Orientador: Isabel Cristina de Barros Trannin / Banca: Sueli Yoshinaga Pereira / Banca: Silvio Jorge Coelho Simões / Resumo: Este estudo faz parte de um amplo projeto, que tem como objetivo a revitalização da bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Guaratinguetá, desenvolvido pelo Departamento de Engenharia Civil da FEG/UNESP, em parceria com a Prefeitura Municipal de Guaratinguetá. O ribeirão Guaratinguetá é o manancial de abastecimento do município e nos últimos anos vem apresentando graves problemas ambientais, como processos erosivos em suas margens, que causam assoreamento, enchentes e decréscimo da qualidade da água, resultantes, principalmente, do uso e manejo inadequados do solo. Diante deste cenário, esse estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os aspectos ambientais do meio físico, delimitar as áreas de preservação permanente (APPs), determinar a capacidade de uso das terras e propor a adequação do uso das terras e o macrozoneamento desta bacia hidrográfica, onde se destacam as atividades agropecuárias. Para isso, utilizaram-se técnicas de geoprocessamento, empregando-se o software ArcGIS® versão 9.2 do Sistema de informações Geográficas (SIG). Verificou-se que o ribeirão Guaratinguetá possui formas complexas de drenagem, com superposição de anastomosamento e meandramento. As APPs cobrem 17,9% da área total da bacia, dos quais 56,2% estão sendo utilizados por atividades agropecuárias, que não atendem a legislação vigente. Considerando a capacidade de uso das terras, a bacia apresenta potencial agrícola, sendo que cerca de 63,3% de sua área pertence aos grupos A e B de capacidade de uso, que incluem as classes II, III, IV de terras aptas aos cultivos agrícolas; classes V, VI e VII, que são terras aptas às pastagens e à silvicultura e, em alguns casos com problemas para a conservação das terras, necessitando de práticas especiais de manejo e 36,7% de sua área pertence ao grupo C e classe VIII, de terras impróprias para qualquer tipo de uso... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study is part of a larger project, which aims to revitalize the strem basin Guaratinguetá, developed by the Department of Civil Engineering, FEG/UNESP, in partnership with the Prefeitura de Guaratinguetá. The stream Guaratinguetá is the source of supply for the city and in recent years she has had serious environmental problems such as erosion along its banks, causing siltation, flooding and decreased water quality, resulting mainly from inappropriate use and management of soil. Against this backdrop, this study aimed to characterize the environmental aspects of the environment, defining the permanent preservation areas (APPs), ending the ability of land use and suggest the appropriateness of land use and macro-zoning of the watershed where stand out agricultural activities. For this, we used GIS techniques, using the software ArcGIS® version 9.2 of the Geographic Information System (GIS). It was found that the stream has Guaratinguetá complex forms of drainage, with superposition of anastomoses and meandering. The APPs cover 17.9% of total catchment are being used by agricultural activities, which do not meet current legislation. Considering the ability of land use, the basin has potential agricultural, with about 63.3% of its area belongs to groups A and B use capacibility, including the Class II, III and IV of land suitable for cultivation agricultural land classes V, VI and VII, which is land suitable for forestry and in some cases with concern for the conservation of land, requiring special management practices and 36.7% of its area bolongs to group C and Class VIII land unfit for any type of use and reserved for the preservation of flora and fauna. The macrozoning agri-environmental indicated that 37.9% of the basin area has agricultural capacibility, while 45,2% is occupied by land used for conservation, leaving 14.9% for use... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:34:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_mc_me_bauru.pdf: 1485895 bytes, checksum: 46caa6e8a16d3780555723c30d2a8ed6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo faz parte de um amplo projeto, que tem como objetivo a revitalização da bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Guaratinguetá, desenvolvido pelo Departamento de Engenharia Civil da FEG/UNESP, em parceria com a Prefeitura Municipal de Guaratinguetá. O ribeirão Guaratinguetá é o manancial de abastecimento do município e nos últimos anos vem apresentando graves problemas ambientais, como processos erosivos em suas margens, que causam assoreamento, enchentes e decréscimo da qualidade da água, resultantes, principalmente, do uso e manejo inadequados do solo. Diante deste cenário, esse estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar os aspectos ambientais do meio físico, delimitar as áreas de preservação permanente (APPs), determinar a capacidade de uso das terras e propor a adequação do uso das terras e o macrozoneamento desta bacia hidrográfica, onde se destacam as atividades agropecuárias. Para isso, utilizaram-se técnicas de geoprocessamento, empregando-se o software ArcGIS® versão 9.2 do Sistema de informações Geográficas (SIG). Verificou-se que o ribeirão Guaratinguetá possui formas complexas de drenagem, com superposição de anastomosamento e meandramento. As APPs cobrem 17,9% da área total da bacia, dos quais 56,2% estão sendo utilizados por atividades agropecuárias, que não atendem a legislação vigente. Considerando a capacidade de uso das terras, a bacia apresenta potencial agrícola, sendo que cerca de 63,3% de sua área pertence aos grupos A e B de capacidade de uso, que incluem as classes II, III, IV de terras aptas aos cultivos agrícolas; classes V, VI e VII, que são terras aptas às pastagens e à silvicultura e, em alguns casos com problemas para a conservação das terras, necessitando de práticas especiais de manejo e 36,7% de sua área pertence ao grupo C e classe VIII, de terras impróprias para qualquer tipo de uso... / This study is part of a larger project, which aims to revitalize the strem basin Guaratinguetá, developed by the Department of Civil Engineering, FEG/UNESP, in partnership with the Prefeitura de Guaratinguetá. The stream Guaratinguetá is the source of supply for the city and in recent years she has had serious environmental problems such as erosion along its banks, causing siltation, flooding and decreased water quality, resulting mainly from inappropriate use and management of soil. Against this backdrop, this study aimed to characterize the environmental aspects of the environment, defining the permanent preservation areas (APPs), ending the ability of land use and suggest the appropriateness of land use and macro-zoning of the watershed where stand out agricultural activities. For this, we used GIS techniques, using the software ArcGIS® version 9.2 of the Geographic Information System (GIS). It was found that the stream has Guaratinguetá complex forms of drainage, with superposition of anastomoses and meandering. The APPs cover 17.9% of total catchment are being used by agricultural activities, which do not meet current legislation. Considering the ability of land use, the basin has potential agricultural, with about 63.3% of its area belongs to groups A and B use capacibility, including the Class II, III and IV of land suitable for cultivation agricultural land classes V, VI and VII, which is land suitable for forestry and in some cases with concern for the conservation of land, requiring special management practices and 36.7% of its area bolongs to group C and Class VIII land unfit for any type of use and reserved for the preservation of flora and fauna. The macrozoning agri-environmental indicated that 37.9% of the basin area has agricultural capacibility, while 45,2% is occupied by land used for conservation, leaving 14.9% for use... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

La finalité de l’étude est d’explorer la gestion des écosystèmes aquatiques d’Europe et d’Afrique à travers le prisme de l’approche systémique. Cette approche est fondée sur la recherche de solutions générales et globales aux problèmes y afférents, sans sacrifier les particularités et spécificités propres à chaque écosystème. A la différence d’une gestion cloisonnée, fragmentée et sectorielle, l’intérêt d’une gestion globale et intégrée des ressources en eau rares, est de permettre une meilleure rationalisation de cette gestion, par la prise en compte de l’ensemble des contraintes et des opportunités y relatives, de façon qu’elle soit plus pertinente et soutenable. Dans cette optique, la comparaison entre les systèmes européens, globalement plus avancés et les systèmes africains, vise, d’une part, à souligner que quelque soit le système considéré, les problèmes sont quasiment les mêmes et que l’approche globale et intégrée reste le meilleur gage d’efficacité et d’efficience en vue de les résorber ; d’autre part, à montrer que ces systèmes peuvent être mutuellement bénéfiques, notamment en termes d’échanges de bons procédés ou de bonnes pratiques.On entend par écosystème aquatique, l’ensemble des eaux douces de toutes origines, superficielles, souterraines ou autres. Ces écosystèmes aquatiques entretiennent des interactions avec la terre, la mer et d’autres éléments de l’environnement global, qu’il importe de bien maîtriser, pour sacrifier aux exigences d’une gestion globale pertinente et intégrée desdits écosystèmes. / This study attempts to examine the management of freshwater resources in Africa and Europe, from an ecosystemic view point, and aims at global and appropriate solutions to problems, without neglecting local or regional specificities. Contrary to territorial and sector approaches, integrated water resource management is a better way to ensure a sustainable management of freshwater resources, taking into consideration all problems and opportunities pertaining thereto. In this regard, the first interest of comparing advanced European systems with African systems is to bring up global problems, in spite of regional or continental peculiarities, and to stress on the global and integrated approach as the best way of solving them effectively. The second interest is to show that managing these systems can be mutually beneficial if their respective advantages and weaknesses are considered.Freshwater resources comprise superficial or deep water of various origins, and interact with elements of the global environment (earth, sea). Their mastery is of utmost importance as it will permit the global, adequate and integrated management of such ecosystems.

Le sujet de l'eau et du territoire en Israël, est au coeur de la problématique actuelle de ce pays. Comment l'eau a-t-elle façonné les politiques d'aménagement du territoire en Israël ? Comment est-elle devenue un facteur décisif de développement et de paix régionale ? Sujet essentiel de la formation et de l'aménagement du territoire de ce pays, c'est l'eau qui sera le facteur de paix déterminant de toute la région. II m'a semblé intéressant de travailler cette question car elle rend compte de la situation actuelle de la ressource, c'est-à-dire d'une gestion de plus en plus intégrée et durable des eaux du Jourdain, avec ses implications multiples pour Israël et ses voisins. De plus, une analyse diachronique de la gestion de la ressource est en mesure de retracer l'évolution des politiques d'aménagement du territoire israélien A ce titre, l'étude de la vallée de Beth Shean et du cours du Harod, affluent de rive droite du Jourdain, offre un exemple de l'évolution de l'aménagement du territoire et de la maîtrise de l'eau. Il conviendra de s'interroger sur la validité" de cet exemple de gestion de la ressource et de se demander s'il a permis un développement harmonieux et durable de la région. Cet exemple a été très proche du modèle d'aménagement du territoire en Israël, et il a répondu à l'objectif de construction d'un Etat neuf et à une gestion intégrale de la ressource. Qu'advient-il de ce mode de gestion aujourd'hui ? Peut-il répondre aux besoins d'une population toujours plus nombreuse ? Ne faut-il pas envisager une gestion durable de la ressource afin de satisfaire les besoins de tous et de générer la paix et la liberté pour les peuples de la région ? / The issue about water and territory is the heart of the present problem in this country. How has water shaped the development policies in Israël? How has it become a decisive factor of regional development and peace? As the essential cause of territory and regional development in this country, water will be a determining peace factor in all the area. It seemed to me interesting to analyze this question as it explains the present resources situation, which means a more and more integrated and sustainable management of the Jordan water, with its numerous implications both for Israël and for its neighbors. Moreover, a diachronic analysis of the resource management is liable to relate the israelian territory political development evolution. On this account, the analysis of Beth Shean valley and of the Harod stream, an affluent of Jordan River right bank, gives an example of the territory development evolution and of water control. We should point out the question about the validity of the management of resource in this example and wonder whether it has allowed a harmonious and lasting development of the area. This example was very close to the model of national territory development in Israël and it corresponded fits the aim for the building of a new state and total resource management. What happens to this type of management today? Can it cope with the needs of an ever-growing population? Isn't necessary to envisage a sustainable management of the resources to meet with the needs of all and generate peace and freedom for the people in this area?

Esta dissertação apresenta o conceito de pegada hídrica (water footprint). Entendido como um conceito de grande valia para o gerenciamento sustentável dos recursos hídricos, inicialmente buscou-se, por meio da realização de uma pesquisa bibliométrica, a identificação de uma publicação científica que versasse sobre um modelo estruturado de gestão da água para o setor produtivo elaborado a partir do conceito de pegada hídrica. Como não foi identificado nenhum estudo neste sentido, foi proposto o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa que resultasse em um modelo estruturado de gestão da água a partir dos conceitos de pegada hídrica. Para isso, primeiramente foi feita uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, através de entrevistas com especialistas no tema, com o objetivo de identificar suas contribuições para um modelo de gestão da água a partir das aplicabilidades do conceito de pegada hídrica. Através das contribuições fornecidas pelo painel de especialistas, bem como do entendimento do autor do conteúdo da pesquisa bibliográfica realizada, foi proposto um modelo de gestão da água para a produção de bens e serviços a partir do conceito de pegada hídrica, estruturado na forma do modelo de gestão PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action). Assim, acredita-se que o resultado final deste modelo possa ser aplicável a uma empresa real, pois este conta com elementos de gestão elaborados a partir de boas práticas empresariais de gestão da água, aprimorados através do conteúdo do referencial teórico e das contribuições vivenciadas pelos especialistas no conceito de pegada hídrica. Ele proporciona uma visão holística de todo o processo necessário para o gerenciamento sustentável dos recursos hídricos por uma organização e envolve a participação de diversas partes interessadas e a cadeia de suprimentos. Também, conta com uma forma inovadora e abrangente de contabilização do uso e consumo da água e descarte de efluentes, proporciona uma gestão de riscos adequada e pode servir como um dos subsídios necessários para a elaboração de estratégias operacionais e comerciais, contribuindo de maneira importante para o desenvolvimento sustentável de uma organização. / This research introduces the concept of water footprint. Known as a concept of great value for the sustainable management of water resources, initially it was sought, through the performance of a bibliometric research, the identification of a scientific publication which would deal about a structured water management model for the productive sector prepared from the concept of water footprint. As no study has been identified in this direction yet, the development of a research that resulted in a structured water management model from the concepts of water footprint was proposed. In this regard, firstly a qualitative and exploratory research was made through interviews with water footprint experts with the aim of identify their contributions for a water management model from the applicabilities of the concept of water footprint. Also, through the contributions provided by the experts panel as the author\'s understanding of the content of the bibliographic research conducted, it was proposed a water management model for the production of goods and services from the concept of water footprint, structured in the form of the model management PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action). Consequently, it is believed that the end result of this model may be applicable to a real company because this one has elements of management drawn from good business practices of water management, improved by the contents of the theoretical framework and the contributions from experienced experts on the concept of water footprint. It provides a holistic view of the entire process needed for sustainable management of water resources within an organization and involves the participation of several stakeholders and supply chain. It also has an innovative and broad manner of accounting the use and consumption of water and wastewater discharge, provides a suitable risk management and can serve as the required support for the development of operational and commercial strategies, contributing considerably to the sustainable development of an organization.

Orientador: Leandro Cardoso de Morais / Resumo: O aumento populacional, o desenvolvimento tecnológico e as mudanças de consumo, são evidentes na atualidade. Diante disso é possível observar o crescimento na produção de resíduos sólidos. Um setor de amplo desenvolvimento nesse aspecto é o de alimentos. Dentre os resíduos gerados vinculados a estes temos as Embalagens “Snacks”, que no pós-consumo pode representar cerca de 15,56 mil toneladas em todo o país em um ano. Esta pesquisa, foi elaborada para apresentar o consumo dessas embalagens, usando como base a cidade de Sorocaba – SP no ano de 2017, assim como apresentar o manejo que estes resíduos têm recebido. Dentre os resultados obtidos, foi possível perceber que a cidade consumiu 49,42 toneladas no ano de 2017 e que com o crescimento de 2,9% ao ano, esse consumo chegará a 71,66 toneladas em 2030, o que representa uma ocupação de 0,016% da capacidade total do aterro para onde são destinadas. Além da ocupação de espaço, a presente pesquisa observou que, o atual manejo das Embalagens “Snacks” não contribui para o crescimento socioeconômico da cidade, e assim o não cumprimento efetivo da PNRS que versa sobre o estimulo a responsabilidade compartilhada e a geração de emprego e renda. Esta pesquisa também apresenta alguns exemplos de manejo bem-sucedido nos aspectos ambientais, empresariais e socioeconômicos, fazendo referência aos processos de reciclagem, reutilização, coleta seletiva e logística reversa. / Abstract: Population growth, technological development and changes in consumption are evident today. Given this, it is possible to observe the growth in solid waste production. One sector of broad development in this aspect is food. Among the residues generated linked to these we have the Snacks Packaging, which in the post-consumption can represent about 15,56 thousand tons throughout the country in a year. This research was developed to present the consumption of these packages, based on the city of Sorocaba - SP in the year 2017, as well as to present the management that these residues have received. Among the results obtained, it was possible to perceive that the city consumed 49.42 tons in 2017 and that with a growth of 2.9% per year, this consumption will reach 71.66 tons in 2030, which represents an occupation of 0.016% of the total capacity of the landfill for which they are intended. In addition to the occupation of space, this research observed that the current management of Snack Packaging does not contribute to the socioeconomic growth of the city, and thus the effective non-compliance of the PNRS, which is about stimulating shared responsibility and generating employment and income. This research also presents some examples of successful management in the environmental, business and socioeconomic aspects, referring to the processes of recycling, reuse, selective collection and reverse logistics. / Mestre

Esta dissertação apresenta o conceito de pegada hídrica (water footprint). Entendido como um conceito de grande valia para o gerenciamento sustentável dos recursos hídricos, inicialmente buscou-se, por meio da realização de uma pesquisa bibliométrica, a identificação de uma publicação científica que versasse sobre um modelo estruturado de gestão da água para o setor produtivo elaborado a partir do conceito de pegada hídrica. Como não foi identificado nenhum estudo neste sentido, foi proposto o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa que resultasse em um modelo estruturado de gestão da água a partir dos conceitos de pegada hídrica. Para isso, primeiramente foi feita uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, através de entrevistas com especialistas no tema, com o objetivo de identificar suas contribuições para um modelo de gestão da água a partir das aplicabilidades do conceito de pegada hídrica. Através das contribuições fornecidas pelo painel de especialistas, bem como do entendimento do autor do conteúdo da pesquisa bibliográfica realizada, foi proposto um modelo de gestão da água para a produção de bens e serviços a partir do conceito de pegada hídrica, estruturado na forma do modelo de gestão PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action). Assim, acredita-se que o resultado final deste modelo possa ser aplicável a uma empresa real, pois este conta com elementos de gestão elaborados a partir de boas práticas empresariais de gestão da água, aprimorados através do conteúdo do referencial teórico e das contribuições vivenciadas pelos especialistas no conceito de pegada hídrica. Ele proporciona uma visão holística de todo o processo necessário para o gerenciamento sustentável dos recursos hídricos por uma organização e envolve a participação de diversas partes interessadas e a cadeia de suprimentos. Também, conta com uma forma inovadora e abrangente de contabilização do uso e consumo da água e descarte de efluentes, proporciona uma gestão de riscos adequada e pode servir como um dos subsídios necessários para a elaboração de estratégias operacionais e comerciais, contribuindo de maneira importante para o desenvolvimento sustentável de uma organização. / This research introduces the concept of water footprint. Known as a concept of great value for the sustainable management of water resources, initially it was sought, through the performance of a bibliometric research, the identification of a scientific publication which would deal about a structured water management model for the productive sector prepared from the concept of water footprint. As no study has been identified in this direction yet, the development of a research that resulted in a structured water management model from the concepts of water footprint was proposed. In this regard, firstly a qualitative and exploratory research was made through interviews with water footprint experts with the aim of identify their contributions for a water management model from the applicabilities of the concept of water footprint. Also, through the contributions provided by the experts panel as the author\'s understanding of the content of the bibliographic research conducted, it was proposed a water management model for the production of goods and services from the concept of water footprint, structured in the form of the model management PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action). Consequently, it is believed that the end result of this model may be applicable to a real company because this one has elements of management drawn from good business practices of water management, improved by the contents of the theoretical framework and the contributions from experienced experts on the concept of water footprint. It provides a holistic view of the entire process needed for sustainable management of water resources within an organization and involves the participation of several stakeholders and supply chain. It also has an innovative and broad manner of accounting the use and consumption of water and wastewater discharge, provides a suitable risk management and can serve as the required support for the development of operational and commercial strategies, contributing considerably to the sustainable development of an organization.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-02-21T13:17:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Margarete Satsumi Tiba Ferreira.pdf: 3840889 bytes, checksum: abf630228fe1ec8e263f83e62d380174 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-21T13:17:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Margarete Satsumi Tiba Ferreira.pdf: 3840889 bytes, checksum: abf630228fe1ec8e263f83e62d380174 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-30 / Two experiments were conducted on two farms located in the city of Nova Friburgo - RJ, Cultivar and Hikari. On Cultivar farm, tomato was cultivated under organic management in a 4 x 2 factorial design experiment - with four types of bagging and two types of ground coverages - in four replications. Besides the referential treatment, which was conducted bagless, brown paper, nonwoven fabric and glassyne were tested over the period of August to December 2012. The tomato was grown under straw black oats and lupins. On Hikari farm, which was in an agroecological transition, we performed the second experiment, conducted in two different greenhouses, one under chemical management and other under biological management, both performed over the period of October 2012 to March 2013. The experiment was conducted in a 2 x 2 completely randomized experimental design (glassyne paper, without bagging and with both types of pest control, chemist and biological) with eight repetitions. In both experiments Tomatec principles were adopted using mulching, drip irrigation, vertically trellised staking, organic fertilization and integrated pest management (IPM). The evaluated parameters were bagging fresh weight influence, diameter, amount of residues and fruit production. The farmers and the student?s approach over tomato production with agroecological transition bias allowed us to understand the sustainable production challenges on protected areas and provided a great experience on procedures, empowerment and professional knowledge. Bagging increased tomato yield under organic production, and the brown paper bags made the most of outstanding quality and production. Compared to the bagless process, economic gains were present in treatments with biological and chemical management using glassyne. / Foram realizados dois experimentos em duas propriedades rurais, S?tio Cultivar e S?tio Hikari, localizados no munic?pio de Nova Friburgo-RJ. No S?tio Cultivar o tomate foi cultivado sob manejo org?nico num experimento em delineamento experimental com blocos inteiramente casualizados em fatorial 4 x 2 (quatro tipos de ensacamentos e dois tipos de cobertura do solo) com quatro repeti??es. Al?m do tratamento referencial, que foi o sem o uso do saco, foram testados o papel pardo, o tecido n?o tecido (TNT) e o papel glassyne no per?odo de agosto a dezembro de 2012. O tomate foi cultivado sob as palhadas de aveia preta (Avena strigosa ) e tremo?o branco (Lupinus albus). No S?tio Hikari em transi??o agroecol?gica, o tomate foi cultivado em duas estufas, uma sob manejo qu?mico e a outra com manejo biol?gico no per?odo de outubro de 2012 a mar?o de 2013. Este estudo foi realizado no delineamento experimental de blocos inteiramente casualizados com quatro tratamentos em fatorial 2 x 2 (papel glassyne e sem ensacamento e dois tipos de controle fitossanit?rio, um qu?mico e outro biol?gico), com oito repeti??es. Em ambos os experimentos foram adotados os princ?pios do sistema de produ??o denominado de Tomatec, utilizando-se cobertura vegetal, irriga??o com gotejamento, tutoramento vertical com fitilho, aduba??o org?nica/mineral e o manejo integrado de pragas (MIP). Os par?metros avaliados foram a influ?ncia do ensacamento no peso fresco, di?metro, quantidade de res?duos e na produ??o dos frutos. Abordagem sobre a viv?ncia dos produtores e da mestranda sobre a produ??o de tomate com vi?is de transi??o agroecol?gica permitiu compreender os desafios da produ??o sustent?veis dos ambientes protegidos e uma grande experi?ncia em torno dos processos de produ??o, empoderamento e conhecimento profissional. O ensacamento aumentou a produtividade do tomateiro em sistema org?nico de produ??o, sendo os sacos confeccionados com papel pardo os que mais se destacaram na qualidade e na produ??o. Nos tratamentos com manejo qu?mico e biol?gico, houve um ganho econ?mico com a utiliza??o do papel glassyne, comparativamente ? aus?ncia de ensacamento

Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how to release the potential of industry-university collaborations promoting sustainability-oriented innovation by analyzing the projects between the University of Borås and the Swedish fashion industry. As a result, it is the aim to develop a model which increases the effectiveness of these project collaborations and thus drives forward sustainability-oriented innovations in order to increase sustainable development within universities and companies. In the scope of this model, factors are identified, which if managed correctly, increase the probability of the collaboration. The outcome is a good practice model for successful industry-university research collaborations. Methodology This research follows a qualitative approach, including abductive reasoning. Therefore, a comprehensive literature review is conducted, delivering the basis for semi-structured interviews which provide empirical data. The results of the interviews are coded according to a template discussion, analyzing frequently used words and phrases resulting into focus areas for this research. Findings The results show that the sustainability-oriented innovation projects promote the companies’ strategic sustainable development on a long-term perspective. The industry and the university receive comprehensive knowledge which is created through synergy effects. The investigation discovered that the main driver for industry and university is the development of new sustainability-oriented innovative business models and the obtaining of new valuable knowledge. Out of the findings, a model could be created, presenting factors found to have significant impact on the success of the projects. Contribution This thesis contributes to academia as well as industry by developing a framework for the release of the potential beneficial impact of industry-university collaborations on strategic sustainable development. Further, the findings support and encourage the collaborative work between the fashion industry and universities towards sustainable development in Sweden. Thereby, this thesis supports the interconnection of different sectors by bundling their capabilities and knowledge to create innovation and progress in society.

Attaining the ‘appropriate’ balance between human use of national parks and their protection is a topic of considerable public, scientific and business interest and is thus an important focus for research. An increasingly affluent and mobile western society has made tourism the world’s largest industry; an industry with a significant reliance on the attractions of protected areas such as national parks and their wildlife. Regional communities have benefited from protected areas through local tourism expenditure and government recognition of the economic and social values realized from protected areas. High levels of visitation, and the management of this human use require effective management. But tensions arise when park managers invoke policies and management prescriptions to mitigate the adverse affects of human use. These actions and the way they are implemented can have an alienating impact on local communities, particularly those with a direct business dependency on park tourism. This thesis explores the notion that truly sustainable management of national parks can only be achieved if park managers and communities living adjacent to parks work together in a partnership to meet each other’s needs and through this process, foster the long-term environmental, social and economic benefits that can be derived from these parks. This thesis documents how a local community perceives its park managers and thereby the impact that park management has on local communities. It then seeks to identify the opportunities for park managers and communities to improve the way they view each other and the skills, attitudes and approaches necessary to create the environment for a sustainable relationship and can deliver sustainable outcomes for both parties. / Three methods were employed to progress this research; an extensive review of literature and theory on relevant aspects of the people and parks relationship; the use of a case study of communities adjacent to parks on the Ningaloo Coast; and, qualitative and quantitative surveys to inform those case studies. A resident perception survey of the Exmouth and Coral Bay communities was conducted in August 2005. At the same time key stakeholder representatives were interviewed. Secondary quantitative data on the areas economy and demographics was also collected to triangulate aspects of the primary data. The Ningaloo coast community’s perception of park management has been adversely affected by a recent (2004) management planning process for Ningaloo Marine Park that culminated in significant constraints being placed on recreational fishing access. Both the planning process and the decision have been the focus of community anger. Currently the levels of trust and respect within the community for the park agency and its management performance are low. Despite evidence that the parks of the Ningaloo coast make important social and economic contributions to the local communities of this area, the local community holds negative perceptions of the social and economic impacts of park management, and are influenced strongly by the local community’s attitudes, perceptions and feelings towards the park agency. The park agency’s inability to consult, involve and communicate with the local community (to the satisfaction of the local community) contributes to these attitudes, feelings and perceptions. / Key findings include; the prevailing norms and belief systems within the park agency reinforce the classic managerial paradigm; park management fails to accommodate broader social and economic measures, which diminishes trust and undermines attempts to foster community involvement and stewardship; ineffectual leadership, poor communication and outmoded approaches to planning and community engagement, local apathy to involvement in park planning and a lack of community education in regard to the promotion of park values, programs and activities compound this situation. The Ningaloo coast has the potential to provide an exceptionally bright future for its local communities, based largely on the inherent natural and cultural values of Ningaloo Marine Park, Cape Range National Park and other associated reserves. Whether the potential to develop community stewardship of the parks of the Ningaloo coast is fully met depends largely on the willingness of park management to relinquish some of its power, establish a suitable governance model in order to work collaboratively with the community and communicate effectively with it in order to achieve sustainable futures for both the park and the community.