L'analyse du contenu devient une nécessité pour l'accès et l'utilisation de l'information en particulier dans le domaine de la didactique des disciplines. Nous proposons un système SRIDOP d'annotations sémantiques et d'indexation des documents pédagogiques à partir des annotations, en se basant sur la méthode d'Exploration Contextuelle qui, à un identificateur linguistique d'un concept, associe une annotation d'un segment en tenant compte d'indices contextuels gérés par des règles. SRIDOP est composé de quatre modules consécutifs : (1)Segmentation automatique des documents en paragraphes et phrases ; (2) annotation selon différents points de vue de fouille (exemple: identification de définitions, exemples, exercices, etc.) en se basant sur une ontologie linguistique de concepts associés à un point de vue de fouille (carte sémantique) et de ressources linguistiques (indicateurs de concepts, indices linguistiques et règles d'Exploration Contextuelle) ; (3) extraction d'objets pédagogiques ; (4) constitution de fiches pédagogiques exploitables par les utilisateurs. SRIDOP est évalué et comparé à d'autres systèmes. / Content analysis is a need for access and use of information especially in the field of didactics. We propose a system SRIDOP of semantic annotations and indexing of learning objects from these annotations, based on the Contextual Exploration method, that associate annotation of a segment to a linguistic identifier of a concept, taking into account contextual clues managed by rules. SRIDOP is composed of four consecutive modules: (1) Automatic segmentation of documents into paragraphs and sentences; (2) annotation from different points of view of search (eg identification of definitions, examples, exercises, etc..) based on a linguistic ontology of concepts associated with a point of view of search (semantic map) and linguistic resources (indicators of concepts, linguistic clues and contextual exploration rules); (3) extraction of learning objects, (4) establishment of learning sheets exploitable by users. SRIDOP is evaluated and compared to other systems.

This thesis presents work done during the last ten years on developing five multimodal spoken dialogue systems, and the empirical user studies that have been conducted with them. The dialogue systems have been multimodal, giving information both verbally with animated talking characters and graphically on maps and in text tables. To be able to study a wider rage of user behaviour each new system has been in a new domain and with a new set of interactional abilities. The five system presented in this thesis are: The Waxholm system where users could ask about the boat traffic in the Stockholm archipelago; the Gulan system where people could retrieve information from the Yellow pages of Stockholm; the August system which was a publicly available system where people could get information about the author Strindberg, KTH and Stockholm; the AdAptsystem that allowed users to browse apartments for sale in Stockholm and the Pixie system where users could help ananimated agent to fix things in a visionary apartment publicly available at the Telecom museum in Stockholm. Some of the dialogue systems have been used in controlled experiments in laboratory environments, while others have been placed inpublic environments where members of the general public have interacted with them. All spoken human-computer interactions have been transcribed and analyzed to increase our understanding of how people interact verbally with computers, and to obtain knowledge on how spoken dialogue systems canutilize the regularities found in these interactions. This thesis summarizes the experiences from building these five dialogue systems and presents some of the findings from the analyses of the collected dialogue corpora. / QC 20100611

Advances in computing and wireless communication technologies have increased interest in smart vehicles, vehicles equipped with significant computing, communication and sensing capabilities to provide services to travelers. Smart vehicles can be exploited to improve driving safety and comfort as well as optimize surface transportation systems. Wireless communications among vehicles and between vehicles and roadside infrastructures represent an important class of vehicle communications. One can envision creating an integrated radio network leveraging various wireless technologies that work together in a seamless fashion. Based on cost-performance tradeoffs, different network configurations may be appropriate for different environments. An understanding of the properties of different vehicular network architectures is absolutely necessary before services can be successfully deployed. Based on this understanding, efficient data services (e.g., data dissemination services) can be designed to accommodate application requirements. This thesis examines several research topics concerning both the evaluation and design of vehicular networks. We explore the properties of vehicle-to-vehicle (v2v) communications. We study the spatial propagation of information along the road using v2v communications. Our analysis identifies the vehicle traffic characteristics that significantly affect information propagation. We also evaluate the feasibility of propagating information along a highway. Several design alternatives exist to build infrastructure-based vehicular networks. Their characteristics have been evaluated in a realistic vehicular environment. Based on these evaluations, we have developed some insights into the design of future broadband vehicular networks capable of adapting to varying vehicle traffic conditions. Based on the above analysis, opportunistic forwarding that exploit vehicle mobility to overcome vehicular network partitioning appears to be a viable approach for data dissemination using v2v communications for applications that can tolerate some data loss and delay. We introduce a methodology to design enhanced opportunistic forwarding algorithms. Practical algorithms derived from this methodology have exhibited different performance/overhead tradeoffs. An in-depth understanding of wireless communication performance in a vehicular environment is necessary to provide the groundwork for realizing reliable mobile communication services. We have conducted an extensive set of field experiments to uncover the performance of short-range communications between vehicles and between vehicles and roadside stations in a specific highway scenario.

L’organisation des connaissances est une discipline investie par des bibliothécaires, documentalistes, archivistes spécialistes de l’information, informaticiens et tous professionnels de documents. Elle englobe toutes activités, études et recherches qui élaborent et traitent les processus d’organisation et de présentation des ressources documentaires utiles dans une organisation. Dans ce contexte, le projet ANR Miipa-Doc a pour objectifs d’explorer des nouvelles méthodes d’indexation ascendantes, en utilisant des termes descripteurs formulés par les individus plutôt que choisis parmi une liste préétablie, pour l’organisation des contenus documentaires complexes au sein des entreprises de large taille, et concevoir l’architecture logicielle correspondante.Dans ce projet notre contribution consiste à gérer l’hétérogénéité d’un système d’information d’organisation des contenus documentaires, basé sur une approche orientée métier et un SOC (système d’organisation des connaissances) folksonomique à facette. Nous proposons dans cette gestion une approche incrémentale dirigée par les modèles, issue de l’IDM (ingénierie dirigée par les modèles), basée sur des méta-modèles pour garantir l’aspect d’évolutivité. Après l’implémentation du prototype HyperTaging qui met en place ces deux approches, nous proposons un processus d’évaluation permet de positionner ce prototype et tous SI de classification documentaire dans l’environnement des ECM, en se basant sur des critères d’évaluation fins et particuliers. / The knowledge organization is invested by librarians, archivists, information specialists, IT professionals and all discipline of document. It includes all activities, studies and research which develop and treat organization process and presentation of relevant information resources in an organization. In this context the Miipa-Doc project aims to explore new ascendants indexing methods, using descriptors made by individuals rather than selected given list for complex contained in the organization document, in large size companies, and design the corresponding software architecture.Our contribution in this project is to manage the heterogeneity of an information system of document organization, based on a business-oriented approach and a KOS (knowledge organization system) of folksonomy facet. We propose an incremental approach this management model driven, outcome of MDE (Model Driven Engineering), based on meta-models to ensure scalability appearance. After implementing the HyperTaging prototype, that implements both approaches, we propose an evaluation process used to position the prototype and all IS of documentary classification in the environment of ECM based on purposes of delicate and particular evaluation criteria.

L’organisation des connaissances est une discipline investie par des bibliothécaires, documentalistes, archivistes spécialistes de l’information, informaticiens et tous professionnels de documents. Elle englobe toutes activités, études et recherches qui élaborent et traitent les processus d’organisation et de présentation des ressources documentaires utiles dans une organisation. Dans ce contexte, le projet ANR Miipa-Doc a pour objectifs d’explorer des nouvelles méthodes d’indexation ascendantes, en utilisant des termes descripteurs formulés par les individus plutôt que choisis parmi une liste préétablie, pour l’organisation des contenus documentaires complexes au sein des entreprises de large taille, et concevoir l’architecture logicielle correspondante.Dans ce projet notre contribution consiste à gérer l’hétérogénéité d’un système d’information d’organisation des contenus documentaires, basé sur une approche orientée métier et un SOC (système d’organisation des connaissances) folksonomique à facette. Nous proposons dans cette gestion une approche incrémentale dirigée par les modèles, issue de l’IDM (ingénierie dirigée par les modèles), basée sur des méta-modèles pour garantir l’aspect d’évolutivité. Après l’implémentation du prototype HyperTaging qui met en place ces deux approches, nous proposons un processus d’évaluation permet de positionner ce prototype et tous SI de classification documentaire dans l’environnement des ECM, en se basant sur des critères d’évaluation fins et particuliers. / The knowledge organization is invested by librarians, archivists, information specialists, IT professionals and all discipline of document. It includes all activities, studies and research which develop and treat organization process and presentation of relevant information resources in an organization. In this context the Miipa-Doc project aims to explore new ascendants indexing methods, using descriptors made by individuals rather than selected given list for complex contained in the organization document, in large size companies, and design the corresponding software architecture.Our contribution in this project is to manage the heterogeneity of an information system of document organization, based on a business-oriented approach and a KOS (knowledge organization system) of folksonomy facet. We propose an incremental approach this management model driven, outcome of MDE (Model Driven Engineering), based on meta-models to ensure scalability appearance. After implementing the HyperTaging prototype, that implements both approaches, we propose an evaluation process used to position the prototype and all IS of documentary classification in the environment of ECM based on purposes of delicate and particular evaluation criteria.

Every organization, that wants to be competitive in the market, must constantly improve and find new, better and smarter procedures of individual processes. This thesis describes and analyses the existing quality management system of the suppliers selection and evaluation process in the medium sized engineering company. The work contains recommendations and suggestions for possible improvements of the system.

This thesis aimed to investigate the determinants of system satisfaction and the intention to systematically integrate a system from a continuous use perspective, where system use is mandatory. For this purpose, two identical questionnaires were distributed to collect data, 15 months apart. Respondents taking part in this study are healthcare multi-professionals who pertain to a work-group at an intensive care unit, at a large Swedish hospital. To evaluate the questionnaire data a research model was conceptualized, grounded in prior information system continuance research. It is also significantly influenced by the UMISC metamodel, conceptualized and suggested by Hadji & Degoulet (2016). The collected data was then analyzed using a two-stage analysis where one aspect was comparative, i.e., a comparison of the data between the two questionnaires, and the other was explorative, wherein research model constructs and their relations were evaluated. This analysis provided significant insight into the determinants of system satisfaction. However, regarding the determinants of the intention to systematically integrate as well as the research model itself, neither could be validated in this study. Nevertheless, these results allowed for a modified model to be conceptualized, with potentially promising results.

Cette recherche exploratoire sur l’équité socio-économique de confort pédagogique vise à comprendre la problématique du faible rendement du système scolaire des Seychelles. Elle met l’accent sur l’équité du système en se basant sur la performance scolaire des élèves au sein des écoles primaires et secondaires aux Seychelles. L’objectif est de faire un état de lieu de l’équité socio-économique de confort pédagogique aux Seychelles. Ainsi à partir d’un corpus de 74 textes constitués pour l’essentiel de rapports ministériels nous avons réalisé une analyse documentaire (Cellard, 1997 ; Gauthier, 2009 ; Poupart et al., 1997) qui a permis de dégager quelques caractéristiques de la situation de l’école Seychelloise par rapport à la mise en œuvre de l’équité. Une analyse de la quantité et la qualité des enseignants, des stratégies pédagogiques déployées en salle de classe et l’évaluation des apprentissages montre que le système éducatif Seychellois a encore du chemin à faire pour couvrir convenablement les attentes en matière d’équité socio-économique de confort pédagogique, envisagée sous l’angle de la conceptualisation de Sall et De Ketele (1997). Ce constat majeur d’une faiblesse plus générale du système éducatif Seychellois par rapport à cette forme d’équité nous a amenée à faire diverses recommandations, tant en ce qui concerne les directions d’établissement qui devraient réajuster les politiques en matière d’équité ; mais aussi en direction du personnel enseignant plus large, incluant leurs formateurs, appelés à traduire en actes concrets l’équité en classe et dans les relations avec les élèves. Celui-ci comme on le verra requiert à la fois un travail de différenciation pour soutenir et accompagner les élèves en fonction de leurs besoins d’apprentissage, mais aussi un travail de régulation et d’ajustement continue des stratégies d’enseignement et d’évaluation pour les aligner sur une norme de justice sociale. / This exploratory research on socio-economic equity of educational comfort aims to understand the problem related to the low performance of the Seychelles educational system. It emphasizes the fairness of the system based on the academic performance of students in primary and secondary schools in Seychelles. The aim is to assess the socio-economic equity of educational comfort in the Seychelles. Thus, from a corpus of 74 texts comprised mainly of ministerial reports, we carried out a documentary analysis (Cellard, 1997; Gauthier, 2009; Poupart et al., 1997) which made it possible to identify some characteristics of the situation regarding schools in Seychelles in relation to the implementation of equity. An analysis of the quantity and quality of teachers, of the pedagogical strategies deployed in the classroom and how students are being assessed shows that the Seychelles education system still has a few milestones to cover adequately the expectations in terms of socio-economic equity of pedagogical comfort, considered from the angle of the conceptualization of Sall and De Ketele (1997). This major finding in regards to the general weakness of the Seychelles education system in relation to this form of equity led us to make various recommendations both towards the school administrators who should readjust policies in place based on equity, also the teaching staff, including their education trainer, who are called upon to translate equity in their classrooms and the way they interact with their students. As we will see, this requires applying differentiation techniques to support and accompany the students according to their learning needs, and also it involves that teachers regulate and continuously adjust their teaching and evaluation strategies to align with a standard of social justice.

Orientador: Maria Márcia Sigrist Malavasi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T16:10:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cosso_DanielaCristinadeMenezes_M.pdf: 9925979 bytes, checksum: d9de34ba3bb5509bcfd1344fa5c92a7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O estudo e a análise da organização do trabalho pedagógico em escolas com alto IDESP (Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação do Estado de São Paulo) parece-nos um caminho importante para compreender a qualidade de ensino inserida nessas escolas e como alcançam elevados índices nos indicadores de avaliações externas. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa surgiu do interesse em investigar o trabalho pedagógico de uma instituição escolar com resultados acima da média nos índices de educação. O estudo teve como objetivo estudar e analisar a organização do trabalho pedagógico em uma escola dos anos iniciais de Ensino Fundamental da rede estadual do estado de São Paulo com alto IDESP, identificando fatores intra e extraescolares que podem levar a escola a obter resultados diferenciados no desempenho de seus alunos. O critério para a escolha da unidade escolar foi o fato de estar entre as primeiras colocadas nas escolas da rede estadual (Anos Iniciais), através do IDESP, alcançando desde 2008, notas acima das metas estipuladas pelo mesmo índice. A escolha metodológica foi a abordagem qualitativa e considerando o fenômeno estudado, optou-se pelo estudo de caso. Os dados coletados por meio de levantamento e estudo documental, aplicação de questionários com questões abertas e fechadas, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação foram trabalhados por meio da análise de conteúdo, com as seguintes dimensões analíticas: fatores sociofamiliares; práticas avaliativas; gestão escolar; e, conteúdos escolares. Os fatores extraescolares e intraescolares encontrados na escola pesquisada que podem influenciar nas notas das avaliações externas foram: nível socioeconômico alto da clientela escolar; rigidez, regras e disciplina no modo de gestão; treino para os testes; prática avaliativa na perspectiva tradicional, entre outros. / Abstract: The study and analysis regarding the organization of the pedagogic work from schools with a high IDESP (State of São Paulo's Index of Education Development) appears to be an important way to comprehend which qualities of the education are inserted into these schools and how they are able to reach such high index values on the external evaluation. In this contest, the current research was created due to the desire of exploring the pedagogical work of an institution with results above average in the education indexes. The objective of the study is to analyze the organization of the pedagogic work in a school that belongs to the Estate of São Paulo and presented a high IDESP, identifying elements that may lead the students to perform better. Furthermore, as a secondary objective, intra and extra school factors were investigated and analyzed, which could be modifying the results. The criteria to select the school unit was the fact that it had to be ranked amongst the best Estadual schools, considering the IDESP, reaching since 2008 grades above the targets set by the index. The methodological choice was the qualitative approach, and as the studied phenomenon has been shown a complex nature, the case study was the option chosen. The data collected by surveys and documental study, application of questionnaires containing open and closed questions, semi structured interviews and observation were processed by the content analysis, and encompassed analytical dimensions: educational evaluation, school management, school contents and social and familiar factors. The extra and intra school factors found at the chosen school that could be influencing the grades of the external evaluation are: high socioeconomic levels of the school clientele; strict rules and discipline regarding the management of the school; practice for the tests; traditional evaluation methods, and so on. / Mestrado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Mestra em Educação

This master thesis deals with the pavement management system as a tool for a management and maintenance of the roads in the Liberec region. The aim is to collect road failures within the network pavement management system level on roads of 2nd and 3rd class. The resulting data will be used for evaluate pavement condition and make plans of pavement maintenance and rehabilitation in variants. Furthermore, the thesis deals with individual variants in the process of data evaluation when evaluating their suitability and accuracy. The theoretical part summarises the information needed to understand the functioning of the road management system, as well as a description of the software used to collect and subsequent work with the data. In the practical part are presented results of the thesis and moreover the questions arising from the goals set are answered.