e. lower friction with increased speed, load and temperature. Investigations of siped tread blocks showed the same friction at low speeds as tread blocks without sipes. At higher speeds siped blocks exhibited less, or no, decrease in friction; more sipes gave less friction decrease. Our industrial collaborator, Michelin, made vehicle tests on snow using whole tyres with similar tread blocks. The trends they found were identical to our tests despite the dynamics of the system being more complex. This indicates how powerful the approach of using simple systematic experiments is for generating deeper understanding of the processes involved in sliding on ice and snow.
792

Optimization and differential geometry for geometric modeling

Liu, Yang, 劉洋 January 2008 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Computer Science / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy
793

The Loop Theorem using hierarchies

Clabes, Kris 2009 August 1900 (has links)
This report will build up the machinery of special hierarchies by discussing normal surfaces and boundary patterns. Then the report will use this construction to prove the Loop Theorem, following closely the proof presented by Marc Lackenby. / text
794

Reconstruction and Rendering of Implicit Surfaces from Large Unorganized Point Sets

Reuter, Patrick 12 December 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Les technologies récentes d'acquisition de données en trois dimensions fournissent un grand nombre de points non-structurés en trois dimension. Il est important de reconstruire une surface continue à partir de ces points non-structurés et de la visualiser. Dans ce document, nous présentons de nouvelles méthodes pour reconstruire des surfaces implicites à partir de grands ensembles de points non-structurés. Ces méthodes mettent en oeuvre des surfaces variationnelles reconstruites localement à partir de fonctions de base radiales, surfaces qui sont combinées entre elles par un mécanisme de partition de l'unité. Afin d'obtenir une visualisation interactive des surfaces générées, nous présentons également des techniques de rendu qui utilisent non seulement la surface implicite reconstruite, mais également l'ensemble de points initial. Une première technique de rendu à base de points s'adapte automatiquement en fonction de la position de l'observateur et de la taille de la fenêtre de visualisation, grâce à une structure hiérarchique à multirésolution, et une deuxième technique de rendu à base de points utilise la géométrie différentielle locale dans chaque point. Enfin, un grand nombre d'applications effectives ou d'applications potentielles des techniques précédentes sont présentées, telles que la construction interactive de textures solides à partir de points non-structurés, la reconstruction altimétrique de terrain en fonction des lignes de niveaux, ou encore la réparation de photographies abîmées.
795

Paramétrisation et reconstruction des surfaces développables à partir d'images

Perriollat, Mathieu 14 November 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Cette thèse traite de la reconstruction 3D de scènes déformables à partir d'images. Nos méthodes s'appuient sur un modèle mathématique de la scène. La reconstruction consiste à estimer les paramètres du modèle grâce aux images. Plus particulièrement, nous nous intéressons aux objets déformables pouvant être représentés par des surfaces développables ou inextensibles. Les surfaces développables sont les surfaces régulières isométriques au plan. Notre première contribution est un modèle génératif de ces surfaces. Il se distingue des modèles existants par sa généralité et par l'expression explicite de la frontière de l'objet. Notre deuxième contribution est un algorithme permettant de reconstruire notre modèle à partir de plusieurs images synchronisées. Notre troisième contribution est une méthode de reconstruction des surfaces inextensibles. Elle exploite les contraintes liant les points de la surface pour trouver la surface 3D à partir d'une seule image et d'une déformation de référence.
796

Familles à un paramètre de surfaces en genre 2

Rodriguez, Olivier 08 December 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Cette thèse porte sur certaines familles à un paramètre de surfaces de Riemann compactes de genre 2 définies par des surfaces de translation. Les familles que nous considérons constituent des géodésiques de Teichmüller dans l'espace des modules. Nous nous attachons en particulier à décrire ces surfaces par leurs matrices des périodes et par les équations des courbes algébriques associées. Nous étudions notamment les automorphismes admissibles par les surfaces qui sont des courbes réelles à trois composantes réelles dans ces familles. Le principal résultat consiste en une caractérisation explicite des matrices des périodes des courbes réelles à trois composantes réelles appartenant à la famille obtenue par projection dans l'espace des modules de la SL(2,R)-orbite de la surface de translation en "L" pavée par trois carreaux. Nous montrons enfin, grâce à une interprétation en termes de transformations de Schwarz-Christoffel, comment calculer numériquement une équation de la courbe algébrique définie par une surface de translation en "L".
797

L'application cotangente des surfaces de type général

Roulleau, Xavier 16 November 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Cette thèse est une étude les surfaces de type général dont le fibré cotangent est engendré par ses sections globales et d'irrégularité \( q \) supérieure au égale à \( 4 \). \\ L'application cotangente est l'objet et le moyen de cet étude. C'est un morphisme du projectivisé du fibré tangent dans l'espace projectif de dimension \( q-1 \). Nous étudions l'image ce morphisme et son degré. Le fibré cotangent de la surface est ample si et seulement si il n'existe pas de fibres de l'application cotangente de dimension strictement positive. \\ Si le fibré cotangent n'est pas ample, alors il existe une courbe \( C \) contenue dans la surface et il existe une section de \( C \) dans le projectivisé du fibré tangent qui est contractée en un point par l'application cotangente. Une telle courbe \( C \) est qualifiée de courbe non-ample.\\ Nous donnons une classification des courbes non-amples suivant leur auto-intersection. {\selectlanguage{english}}Nous donnons ensuite une classification (partielle) des surfaces possédant une infinité de courbes non-amples. {\selectlanguage{english}} Un exemple pour lequel l'application cotangente intervient naturellement est celui des surfaces de Fano. Nous étudions le diviseur de ramification de leur application cotangente ainsi que leurs courbes non-amples. \\ Cette étude nous mène à la surface de Fano de la cubique de Fermat qui possède \( 30 \) courbes non-amples et dont nous détaillons les propriétés.
798

Waveguide Surface Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Spectroscopy and optical second harmonic generation spectroscopy of molecules adsorbed on metal oxide surfaces.

Wijekoon, Wijekoon Mudiyanselage Kapila Piyasena January 1988 (has links)
This dissertation reports the application of nonlinear optical effects for the investigation of vibrational and electronic spectroscopy of molecules adsorbed on thin film metal oxide surfaces and metal oxide surfaces. The main emphasis of the experiments cited here is to introduce the recently developed multi-photon technique, Waveguide Surface Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Spectroscopy (WSCARS), to the scientific community. Planar optical waveguides have been utilized to generate large optical field enhancements on metal oxide surfaces. Guided waves have been employed to obtain the surface coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectra of pyridine, phenol, benzene, methanol, CD₃OD, 2,4-pentadione, oxygen, ammonia and ND₃ adsorbed onto a ZnO (0001) surface. Vibrational spectra of transient species (O₂⁻) adsorbed on ZnO (0001) surface are also presented. Furthermore, the WSCARS has been used to monitor catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene adsorbed on ZnO (0001) surface. The WSCARS technique is compared with the other vibrational surface probes. Future directions and limitations of the technique are also discussed. Electronic spectra of surface bound species have been examined by resonantly enhanced surface second harmonic generation (SSHG). SHG spectra of trans-cinnamic acid adsorbed on optically cleaned fused silica have been obtained at room temperature and at 4 K. Surface second harmonic generation has been applied to study the adsorption of water and acetone onto thermally grown silicon dioxide/silicon surface. SSHG has been successfully applied to monitor photo-oxidation and photo-reduction of a rutile (110) surface. Experiments are described, data are presented, and surface-adsorbate binding modes are discussed.
799

Nonexistence of Rational Points on Certain Varieties

Nguyen, Dong Quan Ngoc January 2012 (has links)
In this thesis, we study the Hasse principle for curves and K3 surfaces. We give several sufficient conditions under which the Brauer-Manin obstruction is the only obstruction to the Hasse principle for curves and K3 surfaces. Using these sufficient conditions, we construct several infinite families of curves and K3 surfaces such that these families are counterexamples to the Hasse principle that are explained by the Brauer-Manin obstruction.
800

Modeling Time-Dependent Performance of Submerged Superhydrophobic or Slippery Surfaces

Hemeda, Ahmed A 01 January 2016 (has links)
The goal of this study is to quantify the transient performance of microfabricated superhydrophobic surfaces when used in underwater applications. A mathematical framework is developed and used to predict the stability, longevity, and drag reduction benefits of submerged superhydrophobic surfaces with two- or three-dimensional micro-textures. In addition, a novel design is proposed to improve the drag-reduction benefits of lubricant-infused surfaces, by placing a layer of trapped air underneath the lubricant layer. The new design is referred to as lubricant–infused surfaces with trapped air, and it is designed to eliminate the long-lasting longevity problem of submerged superhydrophobic surfaces. The effectiveness of liquid-infused surface with trapped air design was examined via numerical simulation, and it was found to outperform its liquid-infused surface counterpart by about 37%.

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