Orientador: Fabiana Fantinatti-Garboggini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T12:39:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mantovani_CristinaKampus_M.pdf: 1137189 bytes, checksum: 2db8a522e2d39a0ae80a5e302d4d79e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Nas últimas décadas um grande número de compostos de interesse biotecnológico, como por exemplo, citotoxinas, agentes antifúngicos, antimicrobianos, antivirais e anticancerígenos têm sido isolados de esponjas marinhas. Entretanto, estudos comprovam que, em muitos casos, os compostos ativos desses animais são oriundos de micro-organismos associados, que podem compor até 60% do volume tecidual das esponjas. A presente proposta teve por objetivo a caracterização taxonômica da diversidade de bactérias cultiváveis associadas às esponjas coletadas no litoral norte do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, e a avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana a partir de extratos orgânicos brutos dessas bactérias. Um total de 86 bactérias foi recuperado das esponjas Axinella corrugata, Dragmacidon reticulata, Chelonaplysilla erecta e Petromica citrina utilizando diferentes meios de cultivo. A diversidade das bactérias foi caracterizada utilizando dados de morfologia, ARDRA (Amplified Ribossomal Restriction Analysis) e sequenciamento do gene RNA ribossomal 16S, cuja análise permitiu a identificação de membros pertencentes aos filos Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes e Firmicutes num total de 15 gêneros distintos. O gênero Pseudovibrio foi o único presente em todas as esponjas amostradas, e os gêneros Bacillus, Ruegeria, Vibrio, Staphylococcus e Erythrobacter estavam presentes em mais de uma esponja. A esponja Dragmacidon reticulata apresentou a maior diversidade bacteriana, englobando oito diferentes gêneros, dentre eles, um representate do gênero Cyclobacterium, o qual até onde se sabe, foi isolado pela primeira vez de uma esponja marinha. O gênero Bacillus esteve presente em três esponjas, mas na Petromica citrina, endêmica do Brasil, o gênero ficou representado em 74% dos isolados obtidos. Este estudo foi o primerio relato sobre a diversidade de bactérias cultiváveis da esponja Petromica critrina. Todos os isolados foram avaliados quanto à presença ou ausência dos fragmentos dos genes PKS (Polyketide Synthases) e NRPS (Non Ribossomal Peptide Synthetases), visando à investigação do potencial biotecnológico das bactérias, e mais da metade delas apresentaram pelo menos um dos genes estudados. Uma triagem da atividade antimicrobiana utilizando o método da difusão em bloco de ágar demonstrou que 21 isolados foram promissores para produção de antimicrobianos. Destes isolados foram obtidos os extratos orgâncios brutos, os quais foram testados quanto à determinação da concentração inibitória mínima contra oito micro-organismos indicadores. Um total de 13 extratos orgânicos brutos, em sua maioria respresentantes do gênero Bacillus, demonstraram ação contra o micro-organismo Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 e um deles demonstrou ação contra o micro-organismo Escherichia coli ATCC 11775. A numerosa inibição de estirpes de Bacillus por outros Bacillus sugere que a atividade possa ser gerada por bacteriocinas, polipeptídeos produzidos pela via ribossomal que atuam na inibição de crescimento de grupos próximos de micro-organismos. Sua possível função no meio ambiente é prover vantagem seletiva através da eliminação de um competidor relativamente próximo. Ainda, um representante do gênero Exiguobacterium apresentou atividade antimicrobiana contra B. subtilis, resultado este não descrito até o presente na literatura / Abstract: In recent decades a large number of compounds of biotechnological interest, such as cytotoxins, antifungal, antimicrobial, antiviral and anticancer substances have been isolated from marine sponges, however, studies show that, in many cases, the active compounds are actually produced by associated microorganisms, which can comprise up to 60% of the volume of sponge tissue. This proposal aimed to characterize the taxonomic diversity of culturable bacteria associated with sponges collected in the northern coast of São Paulo, Brazil, and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity from crude organic extracts of these bacteria. A total of 86 bacteria were recovered from sponges the Axinella corrugata, Dragmacidon reticulata, Petromica citrina and Chelonaplysilla erecta using different culture media. The diversity of bacteria was characterized using data from morphology, ARDRA (Amplified Ribossomal Restriction Analysis) and sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA gene, whose analysis allowed the identification of members belonging to the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, in a total of 15 distinct genera. The genus Pseudovibrio was the only one present in all sponges sampled, and the genera Bacillus, Ruegeria, Vibrio, Staphylococcus and Erythrobacter were present in more than one sponge sampled. The sponge Dragmacidon reticulata showed the highest bacterial diversity, encompassing eight different genera, among which the genus Cyclobacterium, which, as far as is known, was first isolated from a marine sponge. The genus Bacillus was present in three sponges, but in Petromica citrina, endemic to Brazil, the genus accounted for 74% of the isolates. This study was the first report on the diversity of culturable bacteria from the sponge Petromica critrina. All isolates were evaluated for the presence or absence of NRPS (non ribossomal peptide synthetases) and PKS (polyketide synthase) genes in order to investigate the biotechnological potential of bacteria, and over half of the isolates had at least one of these genes. A screening of antimicrobial activity using the diffusion agar disk method showed that 21 isolates were promising for the production of antibiotics. Crude organic extracts from these isolates were produced and tested against eight indicator microorganisms to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). A total of 13 crude organic extracts, most of the genus Bacillus, showed inhibitory activity against the microorganism Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051, and one of them showed activity against the microorganism Escherichia coli ATCC 11775. The large inhibition of Bacillus strains to other Bacillus strains suggests that the activity can be generated by bacteriocins produced through ribosomal polypeptides that inhibit close groups of microorganisms. Its possible role in the environment is to provide a selective advantage by eliminating a relatively close competitor. Still, a representative of the genus Exiguobacterium showed antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis, which was not described in the literature up to date / Mestrado / Microbiologia / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular

Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora) is a primitive tree species that has attracted attention because of its horticultural distinctiveness, the wealth of natural products associated with it, and its evolutionary position as a basal angiosperm. Terpenoid constituents were determined from Magnolia leaves and flowers. Magnolia leaves constitutively produced two major terpenoids, andamp;acirc;-cubebene and germacrene A. However, upon wounding Magnolia leaves biosynthesized a significant array of monoand sesquiterpenoids, including andamp;acirc;-pinene, trans-andamp;acirc;-ocimene, andamp;aacute;-gurjunene, andamp;acirc;-caryophyllene and andamp;acirc;-cubebene, along with fatty acid derivatives such as cis-jasmone, for up to 19 hours after treatment. Flowers were also examined for their emission of terpene volatiles prior to and after opening, and also in response to challenge by Japanese beetles. Opened and un-opened flowers constitutively emitted a blend of monoterpenes dominated by andamp;acirc;-pinene and cis-andamp;acirc;-ocimene. However, the emission levels of monoterpenes such as verbenone, geraniol, and citral, and sesquiterpenes such as andamp;acirc;-cubebene, andamp;aacute;-farnesene, and andamp;acirc;-caryophyllene were significantly elevated in the emissions of the beetle-challenged flowers. Three cDNAs corresponding to terpene synthase (TPS) genes expressed in young Magnolia leaves were isolated and the corresponding enzymes were functionally characterized in vitro. Recombinant Mg25 converted FPP (C15) predominantly to andamp;acirc;-cubebene, while Mg17 converted GPP (C5) to andamp;aacute;-terpineol. Efforts to functionally characterize Mg11 were unsuccessful. Transcript levels for all 3 genes were prominent in young leaf tissue and significantly elevated for Mg25 and Mg11 mRNAs in stamens. A putative N-terminal signal peptide of Mg17 targeted the reporter GFP protein to both chloroplasts and mitochondria when transiently expressed in epidermal cells of Nicotiana tabacum leaves. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that Mg25 and Mg11 belonged to the angiosperm sesquiterpene synthase subclass TPS-a, while Mg17 aligned more closely to the angiosperm monoterpene synthase subclass TPS-b. Unexpectedly, intron/exon organizations for the three Magnolia TPS genes were different from one another and from other well characterized terpene synthase gene sets. The Mg17 gene consists of 6 introns arranged in a manner similar to many other angiosperm sesquiterpene synthases, but Mg11 contains only 4 introns, and Mg25 has only a single intron near the 5 terminus of the gene. Our results suggest that much of the structural diversity observed in the Magnolia TPS genes may have occurred by means other than intron-loss from a common ancestor TPS gene. Costunolide is a sesquiterpene lactone widely recognized for its diverse biological activities, including its bitter taste in lettuces, and as a precursor to the more potent pharmacological agent parthenolide. A lettuce EST database was screened for cytochrome P450 genes that might be associated with sesquiterpene hydroxylation. Five ESTs were selected based on sequence similarity to known sesquiterpene hydroxylases and three of them (Ls7108, Ls3597 and Ls2101) were successfully amplified as fulllength cDNAs. To functionally characterize these cDNAs, they were co-expressed along with a germacrene A synthase and a cytochrome P450 reductase in yeast. Based on product profile comparisons between the three different lines to the control line, only the Ls7108-harboring line produced unique compounds. Neither of the other lines showed a new product peak. The more abundant, polar product generated by the Ls7108-containing line was purified and identified as a 12-acetoxy-germacrene by NMR analysis. In vitro studies using Ls7108 microsomal proteins did not yield the 12-acetoxy-germacrene A, but the putative germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol intermediate. Catalytic activity of the Ls7108 microsomal enzyme was NADPH, pH and time dependent. Our results demonstrate that Ls7108 is a lettuce cytochrome P450 which catalyzes the hydroxylation of a methyl group of the isopropenyl substituent of germacrene A, generating germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol, and that when this mono-hydroxylated sesquiterpene is synthesized in yeast, an endogenous yeast enzyme further modifies the germacrenol compound by acetylation of the alcohol group at the C-12 position.

Cheng Sze-Lok Alfred. / "March 2002." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-211). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Les pucerons sont considérés comme des ravageurs majeurs, dune part en raison de leur action directe sur le végétal, mais également en tant que vecteurs de nombreux virus phytopathogènes. A lheure actuelle, la lutte contre certaines espèces de pucerons, au moyen dinsecticides de synthèse, devient extrêmement difficile en raison de lapparition de populations résistantes. Le développement de nouveaux produits antiparasitaires, visant spécifiquement les pucerons, devient, par conséquent, hautement souhaitable. Dans ce contexte, nous avons choisi de nous intéresser aux enzymes de la famille des « short-chain » isoprényle diphosphate synthases (scIPPS). Ces enzymes constituent une classe de prényltransférases impliquées dans le métabolisme des isoprénoïdes. Cette classe comprend la géranyle diphosphate synthase, la farnésyle diphosphate synthase et la géranylgéranyle diphosphate synthase qui respectivement synthétise le géranyle diphosphate (GPP, C10), le farnésyle diphosphate (FPP, C15), et le géranylgéranyle diphosphate (GGPP, C20). Nous avons cloné chez le puceron un nouveau type de scIPPS. Contrairement à d'autres scIPPS connues, lenzyme recombinante du puceron affiche une activité bifonctionnelle ; cette dernière étant capable de synthétiser à la fois le GPP, le précurseur commun des monoterpènes, mais également le FPP, le précurseur des sesquiterpènes. Chez les pucerons, ces deux précurseurs sont supposés jouer un rôle clé dans la biosynthèse de l'hormone juvénile et des phéromones d'alarme et sexuelle. Dans le but de fournir une explication structurelle à la bifonctionnalité observée chez la GPP/FPP synthase de puceron, nous avons entrepris de résoudre sa structure tridimensionnelle en se basant sur les structures cristallographiques du poulet. Plusieurs mutants ont été ensuite conçus et caractérisés.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2009. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Orientador: Edgard Graner / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T18:26:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moreira_FernandadosSantos_M.pdf: 1478167 bytes, checksum: 57f6f26580823a79292af5a274beaa2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A ácido graxo sintase (FASN) é a principal enzima envolvida na lipogênese neoplásica e apontada como uma oncoproteína metabólica por favorecer o crescimento e sobrevivência das células tumorais, nas quais sua expressão é em geral elevada. Vários são os compostos capazes de inibir a atividade de FASN, dentre eles o orlistat (Xenical®), que possui efeitos antineoplásicos em cânceres de mama e próstata e nos melanomas. O carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) representa aproximadamente 90% de todas as neoplasias malignas que acometem a cavidade oral, sendo diagnosticado em estágios avançados em grande parte dos casos. Nestes pacientes, geralmente com metástases, é realizada uma abordagem sistêmica com agentes quimioterápicos como a cisplatina, o 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) e o paclitaxel, de maneira isolada ou combinada. Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar in vitro se cisplatina, 5-FU ou paclitaxel potencializam o efeito antitumoral do orlistat no CEC oral. Para isto, células de CEC de língua altamente metastáticas (SCC-9 LN1) foram tratadas com estas drogas isoladamente ou combinadas com orlistat e avaliadas com relação às taxas de apoptose e necrose, progressão do ciclo celular e secreção de VEGFA e VEGFA165b. As maiores taxas de apoptose foram encontradas com o uso da combinação de orlistat com paclitaxel, após 48 horas de tratamento. Com relação ao ciclo celular, houve acúmulo de células na fase S com a combinação de orlistat com cisplatina e na fase G2 com a combinação de orlistat com paclitaxel. O tratamento das células SCC-9 LN1 com os agentes quimioterápicos reduziu a secreção dos fatores VEGFA e VEGFA165b, em comparação ao tratamento com orlistat isolado ou em combinação. Em conjunto, estes resultados mostram a existência de sinergismo na combinação de orlistat com paclitaxel com evidente potencialização do efeito pró-apoptótico nas células derivadas de CEC oral metastático / Abstract: Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is the main enzyme involved in the neoplastic lipogenesis. The expression of FASN is elevated in many tumor cells, suggesting a role as a metabolic oncoprotein, with the ability to promote growth and survival of tumor cells. There are several compounds that inhibit FASN activity, including orlistat. Orlistat has evident antineoplastic effects in breast and prostate cancers, as well as melanomas. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), corresponds to approximately 90% of all cancers that affect the oral cavity, and is diagnosed in advanced stages in most cases. Distant metastases of OSCC are systemically treated with chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and paclitaxel. This study aims to investigate the in vitro antitumor effect of orlistat combined with cisplatin, 5-FU and/or paclitaxel in OSSC cells. Highly metastatic tongues squamous cell carcinoma cells (SCC-9-LN1) were treated with these drugs separately or combined with orlistat, in concentrations close to their respective IC50. Next, the cultures were evaluated regarding the rates of cell death (apoptosis and necrosis), cell cycle progression and the secretion VEGFA and VEGFA165b. The highest rate of apoptosis was observed with the combination of orlistat and paclitaxel, after 48 hours of treatment. Cell cycle analysis assay demonstrate as an accumulation of cells SCC-9 LN1 in the S phase, after incubation with the combination of orlistat with cisplatin, and in the G2 phase with orlistat plus paclitaxel. The 5-FU alone, promoted accumulation of cells in the G1/S. Additionally, secretion of VEGFA and was VEGFA165b was inhibited in SCC-9-LN1cells by the combined treatments. These results demonstrate the synergism existence of the mixture orlistat and paclitaxel with potentiation of their pro-apoptotic effects in SCC-9 LN1 cells / Mestrado / Estomatologia / Mestra em Estomatopatologia

Abstract Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John’s wort) is a medicinal plant widely utilized for the treatment of depression. The antidepressant activity is mainly attributed to the phenolic compounds hypericins and hyperforins, which also have a wide range of other pharmacologically interesting properties. The biosynthetic routes leading to hypericins and hyperforins are poorly understood, although a polyketide pathway including type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) has been suggested to be involved. Furthermore, a gene called hyp-1 is assumed to attend to the final stages of the hypericin biosynthesis. In the present work, the biosynthesis of hypericins and hyperforins in H. perforatum was further studied by focusing on the elucidation of the precursors and genes involved. The incorporation of isotopically labelled branched-chain amino acids into hyperforins was investigated as well as the possibilities to enhance the production of hyperforins in H. perforatum in vitro cultures by feeding them with amino acid precursors. Furthermore, two novel cDNAs encoding for type III PKSs were isolated from H. perforatum. The functions of these new genes, designated HpPKS1 and HpPKS2, as well as the role of hyp-1 were elucidated by comparing their expression with the levels of hypericins and hyperforins in H. perforatum tissues. The enzymatic activity of the recombinant HpPKS2 protein was also analyzed. To study Hyp-1 at a protein level, a protein extraction method was optimized for tissues of Hypericum species. The results show the incorporation of valine and isoleucine into the acyl side chain of hyperforin and adhyperforin, respectively. Through the biotransformation of the amino acid precursors, it is possible to enhance the levels of adhyperforin, but not hyperforin, in H. perforatum shoot cultures, which demonstrates the tight regulation of the hyperforin biosynthesis. A correlation between HpPKS1 expression and hyperforins was detected in H. perforatum tissues. The localization of HpPKS2 mRNA in dark glands in which hypericins accumulate as well as the octaketide synthase activity of the recombinant HpPKS2 suggest that HpPKS2 is associated with possible co-operating tailoring enzymes in the biosynthesis of hypericins. The presence of both hyp-1 mRNA and Hyp-1 protein in distinct places compared with hypericins in H. perforatum tissues does not support the idea that Hyp-1 would be involved in the biosynthesis of hypericins in dark glands, although mobility of the Hyp-1 protein was shown to be possible. The present thesis extends knowledge about the biosynthesis of hypericins and hyperforins in H. perforatum by providing new candidate genes for their biosynthesis and by identifying precursors for hyperforins. Moreover, new information was obtained about the role of hyp-1 in H. perforatum.

The diversity of biosynthetic pathways in prokaryotes and eukaryotes has led to numerous bioactive natural products (NPs) which occupy a vast chemical space. Despite the current challenges in NP research, these molecules are still relevant today as they are a major source of human medicine as well as being useful biological tools. The elucidation of their biosynthetic pathways has also provided information about the biochemical and biophysical properties of fascinating enzyme families such as the α- oxoamine synthases (AOSs). The AOSs are an expanding group of pyridoxal 5’- phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes, which are involved in the biosynthesis of several important NP, including those essential for life. This study reports the characterization and structural analysis of a unique AOS denoted as TamD from Pseudoalteromonas tunicata. This enzyme plays a major role in tambjamine biosynthesis and consists of both an acyl carrier protein (ACP) domain and a PLP-binding catalytic domain. UV/vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) of the recombinant TamD purified from E. coli revealed that the enzyme forms a Schiff base with PLP via Lys380, which is responsible for its characteristic yellow colour. It binds L-serine as a natural substrate with a Kd of 5.01 ± 0.64 mM. This thesis also reports structural data for TamD from xray crystallography at a resolution of 4.98 Å, which shows four molecules in the asymmetric unit (ASU) suggesting the enzyme exist as a dimer. The absence of the Nterminal region where the ACP domain is located in the crystal strucuture also suggests intrinsic flexibility and disorder within that region. With the increasing demand for new anti-infective therapies, investigations of the molecular interactions between NPs and their protein targets are vital in understanding the inhibition or activation properties of these molecules. The cysteine transpeptidases known as sortases produced by Gram positive bacteria have been identified as attractive targets for NP inhibitors. In this thesis, the molecular basis for the inhibition of Streptococcus mutans sortase A (SrtA) by the plant flavonoid, trans-chalcone is explored, using a combination of MS, enzyme kinetics, molecular modelling and x-ray crystallography. This study reports the first high resolution crystal structure of the H139A mutant of S. mutans SrtA, which reveals a unique N-terminal α-helix domain. Trans-chalcone was found to inhibit the in vitro activity of S. mutans SrtA in a slow, tight–binding manner, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5.0 ± 0.6 μM. The interaction resulted in a covalent adduct with the active site cysteine residue (Cys205) via a Michael addition mechanism. Additionally, trans-chalcone showed evidence of S. mutans anti-biofilm activity in a concentration dependent manner up to 250 μM with an efficacy cut-off point at higher concentations. These results indicate that chalcone flavonoids are worth further investigation as potential antibiofilm inhibitors. A renewed interest in plant NPs has also led to a collaborative investigation on the antimicrobial potential of garlic-derived allicin, against Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), the major bacterial phytopathogen for alliums and an intrinsically multiresistant and life-threatening human pathogen. Allicin is the principal antibacterial agent in fresh preparations of garlic extracts. This investigation reports the first evidence that allicin and allicin-contaning garlic extracts possess inhibitory and bactericidal activities against Bcc. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of aqueous garlic extract (AGE) against 38 Bcc isolates ranged from 0.5 to 3% (v/v). An investigation into the possible molecular mechanisms of allicin with a recombinant thiol-dependent peroxiredoxin (BCP) from B. cenocepacia revealed that allicin and AGE modify an essential BCP catalytic cysteine residue and suggests a role for allicin as a general electrophilic reagent that targets protein thiols. Present therapeutic options against these life-threatening pathogens are limited; thus, allicin-containing compounds merit further investigation as adjuncts to existing antibiotics.

No description available.

Orientador: Edgard Graner / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T15:46:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_LucianaYamamotode_D.pdf: 2870342 bytes, checksum: 136928121fd9ee8f8c8b29bf904ee111 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) é a neoplasia epitelial maligna mais frequente na cavidade oral, que pode apresentar vários graus de diferenciação escamosa e emite metástases em linfonodos regionais precocemente. Ocorre predominantemente na quinta e sexta décadas de vida em pacientes etilistas e tabagistas. O prognóstico é dependente do tamanho do tumor primário e da presença de linfonodos positivos e/ou metástases à distância no momento do diagnóstico. A cirurgia é a principal modalidade terapêutica para o CEC oral, no entanto, em estágios avançados, os pacientes são incluídos em protocolos radioterápicos e quimioradioterápicos. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatina (CDDP) e paclitaxel (PTX) são drogas usadas em regimes quimioterapêuticos de várias neoplasias, dentre as quais o CEC oral. Entretanto, independente da modalidade de tratamento, a taxa de sobrevida global em 5 anos ainda está próxima a 50%. Diversos estudos mostram que a enzima metabólica ácido graxo sintase (FASN), responsável pela biossíntese endógena de ácidos graxos de cadeia longa, apresenta expressão aumentada em neoplasias malignas, incluindo o CEC oral, no qual está aparentemente associada a um pior prognóstico. Orlistat (ORL) é uma droga antiobesidade que também possui propriedades antineoplásicas por inibir de maneira irreversivel FASN. Em nosso laboratório, demonstramos que os camundongos BALB/c nude inoculados de maneira ortotópica com células SCC-9 ZsGreen LN1 e tratados com ORL apresentam CECs de língua menores e redução significativa (43%) no número de metástases para linfonodos cervicais. Até o momento, não existem estudos investigando o efeito de ORL como adjuvante nos protocolos de quimioterapia em uso clínico. Portanto, no presente trabalho, investigamos os efeitos da associação de ORL com 5-FU, CDDP e PTX, em seus respectivos IC50, na linhagem celular metastática SCC-9 ZsGreen LN1, sobre a proliferação, morte, migração (em monocamada e em transwell) e invasão celular. As combinações ORL + CDDP (OC) e ORL + PTX (OP) foram as únicas capazes de aumentar significativamente os índices apoptóticos em 48 h de tratamento, o que foi precedido por acúmulo das células nas fases S e G2/M do ciclo celular, respectivamente. A terapia ORL + 5-FU (OF) não foi capaz de induzir alterações significativas na progressão do ciclo ou na morte celular. OP reduziu a expressão de ciclina B1, mas sem causar alterações significativas em CDK1 ou na fosfatase Cdc25C, os quais constituem complexos proteicos envolvidos diretamente na transição G2/M. Já OC, apesar de não alterar os níveis proteicos de CDK1, reduziu a expressão de ciclina B1 e de Cdc25C. OC e OP aumentaram a expressão de FASN mas não alteraram significativamente os níveis do receptor ERBB2, envolvido na regulação desta enzima. O fenótipo invasivo foi reduzido pelo tratamento com OC e OP, mas a capacidade migratória das células foi alterada principalmente pela ação de PTX. Em conjunto, estes achados sugerem que as combinações OC e OP têm efeitos sinérgicos nas células metastáticas SCC-9 ZsGreen LN-1 e potencial aplicação no tratamento de CECs orais / Abstract: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent malignant epithelial tumor of the oral cavity, which presents variable degree of squamous differentiation and early regional lymph node metastases. It is most frequent in alcohol and tobacco users at the fifth and sixth decades of life. The prognosis of oral SCC depends on the size of the primary tumor, presence of positive lymph nodes and / or distant metastases at the moment of diagnosis. Surgery is the main treatment modality of choice for oral SCC, however, in advanced stages, patients are included in radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy protocols. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin (CDDP) and paclitaxel (PTX) are used in chemotherapeutic regimens of several neoplasms, including OSCC. However, regardless the treatment modality, the overall 5-year survival rate is approximately 50%. Several studies demonstrate that the metabolic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN), responsible for the endogenous biosynthesis of long-chain fatty acids, is highly expressed in malignant neoplasms, including oral SCC, in which it seems to be associated with a worse prognosis. Orlistat (ORL) is an anti-obesity drug that also has antineoplastic properties by irreversibly inhibiting FASN. In our laboratory, we previously demonstrated that BALB/c nude mice orthotopically inoculated with SCC-9 ZsGreen LN1 cells and treated with ORL have smaller primary tumors as well as significant less cervical lymph node metastases (43%). To date, there are no studies investigating the effect of ORL as an adjuvant for chemotherapy of OSCC. In the present study, we describe the effects of ORL combined with 5-FU, CDDP and PTX at their respective IC50 on proliferation, death, migration and invasion on metastatic SCC-9 ZsGreen LN-1 cells. ORL + CDDP (OC) and ORL + PTX (OP) significantly increased apoptosis after 48 h, which was preceded by the accumulation of cells in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle, respectively. ORL + 5-FU therapy (OF) did not change cell cycle progression or cell death. OP decreased cyclin B1 production without significant changes in CDK1 and Cdc25C levels, which are responsible for G2/M transition. Although CDK1 were not changed by OC, this combination reduced the expression of cyclin B1 and Cdc25C. OC and OP increased FASN but not changed ERBB2, a cell surface receptor involved in the regulation of the former. The invasive phenotype was reduced by treatment with OC and OP, however, PTX was the main drug responsible for the inhibition of cell migration. Together, these findings suggest that OC and OP combinations show synergistic effects in the metastatic SCC-9 ZsGreen LN-1 cells and may have potential application for the oral SCC treatment / Doutorado / Patologia / Doutora em Estomatopatologia