A pesquisa relatada nesta dissertação procura demonstrar como um modelo microscópico de simulação pode ser usado para produzir dados para a quantificação de medidas de desempenho relacionadas ao transporte sustentável, de tal forma que seja possível incorporar a contribuição individual de cada veículo que viaja pela rede em cada medida de desempenho utilizada. Para tanto, é apresentado um estudo de caso no corredor Anhangüera-Bandeirantes, entre São Paulo e Jundiaí, onde foram propostas quatro estratégias operacionais hipotéticas para ilustrar como o índice de sustentabilidade pode ser utilizado na tomada de decisões na área de transportes. O modelo de simulação de tráfego utilizado foi o Integration que teve seus parâmetros de entrada recalibrados a partir dos fluxos obtidos dos laços indutivos instalados ao longo do corredor estudado. As matrizes O/D utilizadas nas simulações foram estimadas através do QueensOD e as medidas de desempenho constituintes do índice de sustentabilidade proposto foram : a taxa de viagem, o consumo de combustível e as emissões de HC, CO e \'NO IND. X\'. / The objectives of the research reported in this masters dissertation was to demonstrate how a microsimulation model outputs can be used to quantify performance measures related to sustainable transportation, in a way such that each individual vehicle contribution is accounted for in the calculation of the performance measures. A case study, focusing the São Paulo to Jundiaí segment of the Anhanguera-Bandeirantes highway corridor, was used to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach. Four hypothetical operational strategies were compared to illustrate how the proposed sustainability index might be used in decision making. The Integration model was used to simulate the highway corridor. The microsimulation model was calibrated using data from the inductive loops installed along the studied section and the synthetic O/D matrices were estimated by means of the QueensOD model, from traffic counts. The sustainability index used included the following performance measures : travel rate, fuel consumption and HC, CO e \'NO IND. X\' emissions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T18:20:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NASCIMENTO, Jackgrace Dutra.pdf: 6230677 bytes, checksum: 46e9e564468fb8691f712ad1805e9b5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-20 / FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA E AO DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOLÓGICO DO MARANHÃO / A hydrographic basin is a complex environmental system, resulting from the interrelations between the physical-natural and socioeconomic subsystems. It s identity as the unifying of environmental processes and human interference is leading to its adoption as a research unit. It allows from the analysis of the physical-chemical, biological and socioeconomic factors the evaluation of the quality and sustainability of the environment. This works aim is the composition of an Index of Sustainable Use of Water (ISW) which may subsidize the adoption of public policies towards sustainable use of water resources. For the construction of the ISW were analyzed two dimensions: the ecological one and socioeconomical one. Physico-chemical indicators (pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrate and phosphate), biological indicators (phytoplankton) and the index of environmental preservation (EP) were used to analyze the Ecological Dimension (ED); to analyze the Socioeconomic Dimension (DS) were used as indicators income, education and sanitation. This way was generated an index for the five sub-basins of the Bacanga river basin and the basin as a whole. Past data published by Martins (2008) and Costa (2008) were used for the physico-chemical and biological indicators. The results of applying the ISW are lined not only on the proposal of a tool in assessing the sustainability of the Bacanga river basin, but also on the ability to identify the main responsible for the advances and setbacks in the quest for sustainability. The 5 ((Jambeiro) sub-basins studied had significant impairment of sustainability. The lowest index, 0.29 was found for the sub-basin 5, revealing a weak sustainability. The sub-basins 3 (Mamão) and 4 (Gapara) both had the value of 0.36, demonstrating a committed environmental quality of these environments. Only the subbasins 1 (Barragem) and 2 (Bicas) had a higher rate compared to the others with 0.43 and 0.42 respectively. These sub-basins despite having an older population growth and therefore a greater impacted area, has good services like water supply and provision of schools. The ISW for the Bacanga river basin was 0.37 indicating it as a polluted environment. Thus the assessment of environmental quality of the Bacanga river basin reveals the consequences of a mode of urbanization governed by private economic interests over the welfare of the community, a process that creates and reinforces social inequality and exclusion (which is reflected in sociospatial segregation and vulnerabilities differentiated to natural hazards) and degrades the physical nature. As complementary and opposite sides of this form of urbanization the basin shows on one side the saturation of the carrying capacity of the physical-natural subsystem in areas in which it promotes urban occupation, a situation caused mainly by high soil sealing and high population density, on the other hand, it appears that the areas of greatest natural vulnerability tend to be occupied by the socially excluded and most vulnerable to environmental risks, feeding a dynamic in which lower quality of life and low environmental quality are mutually reinforced. As mitigation measures to modify this reality one can measure the local economic development with its generating jobs and income, the digital divide with the deployment of telecentres , the articulation of social protection network (family register), the expansion and improvement in services water supply, garbage collection and sewage treatment as well as urban drainage, rehabilitation of the sewage plant (ETA) of Batatã, the recovery of the Bacanga dam to regulate the water flow, preventing flooding, the relocation of residents in the areas of risk, the respect to the limits of the Bacanga State Park and the adopting of solutions that contribute to the recovery and preservation of protected areas and environmental interest. ISW has proved to be an appropriate tool to support decision makers and policy makers in the process of building more sustainable ways to the society. / A hydrographic basin is a complex environmental system, resulting from the interrelations between the physical-natural and socioeconomic subsystems. It s identity as the unifying of environmental processes and human interference is leading to its adoption as a research unit. It allows from the analysis of the physical-chemical, biological and socioeconomic factors the evaluation of the quality and sustainability of the environment. This works aim is the composition of an Index of Sustainable Use of Water (ISW) which may subsidize the adoption of public policies towards sustainable use of water resources. For the construction of the ISW were analyzed two dimensions: the ecological one and socioeconomical one. Physico-chemical indicators (pH, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrate and phosphate), biological indicators (phytoplankton) and the index of environmental preservation (EP) were used to analyze the Ecological Dimension (ED); to analyze the Socioeconomic Dimension (DS) were used as indicators income, education and sanitation. This way was generated an index for the five sub-basins of the Bacanga river basin and the basin as a whole. Past data published by Martins (2008) and Costa (2008) were used for the physico-chemical and biological indicators. The results of applying the ISW are lined not only on the proposal of a tool in assessing the sustainability of the Bacanga river basin, but also on the ability to identify the main responsible for the advances and setbacks in the quest for sustainability. The 5 ((Jambeiro) sub-basins studied had significant impairment of sustainability. The lowest index, 0.29 was found for the sub-basin 5, revealing a weak sustainability. The sub-basins 3 (Mamão) and 4 (Gapara) both had the value of 0.36, demonstrating a committed environmental quality of these environments. Only the subbasins 1 (Barragem) and 2 (Bicas) had a higher rate compared to the others with 0.43 and 0.42 respectively. These sub-basins despite having an older population growth and therefore a greater impacted area, has good services like water supply and provision of schools. The ISW for the Bacanga river basin was 0.37 indicating it as a polluted environment. Thus the assessment of environmental quality of the Bacanga river basin reveals the consequences of a mode of urbanization governed by private economic interests over the welfare of the community, a process that creates and reinforces social inequality and exclusion (which is reflected in sociospatial segregation and vulnerabilities differentiated to natural hazards) and degrades the physical nature. As complementary and opposite sides of this form of urbanization the basin shows on one side the saturation of the carrying capacity of the physical-natural subsystem in areas in which it promotes urban occupation, a situation caused mainly by high soil sealing and high population density, on the other hand, it appears that the areas of greatest natural vulnerability tend to be occupied by the socially excluded and most vulnerable to environmental risks, feeding a dynamic in which lower quality of life and low environmental quality are mutually reinforced. As mitigation measures to modify this reality one can measure the local economic development with its generating jobs and income, the digital divide with the deployment of telecentres , the articulation of social protection network (family register), the expansion and improvement in services water supply, garbage collection and sewage treatment as well as urban drainage, rehabilitation of the sewage plant (ETA) of Batatã, the recovery of the Bacanga dam to regulate the water flow, preventing flooding, the relocation of residents in the areas of risk, the respect to the limits of the Bacanga State Park and the adopting of solutions that contribute to the recovery and preservation of protected areas and environmental interest. ISW has proved to be an appropriate tool to support decision makers and policy makers in the process of building more sustainable ways to the society.

A pesquisa relatada nesta dissertação procura demonstrar como um modelo microscópico de simulação pode ser usado para produzir dados para a quantificação de medidas de desempenho relacionadas ao transporte sustentável, de tal forma que seja possível incorporar a contribuição individual de cada veículo que viaja pela rede em cada medida de desempenho utilizada. Para tanto, é apresentado um estudo de caso no corredor Anhangüera-Bandeirantes, entre São Paulo e Jundiaí, onde foram propostas quatro estratégias operacionais hipotéticas para ilustrar como o índice de sustentabilidade pode ser utilizado na tomada de decisões na área de transportes. O modelo de simulação de tráfego utilizado foi o Integration que teve seus parâmetros de entrada recalibrados a partir dos fluxos obtidos dos laços indutivos instalados ao longo do corredor estudado. As matrizes O/D utilizadas nas simulações foram estimadas através do QueensOD e as medidas de desempenho constituintes do índice de sustentabilidade proposto foram : a taxa de viagem, o consumo de combustível e as emissões de HC, CO e \'NO IND. X\'. / The objectives of the research reported in this masters dissertation was to demonstrate how a microsimulation model outputs can be used to quantify performance measures related to sustainable transportation, in a way such that each individual vehicle contribution is accounted for in the calculation of the performance measures. A case study, focusing the São Paulo to Jundiaí segment of the Anhanguera-Bandeirantes highway corridor, was used to demonstrate the application of the proposed approach. Four hypothetical operational strategies were compared to illustrate how the proposed sustainability index might be used in decision making. The Integration model was used to simulate the highway corridor. The microsimulation model was calibrated using data from the inductive loops installed along the studied section and the synthetic O/D matrices were estimated by means of the QueensOD model, from traffic counts. The sustainability index used included the following performance measures : travel rate, fuel consumption and HC, CO e \'NO IND. X\' emissions.

企業社會責任的實踐，已然成為當前企業經營的「顯學」，企業以永續經營為思考主軸，是企業經營時不能漠視的動力。同時，評量企業社會責任實踐績效的機制也應運而生。雖然還沒有一套評量方式可以放諸四海皆準，但是企業社會績效與企業財務績效的正向關聯，日益獲得國際社會的認同，追求企業永續經營的永續性指數量化指標，則成為檢視企業社會責任執行效益的評分卡。 本文以道瓊永續性指數(DJSI)成份股的評選機制，做為檢核企業社會責任實踐成果的工具，並以宏碁公司為探討個案，以價值鏈模式，分析宏碁從事企業社會責任的驅動原因，並進一步以道瓊永續性指數成份股的入選評量準則，探究宏碁企業社會責任的實踐現狀與該準則間之落差，繼而提出改善建議。期望有助於宏碁及台灣其他有志於入列道瓊永續性指數之企業，強化其企業社會責任的實踐績效。 / The notion of ``Corporate Social Responsibility`` (CSR) has come to fall into place as a driver to sustain any companies' growth. While there have been lacking well recognized criteria to assess performance of companies that put CSR into actions, it has been found that their associated financial performance frequently signals the efforts. As a result, whether to be able to be listed in publicly accessible financial sustainability indexes provides a convenient yardstick for the companies enforcing the notion. In this study, given a goal to be a component in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DJSI), we evaluate in depth why Acer, an international brand personal computer company, has been motivated to assume the CSR as well as pursue the goal. The value-chain model is applied to gauge the strength and weakness in managements presently facing Acer. Serving other Taiwanese companies equally well, our analyses contribute to identify various dimensions in the value chain on which the company could make good improvements.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:42:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Bomfa Caldas.pdf: 999815 bytes, checksum: 803484eb34dbeaef14dc9cdd19bd5639 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-17 / The Corporate Governance, which is a manner of overcoming the agency conflict, demands, among its principles, that the organization adopt a structure that protects the rights of the stockholders, and assure disclosure and transparency of relevant facts and their accounting demonstrations. In Brazil, in 2000, BM&FBOVESPA created differentiated levels of Corporate Governance, in order to stimulate the interest of investors, and the appreciation of companies that may voluntarily join one of the segments. Along with the preoccupation with the good practices of governance, there is another highly important and worrying issue, which refers to sustainability. More and more the investor seek companies that work under the principles of Triple Bottom Line, which involves elements of the environmental, social and economic fields, as a safety measure for their investments. In 2005, BM&FBOVESPA created the Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE), as a reference to the good practices of sustainability and commitment between the companies and the corporate sustainability. In this context, the following study aims to verify whether there are differences between the average of the monthly returns, in the period of five years, before and after, the company became involved in Corporate Governance and the Corporate Sustainability Index. The method used to test the hypothesis of the three selected samples was the Paired-Samples T Test, with the software SPSS, version 18.0. The results obtained show that in the case of the samples of ISE (p= 0,006 < 0,05) and CG_ISE (p= 0,030 < 0,05), the null hypothesis is discarded, once there is a significant difference between the average of the monthly returns, and in the case of the samples of CG (p= 0,081 > 0,05), the null hypothesis is not discarded, once there is no significant difference between the averages. Analyzing the values of the averages, it is possible to notice that most of them decrease on the second moment of the analysis. However, it is not possible to generalize by stating that the Corporate Governance and the Corporate Sustainability Index do not add value to the company and its stockholders. That happens because the economic moment coincides with the subprime mortgage crisis, which affected the major stock Exchange in the world, and strongly influenced the BM&FBOVESPA stock, especially in 2008. / A Governança Corporativa, que surge com uma superação ao conflito de agência, exige dentre seus princípios que as organizações adotem uma estrutura que proteja os direitos dos acionistas e assegure a divulgação e a transparência de fatos relevantes e suas demonstrações contábeis. No Brasil, em 2000, a BM&FBOVESPA criou níveis diferenciados de Governança Corporativa a fim de estimular o interesse de investidores e auxiliar na valorização das empresas que podem aderir voluntariamente a um dos segmentos. Juntamente à preocupação quanto às boas práticas de governança, existe outra questão altamente importante e preocupante que se refere à sustentabilidade. Cada vez mais investidores buscam empresas que atuam sob os princípios do Triple Bottom Line, o qual abrange elementos das esferas ambientais, sociais e econômicas, como uma forma de segurança para seus investimentos. Em 2005, foi criado o Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE), pela BM&FBOVESPA, como uma referência nas boas práticas de sustentabilidade e comprometimento das empresas com a sustentabilidade empresarial. Neste contexto, este estudo visa verificar se existem diferenças entre as médias dos retornos mensais das ações, no período de cinco anos antes e após a sua adesão à Governança Corporativa e ao Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial. O método utilizado para testar as hipóteses das três amostras selecionadas foi o Paired-Samples T Test, por meio do software SPSS, versão 18.0. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que, no caso das amostras do ISE (p= 0,006 < 0,05) e GC_ISE (p= 0,030 < 0,05) a hipótese nula é rejeitada, pois existe diferença significativa entre as médias dos retornos mensais e no caso da amostra de GC (p= 0,081 > 0,05) a hipótese nula não é rejeitada, pois não existe diferença significativa entre estas médias. Analisando os valores das médias é possível perceber que a maioria delas sofre queda no segundo momento de análise, apesar disso não é possível generalizar afirmando que a Governança Corporativa e o Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial não agregam valor às empresas e aos acionistas. Isto porque o momento econômico analisado coincide com a crise financeira do subprime, que atingiu as principais bolsas de valores do mundo e influenciou fortemente as ações na BM&FBovespa, principalmente em 2008.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:42:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Emerson Bisco.pdf: 620167 bytes, checksum: 08345171ebc2f0d18daa146b809ff88d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-30 / Com o crescente aumento da cultura de proteção ambiental, o tema sustentabilidade vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço na vida das pessoas e principalmente na rotina das organizações. Existem algumas correntes teóricas propondo que para existir uma perenidade das organizações, estas devem incorporar em seu plano estratégico, todos os elementos que permitam um equilíbrio nas relações com os stakeholders. Já outras linhas teóricas, defendem que as empresas devem focar todos seus esforços para atender os acionistas (shareholders), maximizando os lucros e agregando valor. Neste contexto, alguns índices de sustentabilidade foram surgindo mundo afora, visando combinar com a já presente visão de resultados financeiros das organizações, também o alcance do bem estar para a sociedade e proteção do meio ambiente. No Brasil, em Novembro de 2005, foi lançando o ISE Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial, que foi desenvolvido para uma gama de empresas que apresentam boas práticas de sustentabilidade. Surge, então, o questionamento se a adoção das práticas de sustentabilidade pode de alguma forma, proporcionar melhor desempenho financeiro para as organizações que as adotam, pois de acordo com a teoria dos stakeholders, as instituições que conseguem atender as necessidades das partes interessadas têm seu valor maximizado ao longo do tempo. Com relação a isto, este presente estudo procura averiguar se as empresas que estão listadas no ISE, excluindo as empresas do setor de materiais básicos, utilidade pública, e financeiro, do período de 2006 a 2008, desenvolveram desempenho financeiro superior às outras empresas que não fazem parte do índice no mesmo período. Foram selecionados dados secundários, utilizando a base de dados da Economática, criando dois grupos para comparação, onde um grupo consta de empresas que estão exclusivamente listadas no ISE, consideradas sustentáveis e outro grupo de empresas, formado por empresas listadas no IBOVESPA e que não participaram do ISE. Tomando o Q de Tobin como a variável dependente e índices de Tamanho da Empresa, Distribuição de Dividendos, Debt to Equity, ROA, Crescimento de Vendas, Crescimento dos Investimentos, Diversificação de Mercado, Endividamento como variáveis independentes, foram aplicados testes estatísticos comparando as médias dos índices, seguido do teste t de student, e regressões de dados em painel pooled, fixed e random effects para encontrar a possível correlação entre sustentabilidade e valor da empresa. Os resultados encontrados apontam uma relação entre sustentabilidade empresarial e desempenho financeiro.(AU)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:43:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OSWALDO MARTINS DOS SANTOS FILHO.pdf: 643395 bytes, checksum: 20f73829884ddfb8b0b840e0a8f5c114 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-06 / Due to the necessity of insertion of sustainable development politics within the context of organizations, companies invest in resources expecting that the adoption of these actions may bring strategic and economical benefits, reflected in the image of the organization as well as in its valorization in the market. In this setting, Sustainability Indexes were created in a global scale, and these indexes, in general, evaluate several dimensions of the organization relations with society, environment and with the suppliers of capital to companies. In Brazil, specifically in 2005, the created the Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE) to gather the shares of companies that incorporate in their business objectives, social responsibility as well as company sustainability. Due to what was mentioned above, this paper has the objective of verifying what is the impact in the actions of the sample from 43 companies before the entrance and the exit of CSI funds. The methodology of event study aimed identifies the abnormal returns after the divulgence of the CSI funds, from the editions 2005 to 2009, according to the search, the risk-adjusted return and the market-adjusted return were used. The financial data, before and after the event, were extracted from the data base of São Paulo Stock Market. The results demonstrated the positive relation among the participation of some companies in the portfolios of the ISE and the financial performance of their share value. Moreover, the results showed that the necessary investments in sustainable development did not result in loss, once it could be noticed the predominance of positive abnormal returns in all situations analyzed in this paper. / Diante da necessidade de inserção de políticas de desenvolvimento sustentável dentro do contexto das organizações, as empresas investem em recursos esperando que a adoção dessas práticas possa trazer benefícios econômicos e estratégicos, refletidos na imagem da organização e na sua valorização no mercado. Neste cenário, Índices de Sustentabilidade foram criados em escala global, e estes índices em geral, avaliam várias dimensões das relações da organização com a sociedade, meio ambiente e com os provedores de capital para a empresa. No Brasil, especificamente no ano de 2005, foi criado o Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) para reunir as ações de empresas que incorporam em suas diretrizes de negócio práticas de responsabilidade social e sustentabilidade empresarial. Com isso, a presente dissertação tem por objetivo verificar qual o impacto no valor das ações de uma amostra de 43 empresas perante a entrada ou saída das mesmas das carteiras do ISE. A metodologia de estudo de evento buscou identificar os retornos anormais após as divulgações das carteiras do ISE, de 2005 a 2009, através do modelo de retorno ajustado ao risco e ao mercado. Os dados financeiros, antes e depois do evento, foram extraídos da base de dados da Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo. Os resultados alcançados indicaram relação positiva entre a participação de algumas empresas nas carteiras do ISE e o desempenho financeiro das suas ações, além de mostrar que os investimentos necessários em desenvolvimento sustentável não acarretam perdas, visto a predominância de retornos anormais positivos em todas as situações analisadas neste estudo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:57:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5771.pdf: 1594808 bytes, checksum: 1c1dd50839606ad9f36aa7a82494e49f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-25 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Contemporary society faces problems arising from impacts to the environment, causing damage to the countryside, agricultural production and family farming. This study aimed to know the relationship of man field with his work environment, evaluating management practices used by him to guarantee a living for his family and their financial stability. It were interviewed school-age young adults and milk producers of thirteen family farms located around the Mantiqueira Ecological Corridor under influence of Ibitipoca State Park. . The physical and socioeconomic characteristics of the study area was based on relief, vegetation, climate, use and land cover, the local economy, the relationship between the community and the Ibitipoca State Park, and communities profile. It was used a qualitative-quantitative methodology named Discourse of Collective Subject (DCS),, with tabulation and organization of interviews by means of the Qualiquantisoft® Software. Based on the PSR (Pressure-State- Response) model, indicators were proposed that generated pressure indexes on the producer s decision making (IP), for the application state of management practices (IE) and for the response of the environment to the producer s management (IR). The property sustainability index (ISP) was calculated from the arithmetic mean between IP, IE and IR, and indicated the evolutionary trend for these properties.The results indicate that the study area has a history of environmental, social and economic pressure. Despite the intense scrutiny and understanding of the need environmental conservation, a variety of environmentally inadequate management practices are used in order to supply family demands and maintainining the family income. Farmers and school-age young adults consider the environment an obstacle to production and stay in the field. We conclude that, despite the historical tradition of agriculture in the studied area, the way in which dairy cattle activity has been developed can compromise environmental integrity and therefore the life quality and the local population income. / A sociedade atual enfrenta problemas decorrentes de impactos ao ambiente, que causam prejuízos ao espaço rural, à produção agrícola e à agricultura familiar. Este trabalho teve por objetivo conhecer a relação do homem do campo com seu ambiente de trabalho, avaliando as práticas de manejo utilizadas por ele para garantir o sustento de sua família e a sua estabilidade financeira. Foram entrevistados jovens em idade escolar e produtores de leite de treze propriedades rurais familiares localizadas no entorno do Corredor Ecológico da Mantiqueira, sob influência do Parque Estadual de Ibitipoca. A caracterização física e socioeconômica da área de estudo foi feita com base no relevo, na vegetação, no clima, no uso e cobertura do solo, na economia local, na relação da comunidade com o Parque Estadual de Ibitipoca e no perfil das comunidades. Foi utilizada a metodologia quali-quantitativa do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), com tabulação e organização dos depoimentos por meio do software Qualiquantisoft®. Com base no modelo PSR (Pressão-Estado-Resposta), foram propostos indicadores que geraram índices de pressão sobre a tomada de decisão do produtor (IP), para o estado da aplicação das práticas de manejo (IE) e para a resposta do ambiente ao manejo do produtor (IR). O índice de sustentabilidade da propriedade (ISP) foi calculado a partir da média aritmética entre IP, IE e IR e apontou a tendência evolutiva das propriedades avaliadas. Os resultados mostraram que a área estudada possui um histórico de pressão ambiental, social e econômica. Apesar da fiscalização intensa e do entendimento da necessidade de conservação do ambiente, uma diversidade de práticas de manejo ambientalmente inadequadas são utilizadas a fim de suprir as demandas familiares e manter a renda da família. Os produtores rurais e os jovens em idade escolar consideram o ambiente um entrave à produção e à permanência no campo. Conclui-se que, apesar da tradição histórica da agropecuária na área estudada, o modo como a atividade bovino leiteira vem sendo desenvolvida pode vir a comprometer a integridade do ambiente e consequentemente a qualidade de vida e a renda da população local.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuzimarPC_DISSERT.pdf: 2709355 bytes, checksum: f0ffc1929078a13ebd517e0fdce3cda1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / In contemporary times, the urban mobility is presented as one of the main challenges of large and medium-sized Brazilian cities , it presents signs of unsustainability , above all due to the increase in motorized transport system , especially the individual . Thus , it is clear that mobility is considered of special interest for sustainable urban development , is facing a crisis that is reflected in negative externalities , particularly with regard to congestion , accidents , air pollution , social exclusion , among others. The complexity of these problems requires an integrated analysis based on the principles of sustainability . In this sense , trying to understand this problem and in the attempt to minimize its impacts, Costa (2008 ) proposed the Index of Sustainable Urban Mobility (I_SUM) with the goal of providing a methodology capable to assess relevant aspects of mobility , including social dimensions , political, economic and environmental . Given the above, was elected as the main objective of this study is to analyze urban mobility in Natal / RN from the perspective of sustainability . Like specific objectives will seek to analyze Natal?s urban mobility, using the I_SUM like a tool for both the city as a whole and for each of its four administrative regions; evaluate Natal s urban accessibility conditions and verify to what extent the access to urban services and equipment is facilitated or hindered because of the location and incomes of the population . For this, it was necessary to use bibliographic , documentary and field research . The index , which varies from 0.00 to 1.00, revealed for Natal an Global value of 0,510, and that refers to its administrative regions, it was found that there are very small percentage differences from the overall index calculated for the city . The performance of I_SUM by administrative region showed that although there are differences , the results were very similar , varying between 0,494 and 0,537. Particularly in relation to urban accessibility, it appears that Natal presents as an unequal city and this inequity , which is not only income is reflected in the issues related to accessibility and hence urban mobility / Na atualidade, a mobilidade urbana se apresenta como um dos principais desafios das grandes e m?dias cidades brasileiras, pois apresenta sinais de insustentabilidade, principalmente em decorr?ncia do incremento no sistema de transporte motorizado, especialmente o individual. Diante disso, torna-se evidente que a mobilidade, considerada de especial interesse para o desenvolvimento urbano sustent?vel, vem enfrentando uma crise que se reflete em externalidades negativas, sobretudo no que se refere aos congestionamentos, aos acidentes, ? polui??o atmosf?rica, ? exclus?o social, entre outros. A complexidade desses problemas exige uma an?lise integrada alicer?ada nos princ?pios da sustentabilidade. Nesse sentido, buscando compreender tal problem?tica e na tentativa de minimizar os diversos impactos dela decorrentes, Costa (2008) prop?s o ?ndice de Mobilidade Urbana Sustent?vel (IMUS) com o objetivo de oferecer uma metodologia capaz de avaliar aspectos pertinentes ? mobilidade, incluindo as dimens?es social, pol?tica, econ?mica e ambiental. Diante do exposto, elegeu-se como principal objetivo deste estudo analisar a mobilidade urbana de Natal/RN na perspectiva da sustentabilidade. Como objetivos espec?ficos busca-se analisar a mobilidade urbana de Natal, utilizando como ferramenta o IMUS tanto para a cidade como um todo, quanto para cada uma das suas quatros Regi?es Administrativas; avaliar as condi??es de acessibilidade urbana em Natal e verificar em que medida o acesso a servi?os e equipamentos urbanos ? facilitado ou dificultado em virtude da localiza??o e do poder aquisitivo da popula??o. Para tanto, fezse necess?rio o uso de pesquisa bibliogr?fica, documental e de campo. O ?ndice, que varia de 0,00 a 1,00, revelou para Natal o valor Global de 0,510, e no que se refere ?s suas regi?es administrativas demonstrou que h? diferen?as percentuais muito pequenas em rela??o ao ?ndice global calculado para a cidade. O desempenho do IMUS por regi?o administrativa evidenciou que, embora existam diferen?as, os resultados ficaram muito pr?ximos, com varia??es entre 0,494 e 0,537. No que tange particularmente ? acessibilidade urbana, verifica-se que Natal apresenta-se como uma cidade desigual e, essa iniquidade que n?o ? apenas de renda, se reflete nas quest?es relacionadas ? acessibilidade e, consequentemente, ? mobilidade urbana

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:32:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ronaldo Goncalves.pdf: 490906 bytes, checksum: e246778d27642c8f9cc953f097b82329 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-15 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The reason this study is to identify through analysis of economic-financial firms certified by the Corporate Sustainability Index - ISE & the BMF BOVESPA, the results of these companies were affected after the event of approval of the ISE. The methodology used was to study the event and sought to identify the existence of variations in company results.This work analyzed the behavior of indicators: Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Sales (ROS) and Operating Income before Depreciation and interest (EBITDA) of certified companies to assess the impact of certification on financial performance in certified companies in the years 2006 and 2007. The universe of this study was the number of 12 companies certified in 2006 and 24 in 2007, totaling 36 companies.Another limitation was the number of observations was restricted to eight quarters (April 4, preparedness and post-certification), plus the quarter certification, plus eight quarter postcertification, a total of 20 quarters of each company. Data were obtained from Economática and the site of the Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM) on the internet.Results by individual company, there seems to be the trend of more companies to submit ROA, ROE, ROS and higher EBITDA in the period of 24 months post-certification. It was found that the ROA and ROS - Operating margin - were the most sensitive indicators to changes post-certification, however, these variations showed no signs of influence because of the certification, but perhaps favorable economic environment for businesses to leverage their results. / A razão deste estudo é identificar, por meio da análise de indicadores econômicofinanceiros de empresas certificadas pelo Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial - ISE da BMF&BOVESPA, se os resultados destas empresas foram influenciados após o evento da certificação do ISE. A metodologia utilizada foi a de estudo de evento e buscou identificar a existência de variações nos resultados das empresas. Neste trabalho, é analisado o comportamento dos indicadores: Retorno sobre os Ativos (ROA), Retorno sobre o Patrimônio Líquido (ROE), Retorno sobre as Vendas (ROS) e Resultado Operacional antes da Depreciação e dos juros (EBTIDA) das empresas certificadas para avaliar o impacto da certificação no desempenho financeiro nas empresas certificadas nos exercícios de 2006 e 2007. O universo pesquisado foi o número de 12 empresas certificadas em 2006, e 24, em 2007, totalizando 36 empresas. Outra limitação foi o número de observações que se restringiu a 8 trimestres (4 de preparação e 4 de pós-certificação), mais o trimestre de certificação, mais 8 trimestres de pós-certificação, totalizando 20 trimestres de cada empresa. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da Economática e do sítio da Comissão dos Valores Mobiliários (CVM) na internet. Pelos resultados individuais por empresa, parece não existir a tendência de mais empresas apresentarem ROA, ROE, ROS e EBTIDA maiores no período dos 24 meses póscertificação. Constatou-se que o ROA e o ROS - Margem Operacional foram os indicadores mais sensíveis a mudanças pós-certificação, entretanto, essas variações não apresentaram sinais de influência pelo fato da certificação, mas possivelmente pelo cenário econômico amplamente favorável para as empresas alavancarem seus resultados.