Morrison has constructed a geometric relationship between K3 surfaces with large Picard number and abelian surfaces. In particular, this establishes that the period spaces of certain families of lattice polarized K3 surfaces (which are closely related to the moduli spaces of lattice polarized K3 surfaces) and lattice polarized abelian surfaces are identical. Therefore, we may study the moduli spaces of such K3 surfaces via the period spaces of abelian surfaces. In this thesis, we will answer the following question: from the moduli space of abelian surfaces with endomorphism structure (either a Shimura curve or a Hilbert modular surface), there is a natural map into the moduli space of abelian surfaces, and hence into the period space of abelian surfaces. What sort of relationship exists between the moduli spaces of abelian surfaces with endomorphism structure and the moduli space of lattice polarized K3 surfaces? We will show that in many cases, the endomorphism ring of an abelian surface is just a subring of the Clifford algebra associated to the N\'eron-Severi lattice of the abelian surface. Furthermore, we establish a precise relationship between the moduli spaces of rank 18 polarized K3 surfaces and Hilbert modular surfaces, and between the moduli spaces of rank 19 polarized K3 surfaces and Shimura curves. Finally, we will calculate the moduli space of E_8^2 + <4>-polarized K3 surfaces as a family of elliptic K3 surfaces in Weierstrass form and use this new family to find families of rank 18 and 19 polarized K3 surfaces which are related to abelian surfaces with real multiplication or quaternionic multipliction via the Shioda-Inose construction. / Thesis (Master, Mathematics & Statistics) -- Queen's University, 2011-08-12 14:38:04.131

This work is concerned with computing the invariant lattices of purely non-symplectic automorphisms of special elliptic K3 surfaces. Brandhorst gave a collection of K3 surfaces admitting purely non-symplectic automorphisms that are uniquely determined up to isomorphism by certain invariants. For many of these surfaces, the automorphism is also unique or the automorphism group of the surface is finite and with a nice isomorphism class. Understanding the invariant lattices of these automorphisms and surfaces is interesting because of these uniqueness properties and because it is possible to give explicit generators for the Picard and invariant lattices. We use the methods given by Comparin, Priddis and Sarti to describe the Picard lattice in terms of certain special curves from the elliptic fibration of the surface. We use symmetries of the Picard lattice and fixed-point theory to compute the invariant lattices explicitly. This is done for all of Brandhorst's elliptic K3 surfaces having trivial Mordell-Weil group.

In this thesis, we study the Hasse principle for curves and K3 surfaces. We give several sufficient conditions under which the Brauer-Manin obstruction is the only obstruction to the Hasse principle for curves and K3 surfaces. Using these sufficient conditions, we construct several infinite families of curves and K3 surfaces such that these families are counterexamples to the Hasse principle that are explained by the Brauer-Manin obstruction.

In [Bri07], Bridgeland introduced the notion of stability conditions on the bounded derived category D(X) of coherent sheaves on an algebraic variety X. This topic is originally inspired by concepts in string theory and mathematical physics and has many interesting applications in algebraic geometry. In the first part of the thesis, we provide a direct proof of an important result in [Bri08, BMS16] which states there is a two dimensional family of weak Bridgeland stability conditions on the bounded derived category D(X) of coherent sheaves on a variety X. As a first application of this result, we prove an effective restriction theorem which provides sufficient conditions on a stable locally free sheaf on a projective variety such that its restriction to a hypersurface remains stable. Secondly, we extend and complete Mukai's program to reconstruct a K3 surface from a curve on that surface. We show that the K3 surface containing the curve can be obtained uniquely as a Fourier-Mukai partner of a suitable Brill-Noether locus of vector bundles on the curve.

In this paper, we study sections of a Calabi-Yau threefold fibered over a curve by K3 surfaces. We show that there exist infinitely many isolated sections on certain K3 fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds and the subgroup of the N´eron-Severi group generated by these sections is not finitely generated. This also gives examples of K3 surfaces over the function field F of a complex curve with Zariski dense F-rational points, whose geometric models are Calabi-Yau. Furthermore, we also generalize our results to the cases of families of higher dimensional Calabi-Yau varieties with Calabi-Yau ambient spaces.

Un automorphisme non-symplectique d'ordre fini n sur une surface X de type K3 est un automorphisme σ ∈ Aut(X) qui satisfait σ*(ω) = λω où λ est une racine primitive n-ième de l'unité et ω est le générateur de H2,0(X). Dans cette thèse on s’intéresse aux automorphismes non-symplectiques d'ordre 8 et 16 sur les surfaces K3. Dans un premier temps, nous classifionsles automorphismes non-symplectiques σ d'ordre 8 quand le lieu fixe de sa quatrième puissance σ⁴ contient une courbe de genre positif, on montre plus précisément que le genre de la courbe fixée par σ est au plus un. Ensuite nous étudions le cas où le lieu fixe de σ contient au moins une courbe et toutes les courbes fixées par sa quatrième puissance σ⁴ sont rationnelles. Enfin nous étudions le cas où σ et son carré σ² agissent trivialement sur le groupe de Néron-Severi. Nous classifions toutes les possibilités pour le lieu fixe de σ et de son carré σ² dans ces trois cas. Nous obtenons la classification complète pour les automorphismes non-symplectiques d'ordre 8 sur les surfaces K3. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous classifions les surfaces K3 avec automorphisme non-symplectique d'ordre 16 en toute généralité. Nous montrons que le lieu fixe contient seulement courbes rationnelles et points isolés et nous classifions complètement les sept configurations possibles. Si le groupe de Néron-Severi a rang 6, alors il y a deux possibilités et si son rang est 14, il y a cinq possibilités. En particulier si l'action de l'automorphisme est trivial sur le groupe de Néron-Severi, alors nous montrons que son rang est six. Enfin, nous construisons des exemples qui correspondent à plusieurs cas dans la classification des automorphismes non-symplectiques d'ordre 8 et nous donnons des exemples pour chaque cas dans la classification des automorphismes non-symplectiques d'ordre 16. / A non-symplectic automorphism of finite order n on a K3 surface X is an automorphism σ ∈ Aut(X) that satisfies σ*(ω) = λω where λ is a primitive n−root of the unity and ω is a generator of H2,0(X). In this thesis we study the non-symplectic automorphisms of order 8 and 16 on K3 surfaces. First we classify the non-symplectic automorphisms σ of order eight when the fixed locus of its fourth power σ⁴ contains a curve of positive genus, we show more precisely that the genus of the fixed curve by σ is at most one. Then we study the case of the fixed locus of σ that contains at least a curve and all the curves fixed by its fourth power σ⁴ are rational. Finally we study the case when σ and its square σ² act trivially on the Néron-Severi group. We classify all the possibilities for the fixed locus of σ and σ² in these three cases. We obtain a complete classifiction for the non-symplectic automorphisms of order 8 on a K3 surfaces.In the second part of the thesis, we classify K3 surfaces with non-symplectic automorphism of order 16 in full generality. We show that the fixed locus contains only rational curves and isolated points and we completely classify the seven possible configurations. If the Néron-Severi group has rank 6, there are two possibilities and if its rank is 14, there are five possibilities. In particular ifthe action of the automorphism is trivial on the Néron-Severi group, then we show that its rank is six.Finally, we construct several examples corresponding to several cases in the classification of the non-symplectic automorphisms of order 8 and we give an example for each case in the classification of the non-symplectic automorphisms of order 16.

Thesis advisor: Maksym Fedorchuk / A general smooth curve of genus six lies on a quintic del Pezzo surface. In [AK11], Artebani and Kondō construct a birational period map for genus six curves by taking ramified double covers of del Pezzo surfaces. The map is not defined for special genus six curves. In this dissertation, we construct a smooth Deligne-Mumford stack P₀ parametrizing certain stable surface-curve pairs which essentially resolves this map. Moreover, we give an explicit description of pairs in P₀ containing special curves. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Mathematics.

Cette thèse a pour objet l'étude de quelques propriétés arithmétiques et géométriques des variétés de Shimura orthogonales. Ces variétés apparaissent naturellement comme espaces de modules de structures de Hodge de type K3. Dans certains cas, elles paramètrent des objets géométriques tels que les surfaces K3 et leurs analogues en dimensions supérieures, les variétés hyperkähleriennes. Ce point de vue modulaire sera notre fil conducteur tout au long de ce mémoire. Ainsi, dans la première partie, on démontre un résultat d'équirépartition du lieu de Hodge dans les variations de structures de Hodge de type K3 au dessus d'une courbe complexe quasi-projective. Dans la deuxième partie, on étudie des analogues arithmétiques du résultat précédent. Un exemple d'énoncés qu'on obtient est le suivant: étant donnée une surface K3 définie sur un corps de nombres et ayant partout bonne réduction, alors sous certaine hypothèse d'approximation, il existe une spécialisation telle que le nombre de Picard géométrique croît strictement. Dans la troisième partie, on relie les problèmes du saut de nombre de Picard dans les familles de surfaces K3 à la question de construction de courbes rationnelles sur ces surfaces. Enfin, on étend un résultat de Bogomolov et Tschinkel. On montre notamment que toute surface K3 définie sur un corps algébriquement clos de caractéristique quelconque et admettant une fibration elliptique non-isotriviale contient une infinité de courbes rationnelles. / This thesis deals with some arithmetical and geometrical aspects of orthogonal Shimura varieties. These varieties appear naturally as moduli spaces of Hodge structures of K3 type. In some cases, they parametrize geometric objects as K3 surfaces and their analogous in higher dimensions, the hyperkähler varieties. This modular point of view will be our guiding principle throughout this dissertation. In the first part, we prove an equidistribution result of the Hodge locus in variations of Hodge structures of K3 type above complex quasi-projective curves. In the second part, we study analogous results in the arithemtic setting. An example of statements we get is the following: given a K3 surface having everywhere good reduction and satisfying an approximation hypothesis, there exists a specialization with strictly increasing geometric Picard rank. In both cases, our methods take advantage of the rich arithmetic, automorphic and geometric structure of orthogonal Shimura varieties as well as the Kuga-Satake construction that links them to moduli spaces of abelian varieties. Finally, we extend a result of Bogomolov and Tschinkel. In particular, we show that any K3 surface defined over an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic and admitting a non-isotrivial elliptic fibration contains infinitely many rational curves.

This thesis analyses the singularities of toroidal compactifications. Motivated by a result of Shepherd-Barron about the first Voronoi compactification of the moduli space of principally polarised abelian varieties, the object taken into consideration consists of the perfect cone (also known as first Voroni) compactification of arithmetic quotients of type IV domains. These are of importance in the context of algebraic geometry because they are used to construct moduli spaces of polarised K3 surfaces and are strongly related to moduli spaces of hyperkähler varieties of higher dimension. The local analysis of singularities of a toroidal compactification reduces to that of finite quotients of toric varieties. The main result of this thesis gives a description of the singularities of the perfect cone compactification of the moduli space of pseudo-polarised K3 surfaces of square-free degree.

K3 surfaces have garnered attention across various fields, from optics and dynamics to high energy physics, making them a subject of extensive study for many decades. Recent work by mathematicians, including Brandhorst [1], has focused on non-symplectic automorphisms, aiming to categorize K3 surfaces that admit such automorphisms. Brandhorst made a list of unique K3 surfaces with purely non-symplectic automorphisms and established specific criteria for a K3 surface to be isomorphic to one on his list. This thesis aims to provide an alternative representation of select K3 surfaces from Brandhorst's list. While Brandhorst predominantly characterizes these surfaces as elliptic K3 surfaces, we offer a description of these surfaces as hypersurfaces in weighted projective space. Our approach involves verifying the criteria established by Brandhorst, thereby establishing an isomorphism between the surfaces in question. Through this study, we contribute to the understanding of K3 surfaces and their automorphisms while also demonstrating the correspondence between different spaces and methodologies for analyzing K3 surfaces. This work lays the groundwork for further investigations into K3 surfaces with purely non-symplectic automorphisms, paving the way for deeper insights into their structural properties and geometric intricacies.