Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-06-14T11:46:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1322019 bytes, checksum: 7f8c2c5383c626c462463e475ed417e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T11:46:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1322019 bytes, checksum: 7f8c2c5383c626c462463e475ed417e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This theoretical basic research develops into an interface between linguistics and psychoanalysis trying to analyse the movements of the unconscious in irony-language-truth joint. Therefore it was attempted to observe in Saussure from the conception of language as a system of signs, the production of meanings such as constitution of truths through the notion of arbitrary, linguistic value and mainly of syntagmatic relations and associations – by Lacanian psychoanalysis which attempted to analyse the production of meaning in metaphor and metonymy movements that resulted on the initiation of unconscious movements. Finally, it was sought to systematize with emphasis on structure’s perspective the production of meanings in the two theories, taking irony as theme of the reflections. It can be deduced that the language operation mode described by Saussure resembles the operation of the unconscious described by Lacan, as movement’s meanings, truths, movements that keep their specificities remaining therefore distinct thou. Consequently, this research provides subsidies for both psychoanalysis and for the language in search of what can be assumed to each other. / Essa pesquisa de base teórica se desenvolve em uma interface entre linguística e psicanálise, buscando analisar os movimentos do inconsciente na articulação ironia-linguagem-verdade. Para tanto, buscou-se observar na linguística saussuriana, a partir da concepção de língua como um sistema de signos, a produção de sentidos, como constituição de verdades, através da noção de arbitrário, de valor linguístico e, principalmente, das relações sintagmáticas e associativas; pela psicanálise lacaniana, buscou-se analisar a produção de sentidos nos movimentos de metáfora e metonímia, como movimentos formadores do inconsciente. Por fim, buscou-se sistematizar, sob o olhar da estrutura, a produção de sentidos nas duas teorias, tomando a ironia como fio condutor das reflexões. Pode-se deduzir que o modo de funcionamento da língua, descrito por Saussure, assemelha-se ao modo de funcionamento do inconsciente descrito por Lacan, como movimentos constituidores de sentidos, de verdades, embora sejam movimentos que guardam suas especificidades, permanecendo, portanto, distintos. Espera-se, portanto, com essa pesquisa fornecer subsídios tanto para a psicanálise quanto para a linguística, na busca do que pode dizer uma para a outra.

There are different types of psycholinguistic approaches which attempt to examine the quality and the organization of the human mental lexicon; the word association experiment is one of them. The word association experiment can be used to probe the development of human vocabulary. The current investigation was carried out in order to trace the influence of the cultural background and L2 knowledge on the mental lexicon of the undergraduate Pakistani L2 learners of English. It was hypothesized that the individual‟s culture and knowledge of L2 bear direct relation with their mental lexicon. Influenced by the culture, they may connect different words with attitudinal bonds, whereas L2 knowledge is accountable for the growth of vocabulary. The motivation stems from the fact that none of the previous studies has targeted Pakistani L2 learners for the word association test in order to investigate their mental lexicon. The data was gathered through a word association test. The results supported the hypothesis. A considerable amount of attitudinal responses emerged in their responses, and the number of paradigmatic responses found in the data was the highest of all. Therefore, it was concluded that Pakistani L2 learners‟ vocabulary was considerably influenced by their cultural milieu due to the presence of attitudinal responses to the stimulus words, and their vocabulary is patterning toward native-like since the number of paradigmatic relations with the stimulus words was the highest of other types of relations. The findings carry important implications for didactics.

The goal of this thesis is to map a theme, which has not been systematically explored enough by Czech linguists so far. It deals with the material of the Prague Spoken Corpus (PSC), which contains a series of records of authentic spoken language. The thesis presents primarily a comprehensive description of particles, which can be found in the PSC, their semantic classes based on their real occurrence in the natural speech context. It further describes their collocability and syntagmatic relations, including their valency, thus more adequately explains their function in the commonly spoken language. Attention is also paid to their frequency and preferred use within the scope of particular combinations of sociolinguistic parameters, i.e. four variables (sex, age, education and type of discourse) which determined the selection of speakers on recordings to make their combinations as balanced as possible. Some particles are homonymous with other parts of speech - the extent of homonymy and its context dependency just as the processes of particulization are described in the contextual usage of particles and adverbs. The results in terms of the frequency of usage were compared with the frequency of occurrence in the written corpus SYN2005. The presentation of particles in dictionaries of Czech language was...