The objective of this thesis is to develop an understanding of the brushing process for a road sweeper so that a theoretical model of the process can be developed. The brush model has been confined to the kerb operating channel brush that usually sweeps about 80% of the debris on the road in the region of the kerb. The other 20% is swept by a roller brush beneath the vehicle. This has not been included in the study. A concept for a semi-autonomous road sweeping vehicle has also been proposed in order to sweep debris efficiently with minimum fatigue for the vehicle driver, although the debris sensing and control system have not been developed in this thesis. The metal tines of road sweeping brushes are usually rectangular in section (unlike cleaning brushes which are circular in section), giving rise to two commercial brush types. These are the flicking brush (major axis in the radial direction) and cutting brush (major axis in the tangential direction). A theoretical steady-state model of these two brushes has been developed which allows the calculation of brush axial loads, torques and tine deflection geometry as the brush rotates. The theoretical model has been validated experimentally within acceptable limits although this does require an experimental choice of the co-efficient of friction between the tines and the ground, usually between 0.6 and 0.7 for commercial brushes sweeping on concrete and tarmacadam surfaces. A dominant feature of the brush characteristics is the tine wear, as the brush stiffness increases over 120% as the tine shortens by 40%, which is the recommended minimum length taking into account brushing efficiency and damage to the road surface. The model can also be used as a tool to design new brushes so that, for example, by rotating the tine by 30 to 40° from the cutting brush configuration a 20% improvement in mechanical efficiency is predicted. In order to assess the mechanism of debris removal from the road and its subsequent collection by the vacuum unit, the brush model has been incorporated into a brush sweep-gear linkage used by commercial vehicles to track the edge of the kerb. It has been shown that a constant brush contact arc on the road can be maintained by adjusting the brush angle of attack and brush height and that this relationship is independent of the vehicle speed and brush linkage with respect to the kerb. Under these contact conditions efficient sweeping may be expected. In the case of the Johnston 600 sweeping vehicle the brush contact arc angle is 150°. This parameter is used as the output criterion for automatic control schemes that have been proposed to improve brushing efficiency and reduce driver fatigue. These will require the development of an on-line brush height sensor that can also measure brush wear.

Low Earth Orbit is over-cluttered with rogue objects that threaten existing technological assets and interfere with allocating new ones. Traditional satellite missions are not efficient enough to collect an appreciable amount of debris due to the high cost of orbit transfers. Many alternate proposals are politically controversial, costly, or dependent on undeveloped technology. This dissertation attempts to solve the problem by introducing a new mission architecture, Space Sweeper, and bespoke hardware, Sling-Sat, that sequentially captures and ejects debris plastically. Resulting momentum exchanges are exploited to aid in subsequent orbit transfers, thus saving fuel. Sling-Sat is a spinning satellite that captures debris at the ends of adjustable-length arms. Arm length controls the angular rate to achieve a desired tangential ejection speed. Timing the release exacts the ejection angle. This process redirects debris to burn up in the atmosphere, or reduce its lifetime, by lowering its perigee. This dissertation establishes feasibility of principles fundamental to the proposed concept. Hardware is conceptualized to accommodate Space Sweeper ’s specialized needs. Mathematical models are built for the purpose of analysis and simulation. A kinematic analysis investigates system demands and long-term behavior resulting from repeated debris interaction. A successful approach to enforce debris capture is established through optimal control techniques. A study of orbital parameters and their response to debris interactions builds an intuition for missions of this nature. Finally, a J2-compliant technique for path optimization is demonstrated. The results strongly support feasibility of the proposed mission.

In this thesis, design and development and manufacturing processes of an industrial type vacuum sweeper is presented. Thesis is financially supported by Ministry of Industry and Trade-Turkey and M&uuml / san A.S. (Makina &Uuml / retim Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S.) under SAN-TEZ project number 00028.STZ.2007-1. It is aimed to make innovative design changes and developments on the M&uuml / san VSM 060 type vacuum sweeper. To achieve this aim, alternative configuration designs are prepared by using commercial 3D modeling program, Catia&trade / V5. Basic vehicle structure is constructed. New M&uuml / san VSM 060 will be a fully electrically driven vehicle. All subsystems will be activated by using electrical motors whose power is supplied by batteries. All subsystems are mounted on the chassis which is a welded frame structure made up of 60x40x2 St37-2 grade steel tubes. Finite element analysis (FEA) of the chassis is performed by using commercial structural finite element analysis tools MSC Patran pre and post processor and MSC Nastran solver. Moment calculations are done for structural parts. Cleaning system of the new VSM 060 vehicle is decided to be a combination of mechanical and vacuum cleaning systems. An elevator system will be integrated in addition to vacuum system to pick up coarse particles. The vacuum system will mainly be utilized for very small size particle collection. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses are done by Punto M&uuml / hendislik Ltd. Sti. for the whole cleaning system components by using CFdesign, an upfront CFD analysis tool.

The aim of this study was to compare a muldboard ploughs with belt and classic sweepers. To comparison of both machines was plumbed traction resistance, work quality and abrasive sweepers.

No description available.

The topic of my diploma thesis is the design of electric ride-on sweeper. At first, the product is analyzed from a designer and technical aspect. From these analytics is determine the purpose of the thesis and made the new specifical design that is friendly with economical, technical and sychological aspects. Easy and easily controllable elements that provide work safety are he next demand.

The subject of graduation theses is design of urban cleaning unit. The machine belongs to the category of self-propelled work equipment. The primary purpose is the maintenance of areas of human settlements. The issue is examined in the existing products. Complete creative design is methodology developed and described. Output is ergonomic, composition, and graphic solution.

När landsvägar sopas rent från grus samlas inte alltiddetta upp utan sopas istället ned i diket, vid förekomstav vägräcken ackumuleras gruset över tid undervägräcket. Detta leder till att avrinningen av vattenförsvåras vilket kan leda till att vattenmassor samlas påvägbanan, detta leder till en försämrad trafiksäkerhet.Arbetet med att avlägsna detta grus är idagtidskrävande och leder till att framkomligheten påvägen begränsas. På uppdrag av AB Mählers och Sönerskapades ett produktkoncept som skall kunna utföra ettförebyggande underhåll för att undvika det mertidskrävande arbete som utförs idag. Konceptet byggerpå två stycken roterande sopborstar som med enöverbryggande konstruktion placeras på vardera sidaav vägräcket. Konceptet avses att placeras på ettbefintligt sidoplogfäste som finns i AB Mähler &amp; Sönerexisterande produktutbud. För att ta fram detta koncepthar olika metoder nyttjats: intervjuer med identifieradeintressenter har utförts, befintliga lösningar har söktsoch olika koncept har skapats. De genererade konceptenhar betygsatts och eliminerats tills ett koncept kvarstår.Detta koncept har itererats tre gånger för att söka olikalösningar på problemställningen. / When country roads are swept clean from gravel, thegravel is not always collected, but is instead sweptdown into the trench. In the presence of guardrails thegravel accumulates over time under the guardrail. Thismakes the drainage of water more difficult which canlead to water masses accumulating on the roadway,which leads to impaired road safety. The work ofremoving this gravel is today time-consuming and willlimit the accessibility off the road. On behalf of ABMählers and Söner, a product concept was created thatwill be able to carry out preventive maintenance toavoid the more time-consuming work being donetoday. The concept is based on two rotating brusheswhich with a bridging construction are placed on eachside of the guardrail. The concept is intended to beplaced on an mount for a snowplough that currentlyexists in AB Mähler &amp; Söner's product range. Todevelop this concept, different methods have been used:interviews with identified stakeholders have beencarried out, existing solutions have been sought anddifferent concepts have been created. The generatedconcepts have been graded and eliminated until oneconcept remains. This concept has been iterated threetimes to seek different solutions to the problem. / <p>Betyg 2020-07-27</p>

This thesis explores development stages of a Self-loading water sweeper superstructure prototype. The theoretical part describes thoroughfares in terms of pollution, various types of cleaning machines currently in use and a detailed description of the FMEA method, which was used for identification of potential failure modes and risk mitigation. Stages of measurement and superstructure parameter improvement are proposed, executed and described in the practical part. In these stages, creation of model documentation, verification of functionality and stage of analysis FMEA are included. Furthermore, this section describes the results of tests devised to validate key superstructure parameters. The result of the work is a functional Self-loading water sweeper superstructure prototype, confirmation of key superstructure functional parameters and a draft of a series of improvement measures aimed at eliminating potential risks associated with operation of the superstructure.

Förbränning av fossila bränslen är den största orsaken till ökade växthusgasutsläpp i atmosfären som i sin tur ligger till grund för klimatförändringarna. Europeiska Unionen uttrycker klimatförändringarna som ett existentiellt hot och har som mål att Europa ska bli en klimatneutral kontinent till år 2050. Arbetsmaskiner, som vanligtvis drivs på diesel, är ett energikrävande fordonsslag vid användning som år 2016 stod för 6 % av Sveriges totala växthusgasutsläpp. Vätgas kan vara ett alternativt drivmedel till diesel eller andra fossila drivmedel för att minska de utsläpp som arbetsmaskiner ger upphov till. Syftet med studien är att uppmärksamma arbetsmaskiners roll i en omställning till vätgasdrift samt sprida kunskap om vad en omställning skulle innebära för dagens användare av arbetsmaskiner. Detta görs genom att belysa möjlig etablering i nutid av fem utvalda vätgasdrivna arbetsmaskiner samt gestalta dem i ett framtida vätgassamhälle. De arbetsmaskiner som inkluderas i studien är hjullastare, pistmaskin, sopmaskin, traktor och motviktstruck. Metoden består av en förenklad litteraturöversyn i kombination med personlig kommunikation samt en anpassning av verktyget Technology Readiness Level (TRL) i syfte att bedöma den tekniska mognaden. Resultatet visar att det i dagsläget finns etableringsmöjligheter i olika former för samtliga arbetsmaskiner i regionen baserat på TRL. Vätgasdrivna motviktstruckar och sopmaskiner är båda tillräckligt mogna tekniker för att etableras direkt på marknaden genom inköp. Vätgasdrivna hjullastare, traktorer och pistmaskiner är fortfarande under utveckling och kan därför etableras i regionen genom forskning och ytterligare utveckling eller först efter produktlansering på marknaden. De utvalda vätgasdrivna arbetsmaskinerna kan verka i ett framtida vätgassamhälle på liknande vis som motsvarande fossildrivna arbetsmaskiner gör idag med fördelar som mindre miljöpåverkan, vibrationer och buller som i sin tur medför mindre underhållsbehov med tillhörande kostnader. Resultatet visar att det finns möjligheter redan idag att påskynda en förändring, inte bara i Gävleborg utan i hela Sverige. De utvalda arbetsmaskinerna är verksamma inom branscher som motsvarar stora delar av det svenska näringslivet, en omställning till vätgasdrift kan därför ha en stor betydelse för en nationell reducering av växthusgasutsläpp. Det finns stor potential, särskilt för aktörer inom industrin, att upprätta egen vätgasproduktion och därmed bli självförsörjande på vätgas som drivmedel till arbetsmaskiner. Detta kan bli en av de radikala förändringar som enligt EU behövs för att uppnå målet om att åstadkomma klimatneutralitet år 2050. / Burning of fossil fuels is the biggest cause of increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere, which in turn leads to climate change. The European Union expresses climate change as an existential threat and aims to make Europe a climate-neutral continent by 2050. Non-road machinery vehicles (NMV), which are usually powered by diesel, are an energy-intensive type of vehicle during usage that in 2016 accounted for 6% of Sweden's total GHG emissions. Hydrogen can be an alternative fuel to diesel or other fossil fuels in order to reduce the emissions that originate from NMVs. The aim of this study is to draw attention to the role of NMVs in a conversion to hydrogen operation and to spread knowledge about what a conversion would mean for today's users of work machines. This is done by highlighting possible establishment in the present of five selected hydrogen powered NMVs and illustrate them in a future hydrogen society. The NMVs included in the study are wheel loaders, snow groomers, street sweepers, tractors and counterbalanced forklifts. The method consists of a simplified literature review in combination with personal communication and an adaptation of the tool Technology Readiness Level (TRL) in order to assess technical maturity. The results show that there are establishment opportunities in the present in various forms for all NMVs in Gävleborg based on TRL. Hydrogen powered counterbalanced forklifts and street sweepers are both sufficiently mature technologies to be established directly in the market through purchasing. Hydrogen powered wheel loaders, tractors and snow groomers are still under development and can therefore be established in the region through research and further development or after product launch. The selected hydrogen powered NMVs can operate in a future hydrogen society similarly to fossil-fueled NMVs but with benefits such as less environmental impact, vibrations and noise which in turn entails less maintenance needs with associated costs. There are opportunities already today to accelerate a change, not only in Gävleborg but throughout Sweden. The selected NMVs are active in industries that correspond to large parts of the Swedish business community, a transition to hydrogen operation can therefore be of great importance for a national reduction of GHG emissions. There is great potential, especially for players in the industry, to establish their own hydrogen production and thereby become self-sufficient in hydrogen intended for NMVs. This could be one of the radical changes that, according to the EU, are needed to achieve the goal of accomplishing climate-neutrality by 2050.