Yes / The need for the development of clean but still profitable processes and the study of low environmental impact and economically convenient management policies for them are two challenges for the years to come. This paper tries to give a first answer to the second of these needs, limited to the area of discontinuous productions. It deals with the development of a robust methodology for the profitable and clean management of (fed-)batch units under uncertainty, which can be referred to as a robust sustainability-oriented model-based optimization & control strategy. This procedure is specifically designed to ensure elevated process performances along with low-cost utilities usage reduction in real-time, simultaneously allowing for the effect of any external perturbation. In this way, conventional offline methods for process sustainable optimization can be easily overcome since the most suitable management policy, aimed at process sustainability, can be dynamically determined and applied in any operating condition. This leads to a significant step forward with respect to the nowadays options in terms of sustainable process management, that drives towards a cleaner and more energy-efficient future. The proposed theoretical framework is validated and tested on a case study based on the well-known fed-batch version of the Williams-Otto process to demonstrate its tangible benefits. The results achieved in this case study are promising and show that the framework is very effective in case of typical process operation while it is partially effective in case of unusual/unlikely critical process disturbances. Future works will go towards the removal of this weakness and further improvement in the algorithm robustness.

Couvert à plus de 80% de forêt tropicale, et dans le contexte du spectre de l’épuisement du pétrole, le Gabon est confronté au défi d’assurer un équilibre entre exploitation et préservation de ses ressources. Les politiques qui en découlent sont largement orientées par les engagements pris par le gouvernement pour répondre aux injonctions internationales, mais aussi à la pression des bailleurs de fonds et aux promoteurs du développement durable (ONG internationales, fondations, organismes de coopération…). Cette orientation vers une gestion durable des forêts a ainsi conduit le pays à des réformes considérables : nouveaux modes de gouvernance (avec l’implication de « nouveaux » acteurs aux ambitions diverses), nouveau code forestier, nouvelle organisation des institutions, nouveaux modes d’usages des forêts. Une rupture semble être marquée ici avec une gestion héritée des indépendances, voire de l’époque coloniale. Entre revendication d’une souveraineté nationale et gestion d’une ressource qui touche à des enjeux planétaires, la gouvernance des forêts s’avère complexe pour un État aux moyens techniques et financiers limités. Les espaces forestiers et les populations qui en dépendent deviennent ainsi le terrain d’affrontements de stratégies diverses, parfois divergentes, souvent calquées sur des modèles ne correspondant pas toujours à la réalité socio-culturelle locale, mais légitimées par le seul label de gestion durable. Notre thèse donne des clés de lecture sur cette gouvernance et sur les dynamiques des politiques forestières au Gabon, en mettant l’accent sur l’observation de certains acteurs. S’il est souvent admis que les États forestiers du sud sont sous l’emprise de puissantes ONG internationales, symboles d’une gouvernance prescrite et d’une ingérence écologique, notre étude montre que la présence de ces nouveaux acteurs peut aussi témoigner d’une stratégie des gouvernements du sud pour la reconquête de leurs ressources et de leurs territoires. De dominants à dominés, on passe à une relation de gagnants à gagnants, au péril parfois d’une population locale instrumentalisée et résignée. En abordant les jeux et le rôle des acteurs pour comprendre le territoire, cette thèse offre des perspectives pour porter un nouveau regard sur la gestion des ressources forestières au Gabon. / Covered over 80 % of tropical forest, and in the context of the spectrum of oil depletion, Gabon is faced with the challenge of ensuring a balance between exploitation and conservation of its resources. As a result, policies are largely guided by the commitments made by Governments to meet international orders, but also by pressure from donors and sponsors (international NGOs, foundations, cooperation agencies…) for a Sustainable Development. This shift towards sustainable forest management has led the country to significant reforms: new modes of governance (with the involvement of "new" actors in different ambitions), new forest code, a new organization of institutions, new ways of uses of forests. A break seems to be marked here from independence and even colonial times management. Between a claim of national sovereignty and management of a resource that touches on global issues, forest governance is complex for a state limited in technical and financial resources. Forest areas and people who depend on them become the battleground of various and diverse strategies, sometimes divergent, which do not always correspond to the local socio- cultural reality, but legitimized by the single label for sustainable management. Our thesis provides keys for the reading of this governance and the dynamics of forest policies in Gabon, with emphasis on the observation of certain players. While it is often assumed that southern states forest’s are under the influence of powerful international NGOs, a symbol of a prescribed governance and environmental intervention, Our study shows that the presence of these players may also reflect a southern Governments strategy to regain their resources and their territories. From dominants to dominated relationship, we go to a win-win relationship, sometimes at the risk of a local population exploited and designated. In addressing the role of games and players to understand the territory, this thesis provides opportunities to bring a new perspective on the management of forest resources in Gabon.

Au début du XVe siècle, les forêts domaniales devinrent un enjeu majeur dans les affaires du royaume de France. Gérées par l’administration des Eaux et Forêts, elles furent sur ordre du roi l’objet d’une surveillance particulière. L’étude du Coutumier d’Hector de Chartres, un registre du XVe siècle consignant les droits d’usage de centaines d’usagers des forêts du domaine normand de Charles VI, révèle la place que ces dernières occupaient dans la société en France dans les derniers siècles du Moyen Âge. D’une part, le Coutumier démontre qu’elles étaient non seulement importantes dans l’économie de la province mais qu’elles jouaient aussi un rôle essentiel dans la vie autant à la campagne que dans les villes. D’autre part, avec l’analyse des ordonnances forestières du XIVe siècle et du début du XVe siècle, il illustre comment elles furent d’une importance capitale pour le roi puisque ce dernier y prenait le bois nécessaire à la construction de sa marine et à l’entretien de ses forteresses normandes et qu’il en tirait d’importants revenus dans un contexte d’hostilités avec l’Angleterre. Ainsi, une relation de réciprocité bénéfique pour le roi et les usagers s’installa à travers un complexe système d’usages et de redevances. En cherchant à protéger ces bénéfices, les rois de France tentèrent de gérer adéquatement leurs forêts, établissant ainsi les jalons d’une foresterie durable tournée vers la préservation des ressources sylvicoles et se posant en gardiens du bien commun. / At the beginning of the XVth century, domanial forests became a major issue in the affairs of the kingdom of France. Managed by the Waters and Forests administration, they were put under close surveillance by the king’s decree. The study of Hector de Chartres’ customary, a XVth century register containing the customs of hundreds of users of Charles VI’s norman domain’s forests, reveals the place that they held in France at the end of the Middle Ages. It shows first that they were not only important in the province’s economic life but that they also played a major role in its urban and rural life. It also shows, with the analysis of a XIVth and XVth century corpus of royal ordonnances, how they were important for the king, who took there the ressources he needed to build a navy and maintain his fortresses in Normandy and who benefited from the users’ royalties. Thus, a complex relation which greatly benefited the two parties was created through a complex system of customs and royalties. By trying to protect these benefits, the kings of France tried to manage adequately their forests, establishing the bases of sustainable forestry oriented towards the conservation of forest ressources and acting as gardians of the kingdom’s common good.

Couvert à plus de 80% de forêt tropicale, et dans le contexte du spectre de l’épuisement du pétrole, le Gabon est confronté au défi d’assurer un équilibre entre exploitation et préservation de ses ressources. Les politiques qui en découlent sont largement orientées par les engagements pris par le gouvernement pour répondre aux injonctions internationales, mais aussi à la pression des bailleurs de fonds et aux promoteurs du développement durable (ONG internationales, fondations, organismes de coopération…). Cette orientation vers une gestion durable des forêts a ainsi conduit le pays à des réformes considérables : nouveaux modes de gouvernance (avec l’implication de « nouveaux » acteurs aux ambitions diverses), nouveau code forestier, nouvelle organisation des institutions, nouveaux modes d’usages des forêts. Une rupture semble être marquée ici avec une gestion héritée des indépendances, voire de l’époque coloniale. Entre revendication d’une souveraineté nationale et gestion d’une ressource qui touche à des enjeux planétaires, la gouvernance des forêts s’avère complexe pour un État aux moyens techniques et financiers limités. Les espaces forestiers et les populations qui en dépendent deviennent ainsi le terrain d’affrontements de stratégies diverses, parfois divergentes, souvent calquées sur des modèles ne correspondant pas toujours à la réalité socio-culturelle locale, mais légitimées par le seul label de gestion durable. Notre thèse donne des clés de lecture sur cette gouvernance et sur les dynamiques des politiques forestières au Gabon, en mettant l’accent sur l’observation de certains acteurs. S’il est souvent admis que les États forestiers du sud sont sous l’emprise de puissantes ONG internationales, symboles d’une gouvernance prescrite et d’une ingérence écologique, notre étude montre que la présence de ces nouveaux acteurs peut aussi témoigner d’une stratégie des gouvernements du sud pour la reconquête de leurs ressources et de leurs territoires. De dominants à dominés, on passe à une relation de gagnants à gagnants, au péril parfois d’une population locale instrumentalisée et résignée. En abordant les jeux et le rôle des acteurs pour comprendre le territoire, cette thèse offre des perspectives pour porter un nouveau regard sur la gestion des ressources forestières au Gabon. / Covered over 80 % of tropical forest, and in the context of the spectrum of oil depletion, Gabon is faced with the challenge of ensuring a balance between exploitation and conservation of its resources. As a result, policies are largely guided by the commitments made by Governments to meet international orders, but also by pressure from donors and sponsors (international NGOs, foundations, cooperation agencies…) for a Sustainable Development. This shift towards sustainable forest management has led the country to significant reforms: new modes of governance (with the involvement of "new" actors in different ambitions), new forest code, a new organization of institutions, new ways of uses of forests. A break seems to be marked here from independence and even colonial times management. Between a claim of national sovereignty and management of a resource that touches on global issues, forest governance is complex for a state limited in technical and financial resources. Forest areas and people who depend on them become the battleground of various and diverse strategies, sometimes divergent, which do not always correspond to the local socio- cultural reality, but legitimized by the single label for sustainable management. Our thesis provides keys for the reading of this governance and the dynamics of forest policies in Gabon, with emphasis on the observation of certain players. While it is often assumed that southern states forest’s are under the influence of powerful international NGOs, a symbol of a prescribed governance and environmental intervention, Our study shows that the presence of these players may also reflect a southern Governments strategy to regain their resources and their territories. From dominants to dominated relationship, we go to a win-win relationship, sometimes at the risk of a local population exploited and designated. In addressing the role of games and players to understand the territory, this thesis provides opportunities to bring a new perspective on the management of forest resources in Gabon.

Este trabalho objetivou determinar a disponibilidade do aqüífero Serra Grande e estabelecer as diretrizes para o seu gerenciamento sustentável no município de Picos, localizado no sudeste do Estado do Piauí. Principal sistema de água subterrânea da região, este aqüífero é o único com capacidade para atender as demandas futuras da população. Porém, a falta de regras básicas na exploração dos seus recursos poderá comprometer sua sustentabilidade. O desenvolvimento deste estudo teve início com a elaboração do modelo conceitual da área e a análise das condições de uso dos recursos hídricos. Nesta etapa, verificando-se que os conceitos hidrogeológicos vigentes consideravam apenas o limite físico do sistema para definir sua disponibilidade, foi estabelecido um novo princípio para determinação do volume de recursos que pode ser explorado de um aqüífero, denominado de princípio sustentável, tendo como base os fatores econômicos envolvidos na sua exploração. Para determinação da disponibilidade física e econômica do aqüífero Serra Grande, primeiramente, foi estimado o déficit hídrico acumulado desde o início da exploração do sistema, estabelecida sua relação com a posição do nível potenciométrico e calculado o custo atual de produção da água. Em seguida, foram traçados dois cenários futuros para a exploração dos recursos hídricos no município, representando os modelos de gestão da oferta e gestão da demanda, para o período de 15 e 50 anos. Posteriormente, foi construído um modelo matemático para representar o sistema de subsuperfície, no qual foi simulada a evolução futura do nível d’água. Com base nos valores obtidos, foi estimado o volume de água a ser produzido do armazenamento, a quantidade de recursos que deverão ser incorporados ao sistema e o custo futuro de produção. Os resultados mostraram que o aqüífero precisará incorporar um volume significativo de recursos, que talvez não esteja disponível na região estudada, e que a elevação real do custo da água poderá comprometer a capacidade de pagamento da população para dispor destes recursos. Verificada esta situação, foram definidas as medidas que precisam ser implementadas para o gerenciamento sustentável do aqüífero estudado, de modo a garantir o abastecimento futuro do município e da região. Com a elaboração deste trabalho, concluiu-se que o aqüífero Serra Grande não é “intensamente explorado" em Picos, porém é mal explorado atualmente, o que deverá provocar prejuízos na exploração futura dos seus recursos. / This work’s goals were to determinate the availability of the Serra Grande aquifer and to establish the governess for its sustainable management in the municipality of Picos, located on the southeast of Piauí State. This aquifer, the region’s most important groundwater system, has an unique capacity of fulfilling the population’s future demand. However, the absence of basic rules for the exploitation of its resources would compromise its sustainability. The study began with the development of the conceptual model of the area and the analyses of the water resources use. During this step, after verify that the hydrological actual concepts only observe the physical limit of the system to define its availability, it was established a new principle to determinate the volume of resources that can be exploited from an aquifer, named sustainable principle, based on the economical factors involved in its exploitation. In order to determine the physical and economical availability of the Serra Grande aquifer, first, it was estimated the water deficit accumulated since the begging exploitation of the system, established its relationship with the potenciometric level and was calculated the present cost of water production. Later on, two hypothetical scenarios concerning future exploration of water resources were drawn, representing the models of supply and demand management, for a period of 15 and 50 years. Furthermore, a mathematic model was built to represent the subsurface system, which was simulated the evolution of the water level. Based on the values found, it was estimated the amount of water that should be produced from storage, the quantity of resources that have to be incorporated to the system and the future production cost. Moreover, the results showed that the aquifer will need to incorporate a meaningful quantity of resources, that may be not available in the studied region, and that the real increase of the cost of the water would compromise the payment capacity of the population to dispose those resources. After verify this situation, it was defined the actions that must be taken for the sustainable management of the studied aquifer, to guarantee the future water supply of the municipality and the region. In conclusion, this work confirmed that the Serra Grande aquifer is not “overexploited" in Picos, instead, it is not being correctly exploited, which will negatively affect the future exploitation of its resources.

Usualmente a bataticultura no Brasil migra para novas áreas devido à alta ocorrência de doenças de solo, onde seu cultivo é realizado anualmente após a cultura do milho (Zea mays) com preparo de solo feito com grade aradora, implemento cujo uso frequente gera impedimentos físicos em subsuperfície. Atualmente, é limitado o esforço de pesquisa sobre sistemas sustentáveis baseados no baixo uso de insumos externos que minimizem impactos prejudiciais ao ambiente. Desse modo, o preparo profundo de solo em sucessão a poáceas, constitui uma alternativa viável a qual pode levar os produtores a manter altos níveis de produção e boa qualidade dos tubérculos, sem que seja necessária a mudança da área plantada. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de comparar dois sistemas de preparo de solo (preparo convencional e preparo profundo) para a cultura da batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Atlantic, em sucessão a poáceas, quanto aos atributos do solo, produtividade e dinâmica do crescimento da batateira. O experimento foi conduzido por um ano com inicio em setembro de 2011 em área do Departamento de Produção Vegetal, ESALQ/USP, situada na latitude 22°42\'09\'\' S e na longitude 47°38\'01\'\' W a 569 m de altitude. Foram estudadas quatro sucessões de poáceas com batata, sendo os tratamentos: T1: sucessão Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia - batata, sob preparo profundo (Tanzânia PP), T2: sucessão Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu - batata, sob preparo profundo (Braquiária PP) e T3: sucessão milho (Zea mays cv. AG 6080) - batata, sob preparo profundo (Milho PP). Para efeito de comparação, foi utilizado como tratamento controle T4: a sucessão milho - batata em preparo convencional de solo (Milho PC), com uso de grade aradora a 0,20 m de profundidade antes do plantio. Para a análise estatística foi adotado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. As unidades experimentais foram constituídas por três linhas duplas de 10,0 m de comprimento. A linha dupla central teve 1,5 m de suas extremidades desconsideradas e os 7,0 m centrais, correspondente a 12,6 m² em área, definidos como unidade experimental útil ou unidade de observação. Foram avaliadas as características: produção de matéria seca da parte aérea das poáceas, resistência do solo à penetração, macroporosidade e densidade do solo, estande, número de hastes e sanidade da parte aérea da batateira, produtividade e danos aos tubérculos e dinâmica do crescimento. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA, p<=0,05). Posteriormente, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro, pelos programas estatísticos SAS e Sisvar. O preparo profundo de solo, em relação ao preparo convencional, independentemente da poácea utilizada em sucessão promoveu melhorias nos atributos físicos do solo, nos horizontes entre 0,20 e 0,60 m, propiciando redução da resistência à penetração, aumento da macroporosidade e diminuição da densidade, incrementou em 35,9% a produtividade da cv. Atlantic e proporcionou maior acúmulo de MS em todos os órgãos da planta. / Potato cropping in Brazil is marked by a constant need to migrate to new areas due to a high incidence of soil diseases, where the crop is annually planted after corn (Zea mays) and soil preparation is done by conventional tillage, using plow and harrow, a technique that when performed frequently can cause physical impediments in the soil\'s subsurface. There is limited research done on sustainable systems for potato production in Brazil, and these are characterized by lower use of chemical products, resulting in less detrimental impacts to the environment. Therefore, deep soil preparation for potato cropping succeeding grasses may be a viable alternative to producers attempting to reach and maintain high levels of production and quality of potato tubers without having to relocate to new cropping areas. The objective of the present study was to compare two types of soil preparation (i.e. conventional tillage and deep tillage) for potato crops (Solanum tuberosum) cv. Atlantic, succeeding the cultivation of a grass type, evaluating grass and soil characteristics, and productivity and growth dynamics of the potato crop. The experiment was conducted for one year starting in September 2011 in an area belonging to the Crop Science Department, ESALQ/USP , located at 22°42\'09\'\' South Latitude and 47°38\'01\'\' West Longitude at 569 m of altitude. It was studied the use of four grass types succeeded by potato cropping distributed in treatments: T1: Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania and deep tillage soil preparation (Tanzânia PP), T2: Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and deep tillage soil preparation (Braquiária PP) and T3: corn \'AG 6080\', deep tillage soil preparation (Milho PP). A fourth treatment was used as control treatment, T4: corn \'AG 6080\', using conventional tillage soil preparation (Milho PC), preparing the soil at 0.20 m depth before planting the potato crop. For statistical analysis it was adopted a randomized block design with four treatments and six replications. Each experimental unit consisted of three double rows of 10.0 m in length. Plants located in the final 1.5 m ends of each row were discarded and the 7.0 m located in the center were used, which corresponded to 12.6 m² in total area. The grass characteristic evaluated was the dry matter (DM) production above ground level, the soil characteristics evaluated were: resistance to penetration, macroporosity, and density, and finally the potato characteristics studied were: bulk density, number and sanity of potato shoots, and tubers production and occurrence of damage to tubers and the growth dynamics of the potato crop. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA p<=0.05). Tukey test was used to compare means adopting a 5% level to assess statistical significance using the softwares SAS and Sisvar. Deep soil tillage compared to conventional tillage promoted improvements in soil physical properties, for soil horizons between 0.20 and 0.60 m, providing lower resistance to penetration, increased macroporosity and lower soil density, regardless of the grass type, what resulted in increases of 35.9% in productivity of potato crop cv. Atlantic, with a greater DM accumulation in all plant organs evaluated.

O trabalho analisa a trajetória de construção dos conceitos de patrimônio vinculados às politicas de preservação cultural. Estuda as políticas desenvolvidas pelo IPHAN, pela UNESCO e pelos municípios de São Paulo e Santo André. A partir delas, identifica, no Brasil, três modelos de gestão, um referenciado na concepção de monumento, outro na de patrimônio cultural e o terceiro na de paisagem cultural. Defende, ora, o alinhamento desta última abordagem, como conceito, às formulações da teoria da complexidade, visando inspirar a construção de um sistema sustentável de gestão, ancorado no compartilhamento interinstitucional, na integração disciplinar e na participação cidadã. / This thesis analyzes the construction of heritage concepts related to cultural preservation policies. It examines the policies pursued by IPHAN, UNESCO and the municipalities of SP and SA. Then, it identifies, in Brazil, three management models: one referenced on the notion of monument, another in the design of cultural heritage and the last one in the cultural landscape. It assumes the alignment of the latter approach, as a concept, with the complexity theory formulation, aiming to support a sustainable management system construction, based on interinstitutional sharing, disciplinary integration and citizen participation.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-04-10T13:16:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RITA MARIA CUNHA LEITE COENTRO.pdf: 1945020 bytes, checksum: beca7021135b0e326146e966de9ebf74 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T13:16:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RITA MARIA CUNHA LEITE COENTRO.pdf: 1945020 bytes, checksum: beca7021135b0e326146e966de9ebf74 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-11 / At airports, one of the great challenges is to combine social, cultural and economic development, important to the country, and to mitigate the impacts caused by their implementation and operation. In this sense, the integrated management of solid waste is approached in this work, in order to bring, through a matrix of sustainability indicators, trends in the current scenario and sustainable development. The legislation used is characterized by considering the nature of the solid waste of Airports as dangerous to human health, so it is exclusive for this type of equipment and it has ANVISA as regulatory and oversight agency. The Congonhas Airport in S?o Paulo was chosen as a case study, since it is currently the largest in transit and revenue network in INFRAERO's Airports network and that, after the last update of PGRS, it has developed generation mechanisms focused on the reduction, reuse and recycling ofwaste, has shown significant results. Personally, since I was working at this airport during the period of updating the plan, I had contact with the diagnosis and follow-up of the actions developed. Some topics are rich in discussion, due to the small existence of literature referring to airports ofthe size ofCongonhas. The Congonhas Airport Solid Waste Management Plan is the main information source for this research. The management actions of the signed contracts and management actions are diagnosed to ensure the effectiveness of the health of passengers, users and society itself, with a focus on reducing these impacts. Through the analysis of the various dimensions of sustainability, and using the applicable methodology the full costs, the trends ofthe Congonhas Airport in sustainable development are evaluated, as well as the strengths and weaknesses that deserve attention in order to arrive at the best practices to reduce waste to landfills with incentives for recycling. In order to identify the best global practices regarding the Integrated and Sustainable Management of Solid Waste, a comparative study is carried out between the US, Europe and Congonhas Airport. / Em aeroportos, um dos grandes desafios ? aliar o desenvolvimento social, cultural e econormco, importantes para o pa?s, e a mitiga??o dos impactos causados por sua implanta??o e opera??o. Nesse sentido, a gest?o integrada de res?duos s?lidos ? abordada neste trabalho, de forma a trazer, atrav?s de uma matriz de indicadores de sustentabilidade, as tend?ncias no cen?rio atual e de desenvolvimento sustent?vel. A legisla??o utilizada se caracteriza por considerar a natureza do res?duo s?lido de Aeroportos como perigosa ? sa?de humana, por isso ? exclusiva para esse tipo de equipamento e tem a ANVISA como ?rg?o regulador e fiscalizador. Foi escolhido o Aeroporto de Congonhas em S?o Paulo, como estudo de caso, por ser hoje na rede de Aeroportos da INFRAERO o maior em movimento e receita, e que, ap?s a ?ltima atualiza??o do PGRS ter desenvolvido mecanismos de gera??o com foco na redu??o, reutiliza??o e reciclagem dos res?duos, tem apresentado resultados significativos. Por estar trabalhando nesse aeroporto durante o per?odo de atualiza??o do referido plano, a autora teve contato com o diagn?stico e acompanhamento das a??es desenvolvidas. Alguns t?picos d?o ?nfase nas discuss?es, pela pequena exist?ncia de literatura referente a aeroportos do porte de Congonhas. Afim de identificar as melhores pr?ticas mundiais quanto a Gest?o Integrada e Sustent?vel de Res?duos S?lidos, realiza-se um estudo comparativo entre os Aeroporto dos EUA, Europa e o Aeroporto de Congonhas. O Plano de Gerenciamento de Res?duos S?lidos do Aeroporto de Congonhas ? a fonte de informa??es principal desta pesquisa. S?o diagnosticadas as a??es de gest?o dos contratos firmados e a??es gerenciais que visam garantir a efetividade quanto a sa?de dos passageiros, usu?rios e a pr?pria sociedade, com foco na redu??o desses impactos. Atrav?s da an?lise das diversas dimens?es de sustentabilidade, e utilizando a metodologia aplic?vel dos custos completos, s?o avaliadas as tend?ncias do Aeroporto de Congonhas quanto ao desenvolvimento sustent?vel, bem como identificados os pontos fortes e fracos, que merecem aten??o para atingir as melhores pr?ticas para redu??o do envio dos res?duos a aterros sanit?rios, com incentivo ? reciclagem.

Na busca de critérios e indicadores hidrológicos que possam ter uma posterior utilização prática para o monitoramento do manejo sustentável dos recursos naturais, e considerando a bacia hidrográfica como unidade de manejo, o presente trabalho visa caracterizar o comportamento hidrológico da microbacia A, localizada no Núcleo Cunha do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, contendo vegetação natural em estágio avançado de regeneração, visando identificar indicadores de monitoramento ambiental, em termos de suas flutuações naturais em ecossistemas não perturbados. A turbidez, a cor aparente, e a concentração de sedimentos em suspensão, são parâmetros importantes para avaliar a qualidade da água do deflúvio. Assim, foram estes os escolhidos no presente estudo para que se pudesse analisar seu comportamento como indicadores para o monitoramento ambiental. Para a caracterização hidrológica quantitativa, foi necessário determinar previamente a curva chave do vertedor, sendo que a curva obtida está representada pela equação Q = 0,0561 H 2,3778 , com um r 2 = 0,9872. Da análise dos dados pluviométricos e fluviométricos de 8 anos, foram determinados os componentes do balanço hídrico anual. A precipitação média anual foi de 1832 mm, observando-se diferença entre a estação úmida (setembro a março), onde se produz o 84% das precipitações, e a estação seca (abril a agosto). O deflúvio médio anual foi de 1279 mm, as perdas médias anuais ocasionadas pela evapotranspiração foram de 553 mm, correspondendo a 32% da precipitação. Em razão da relativamente baixa evapotranspiração anual que prevalece na área, e a freqüente ocorrência de neblinas; analisou-se a possibilidade de estar havendo uma entrada adicional de água ao balanço hídrico da microbacia representada pelo processo de captura de neblinas pelo dossel florestal (precipitação oculta). Os resultados estariam indicando um acréscimo na precipitação próximo a 8%. Os resultados dos parâmetros de qualidade da água (turbidez, cor aparente e sedimentos em suspensão), indicam que as flutuações destes parâmetros estão altamente relacionadas com os picos de vazão ocasionados pelas precipitações estivais. Foram obtidos valores máximos de turbidez, cor aparente e sedimentos em suspensão de 173 FTU, 550 PtCo e 465,2 mg l, no mês de janeiro, e mínimos de 2 FTU, 6 PtCo e 0 mg l, respectivamente. Assim, pode-se considerar estes intervalos como válidos para uma área sem perturbação, podendo servir de referencial para o monitoramento do manejo florestal sustentável nesta região. / With the purpose of identifying hydrological indicators suitable for the environmental monitoring of sustainable forest management and taking into account the catchment as a systemic base of management planning, the aim of the present study is to characterize the hydrological functioning of an experimental catchment covered with undisturbed natural forest, located at the Serra do Mar State Park, State of São Paulo, Brazil, and thus identify hydrological parameters, in terms of their natural range of variation in such conditions, which could be used as suitable indicators for environmental monitoring. Among the parameters potentially suitable for this purpose, this study was carried out with the following water quality parameters: turbidity, color and suspended sediment concentration. The data analyzed encompass a period of 8 years of precipitation and streamflow continuous measurements. Initially, a rating curve was developed for the weir, which gave the following calibration equation: Q = 0,0561 H 2,3778 , with r 2 = 0,9872. Average annual precipitation for the period was 1832 mm, 84 % of which occurred during the rainy season of September through March. Average annual streamflow for the period was 1279 mm. Considering the simplified water balance equation, this resulted in a total water loss of 553 mm. The relatively low value of evapotranspiration obtained, which was also observed in other experimental catchments in this mountain region, an attempt was done to measure the additional input of rainwater as fog drip in the area, which would also to be included in the water balance calculations. The results showed an approximate additional amount of 8 % of the average annual precipitation measured in the conventional rain gauges. The water quality results indicate that the fluctuations of turbidity, color and suspended sediments are correlated with the peak flows, with maximum values 173 FTU, 550 PtCo and 465,2 mg l -1 , respectively, occurring during the rainy month of January. On the other hand, the minimal values corresponded to 2 FTU, 6 PtCo and 0 mg l -1 , respectively. Therefore, such range of variation for these studied water quality parameters could be considered indicative of the natural range of variation of catchments well protected with undisturbed natural forest cover in the region.

Orientador: Luciana Cavalcanti Maia Santos / Resumo: A pesca do caranguejo-uçá, Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763), é uma das atividades extrativas mais antigas no Brasil, sendo caracterizada como uma das mais importantes pescarias dentro do setor artesanal em áreas de manguezal. Contudo, os altos níveis de exploração dessa espécie, associados à degradação dos manguezais, técnicas de captura não-sustentáveis e doenças, fizeram com que U. cordatus fosse incluído em 2004 na lista brasileira de espécies sobreexplotadas ou ameaçadas de sobreexplotação. Entretanto, desde 2015 o Governo do Estado de São Paulo controla a quantidade de profissionais que atuam na atividade de coleta do caranguejo-uçá, permitindo a Autorização Especial para um determinado número de pescadores residentes em toda abrangência da APA de Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe. A cidade de Cananéia (litoral sudeste do Brasil), tem um alto volume registrado de capturas do caranguejo-uçá a nível estadual, mas há poucos estudos sócio-ecológicos e aplicação de medidas participativas para o manejo sustentável desse recurso nesta região. Neste contexto, o presente projeto tem como objetivo analisar a pesca do caranguejo-uçá no Município de Cananéia, com foco na avaliação sócio-ecológica do conhecimento local, percepções e práticas dos pescadores, assim como na aplicação desse conhecimento ao manejo e uso sustentável deste recurso. Para tanto, foram aplicadas entrevistas junto aos pescadores locais, bem como utilizada o método de mapeamento participativo. Foi evidenciada a íntima dep... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Abstract: The crab Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) is the older estuarine extractive activities in Brazil, and characterized as one of the most important fisheries within the artisanal sector of the mangrove areas. However, higher exploration levels of this species, associated with mangrove degradation, unsustainable techniques of capture and diseases, have included this species as overexploited or overexploitation threatened in Brazilian Redlist at 2004. However, since 2015 the government of São Paulo state controlled the number of artisanal fishermen in catching activity of U. cordatus, allowing a special authorization for a reduced number of local fishermen in that Área de Proteção Ambiental Cananeia-Iguape-Peruíbe (APA-CIP). The Cananéia city (southeast coast of Brazil) has the largest catch of crabs in the São Paulo state, but there are few social-ecological studies and participatory methods to sustainable manage of this resource in that region. In this context, the present project aims to analyze the fishing of the Ucides cordatus crab in Cananéia city, with a social-ecological (SES) analysis based on the local fishing knowledge, perceptions and practices for the fishermen, as well as in this knowledge application to management and sustainable use. Were conduzed interviews with local fishermen, and used the participatory mapping method. An intimate dependence was verified among fishermen and mangrove, where U. cordatus is a very important source of income for many fami... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre