Les travaux présentés ici proposent des convertisseurs d’énergie à haut rendement et très large dynamique de tension d’entrée, c'est-à-dire capables de fonctionner avec un rendement énergétique élevé sur une plage de tension d’entrée étendue (typiquement de 9V à 200V). De multiples tensions de réseaux sont standards dans l’industrie : elles sont spécifiques à un domaine (aéronautique, ferroviaire, …) et dépendent de la source primaire d’alimentation électrique (batterie d’accumulateurs, génératrice, …). Au sein d’un équipement embarqué, plusieurs réseaux peuvent cohabiter : une alimentation principale 110V et une alimentation de secours sur batterie 12V, par exemple. Le besoin de convertisseurs large dynamique d’entrée est donc une réalité, mais il n’existe sur le marché que peu de convertisseurs capables de réaliser une dynamique d’entrée supérieure à dix. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié les enjeux et les problématiques liés à la large dynamique d’entrée, afin de mieux cerner les limitations des topologies de puissance classiques. Nous avons ensuite traité le cas d’une architecture de conversion d’énergie de type série, dont nous avons amélioré le rendement énergétique grâce à l’utilisation de circuits d’aide à la commutation. Cette solution ayant des performances limitées, nous avons proposé de nouvelles architectures de convertisseurs DC/DC, de type parallèle, capables de supporter des dynamiques de tension d’entrée supérieures à vingt et ayant un rendement énergétique élevé (supérieur à 80%). Nous avons également étudié et mis en œuvre des stratégies de commande, numériques et analogiques, permettant de contrôler ces nouvelles topologies complexes. / Power converters are present in virtually every embedded system, but many standards of DC networks exist: the supply voltage is depending on how the power is generated (battery, alternator …) and can range from 12V to more than 115V. When an equipment must comply with a 110V main supply and 12V back-up supply, the use of a wide input voltage range DC/DC converter is mandatory. Since classical switched mode power converters cannot achieve simultaneously high efficiency and wide input voltage range, manufacturers rarely propose DC/DC converters with an input voltage range greater than 10. This work tackles the issue of wide input voltage power conversion. After discussing about designs trade off and problems that stem from a wide input range, we try to improve the overall efficiency of a classical buck-boost converter, by using non dissipative switching-aid circuits. We also proposed a novel two stages power converter capable of dealing with very wide input voltage ranges (more than 20), without a reduction of the power efficiency. Since those new converters are far more difficult to control, some theoretical analysis was performed and some practical tests were done using complex controls laws.

Switched-Capacitor Converters (SCC) suffer from a fundamental power loss deficiency which make their use in some applications prohibitive. The power loss is due to the inherent energy dissipation when SCC operate between or outside their output target voltages. This drawback was alleviated in this work by developing two new classes of SCC providing binary and arbitrary resolution of closely spaced target voltages. Special attention is paid to SCC topologies of binary resolution. Namely, SCC systems that can be configured to have a no-load output to input voltage ratio that is equal to any binary fraction for a given number of bits. To this end, we define a new number system and develop rules to translate these numbers into SCC hardware that follows the algebraic behavior. According to this approach, the flying capacitors are automatically kept charged to binary weighted voltages and consequently the resolution of the target voltages follows a binary number representation and can be made higher by increasing the number of capacitors (bits). The ability to increase the number of target voltages reduces the spacing between them and, consequently, increases the efficiency when the input varies over a large voltage range. The thesis presents the underlining theory of the binary SCC and its extension to the general radix case. Although the major application is in step-down SCC, a simple method to utilize these SCC for step-up conversion is also described, as well as a method to reduce the output voltage ripple. In addition, the generic and unified model is strictly applied to derive the SCC equivalent resistor, which is a measure of the power loss. The theoretical predictions are verified by simulation and experimental results.

Switched mode power supplies (SMPS) are being extensively used in most power conversion processes. The analysis, design and modeling processes of hard-switched converters are mature, where the switching frequency was limited to a few 10's of kHz. The present direction of evolution m SMPS is towards higher efficiency and higher power density. These twin objectives demand high switching frequency and low overall losses. Soft switching results in practically zero switching losses and extends the switching frequency to 100's of kHz and beyond. This thesis presents novel variants of push-pull and half-bridge DC-DC converters with soft switching properties. The proposed topology uses two additional switches and two diodes. The additional switches introduce freewheeling intervals m the circuit and enable loss-less switching. Switch stress, control and small signal model are similar to hard-switched PWM converter. Synchronous rectifiers are used in the ZVS push-pull converter to achieve high efficiency. It is interesting to see that the drives for the synchronous rectifier device are practically the same as the additional switches. The contributions made in this thesis are 1) Idealized analysis and design methodology for the proposed converters. 2) Validation of the design through circuit simulation as well as prototypes - a 300kHz, 200W push-pull converter and a 300kHz, 640W half-bridge converter. 3) Closed loop control design for desired bandwidth and accuracy Verification of loop gain through network analyzer instrumental for the same The loop gain bandwidth achieved is about 30kHz for the push-pull converter and 20kHz for half-bridge converter. An appendix has been devoted to explain the use of network analyzer. Characterization of coil, transformer and capacitor are explained in detail. Measurement techniques for measuring the small signal parameters of power supply are also explained in the appendix.

Orientador: Ernesto Ruppert Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T00:56:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_AgnaldoVieira_M.pdf: 2229736 bytes, checksum: 725a7fa267bc30780c457689e4356336 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O estudo da utilização de conversores CC/CC isolados e elevadores de tensão para a alimentação de moduladores de pulsos é apresentado neste trabalho. Foi selecionada a topologia em ponte completa, dando-se enfoque ao problema das capacitâncias parasitas envolvidas no circuito, que aparecem de forma acentuada em transformadores elevadores de tensão e filtros indutivos de saída e são altamente indesejáveis quando se opera em regime chaveado. Essas capacitâncias são tratadas através de uma forma de amortecimento, onde a energia armazenada nas mesmas é devolvida à fonte primária ao final de cada semiciclo de chaveamento, tentando obter-se menor volume, maior rendimento e menor dissipação de calor no conversor. Além disso, um circuito de regulação de carga é utilizado para garantir uma maior estabilidade de pulso e contornar problemas típicos de moduladores de pulsos utilizados em radares, como o efeito de backswing. O modulador de pulsos utilizado como carga para esse sistema opera com uma tensão de alimentação de 1kV, frequência de repetição de pulsos (PRF) de 585Hz e consome uma potência da ordem de 2,1kW. O conversor CC/CC é alimentado por um barramento CC não regulado de 280V / Abstract: The study of high-voltage isolated DC/DC converters used to supply pulse modulators is presented on this dissertation. The Full Bridge topology was selected, focusing in problems caused by parasitic capacitances in the circuit. This characteristic, which appears sharply in high voltage transformers and in inductors of output filter, is highly undesirable when the circuit is operated in switching mode. These capacitances are handled using a soft commutation technique, where their stored energy are returned to the primary source in the end of each switching cycle, trying to get a low size, high efficiency and low heat dissipation in the converter. Moreover, a charging regulator circuit is used to ensure good pulse stability and avoid typical problems in the pulse modulators use, such as the backswing effect. The pulse modulator used as load for this converter operates with a supply voltage of 1kV, pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 585Hz and consumes 2.1 kW. The converter input is supplied by a 280V unregulated DC bus / Mestrado / Energia Eletrica / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

The following work deals with a design of power supply testbench with design of their replaceable modules and circuits for their measurement. The final product should be used for faster design and tuning of switching power supplies. In this essay, there is detailed description of switching power supplies, analysis of support circuits and calculations for design. Based on theoretical background and selected parameters, a connection concept will be created. This concept will be validated by a device that will consist of main board, changeable modules and measurement circuits.

This project deals with portal-type CNC milling machine design and construction. CNC milling machine should be able to machining light metals and alloys. This document contains description of mechanical components selection, machine frame design and building, design and construction of USB motion control unit and also contains control software description and user manual.

The aim of this thesis is design of adjustable switched mode power supply with symmetrical output of 25 V, and switched mode power supply with fixed output voltage of 5 V. Required maximum output current of each outputs is 3 A. At the beginning of the paper function of the basic SMPS topologies is described. Next all reqiured SMPSs are designed and chosen parts of the design are simulated. In the second half of the thesis assembly and testing of PCB are described as well as functions of programs. Last chapter contains results of meassurement of power supply paramters.

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This thesis entails the design and fabrication of a smartphone charger that is powered by a bicycle dynamo hub. In addition to the design and validation of the charger prototype, this thesis involves the testing and characterization of the dynamo hub power source, the design and construction of specialized test equipment, and the design and prototyping of a handlebar-mounted case for the smartphone and charging electronics. With the intention of making the device a commercial product, price, aesthetics, and marketability are of importance to the design. An appropriate description of the charger circuit is a microcontroller-based energy management system, tailored to meet strict power demands of current smartphones. The system incorporates a switched-mode power supply, lithium polymer battery, microcontroller, and specialized protection circuitry. Prototype testing confirms that the circuit meets the charging requirements of the smartphone at bicycle speeds ranging from 7 miles per hour to as high as 55 miles per hour.

No description available.