Previous studies proposed that Neandertals had one third higher energetic cost of locomotion than anatomically modern humans. Greater cost of locomotion could disadvantage Neandertals in competition with anatomically modern humans and could be a factor in their extinction. Greater cost of Neandertal locomotion was ascribed to their shorter lower limb and greater body mass. However, Neandertals differed also in other morphological parameters that were not considered in estimation of their locomotor cost. In this dissertation we model locomotor cost of Neandertals and anatomically modern humans using previously described relation between muscle force production and energetic cost of movement. We estimate the key locomotor parameters using a model developed by us from osteometric data from literature (n =50) and from our measurement (n = 21), and from kinematic data of 26 individuals. Further, we analyze the effect of relative lower limb length (in relation to body mass) and crural index on energetic cost of locomotion. Our results suggest that walking of Neandertal males was 9-14% energetically more demanding than walking of anatomically modern males. Nevertheless, the walking cost of Neandertal females was similar to that of anatomically modern females. Inclusion of lower limb proportions into the...

The proposed thesis deals with the topic of body language in visual art and with understanding of body language as synergy of the innermost experience and the experience of the bodily form. The theoretical part of the thesis analyses psychological, anthropological and art historical literature published both in the Czech Republic and abroad. The point of departure for the theoretical part is the concept of interconnectedness of sensory perception, its cognitive analysis and the ensuing answer to the environment, focusing especially on the subjective character of these processes. In the practical part of the proposed thesis, an educational art project is designed, based on the results of the theoretical study in the first part and impulses from contemporary visual art (Eva Koťátková, Erwin Wurm, Miriam Cabessa and others). The aim of the educational part is to observe the processes mentioned above, concentrating especially on the creative expression through an artistic action and the experience of the individual.

The thesis tries to process a topic of bodybuilding phenomenon in the wider context of the ideal body formation in modern age. Bodybuilding is understood as a specific socio-cultural phenomenon closely tied to a modern society and its historical development. Beyond the bodybuilding the work also deals with an analysis of the contemporary social body theory with focus on the domestic discourse and subsequently also with an analysis of discursive formation modern physicality from the Enlightenment till the 20th century. The main focus is put on the understanding of changes characteristic for the modern society in context of the modernisation project continuity. The objective is to describe a history of bodybuilding within the outlined process of modernization, as well as to compare various alternative conception of the ideal of physicality in the "Fordism Modernity", where a special attention is focused on the analysis of bio political discourse in Communist dictatorship. The remaining part processes a historical development of the bodybuilding movement in Czechoslovakia, where the main emphasis is put on placing the Czechoslovakia bodybuilding into the postulated concept, including individual historical events. Key words: Social history; Bodybuilding; Social Theory; History of the Body; Subculture;...

Title: Changes in the locomotor apparatus due to an injury with permanent consequences Objectives: The aime of the diploma thesis is to define changes in motor system of chosen persons after injury using classic methods often used in physiotherapy. In addition, it presents some of the options of therapy and self-therapy, education and reeducation in the area of the client's behavior towards his health. Methods: This diploma thesis is formed with use of qualitative research. It is a pilot study focused on five persons with permanent consequences in motor system. The content of examination is an anamnesis, an ori- entational static examination, an examination of shortened muscles, en examination of muscle strenght, an evaluation of posture and body distances. All above were meassured every 3 - 4 months, when the changes in body posture due to premanent consequences are ob- served. Results: All data are processed using tables and graphs. Results has shown an improvement in all clients in different degree. Improvement in postu- re and activation of coremuscles. Excercises also improved stere- otype in breathing. Study has also shown importance of clienťs active cooperation to achieve the best results. Keywords: Locomotor apparatus, injury, permanent consequences, physical activities, hypoactivity, type...

This master's thesis deal with the ability to maintain trunk stability in paraplegic patients in the relation to the functional skills of upper extremity. Its aim is to determine the extent to which posture influences grip strength in these persons. It consists of two parts. The first part includes introduction of the spinal cord injury and findings of the mechanisms and functional significance of the torso in relation to posture and everyday activities. Further, it presents the possibilities of utilization and different ways of measurement of grip strength in clinical practice. In the second part, the results of the measurement of grip strength in paraplegic persons in three different positions - lying on the back and in two different sitting positions - are analyzed. The measurements were undertaken using a dynamometer. It was measured twice, always after one week period. All patients attend the standard therapy provided by the Spinal Unit in the University Hospital in Motol, where they have been also hospitalized in that time. The results refer to certain dependency of gripstrength of upper extremity to posture in paraplegic persons. This was proved within the comparison of values from sitting position with back support and without back support. In the first named position were reached higher...

The intact development of postural functions is the condition for the posture. The muscles are automatically integrated into the posture by maturing of the central nervous system. Together with the postural function of the phasic muscles the morphology of the skeleton matures too. The target of this work is to prove the influence of the muscles onto the morphology of the hip joint - femoral neck anteversion. Point to the cohesion of clinical symptoms of the bigger femoral neck anteversion. The results of the clinical survey compare with the ultrasound of the hip joint. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The aim of this study was to assess the dependency between asymmetrical weight bearing on posture. A further aim is to objectify asymmetrical weight bearing of lower limbs and asymmetrical step length while walking with the use of "Balance Master" and also to assess possibilities of usage of "Balance Master" for testing motor functions of preschool aged children. The study discusses notions such as optimal body posture, deficient body posture, and body asymmetry. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Předkládaná disertační práce je zaměřena na \uv{Modelování propagačního kanálu pro off-body komunikaci v oblasti milimetrových vln}. Navzdory pokrokům v rámci bezdrátových sítí v přímé blízkosti člověka stále systémy 5. generace postrádají dostatečnou šířku pásma a dostatečně nízkou odezvu. To je způsobeno neefektivním využíváním rádiového spektra. Tento nedostatek je potřeba co nejdříve odstranit a právě z tohoto důvodu je hlavním cílem této práce navrhnout vylepšený model rádiového kanálů pro off-body komunikaci. Úkolem tohoto modelu je umožnit uživatelům efektivněji a přesněji simulovat propagaci signálu v rámci daného prostředí. Navržený model je dále optimalizován a ověřen vůči nejnovějším měřením, získaným z literatury. Nakonec je tento model implementován do simulačního nástroje NS-3, pomocí kterého je následně využit k simulaci množství scénářů. Hlavním výstupem této práce je ověřený model přenosového kanálu pro off-body komunikaci v rámci milimetrových vln, společně s jeho implementací do simulačního nástroje NS-3, díky čemuž je dostupný pro širokou veřejnost.

During human walk, we balance internal muscle forces and external forces outside of the body, while trying to minimize physiological energetic expenditure and mechanical loading on the body. The biomechanics of walking can be affected by various factors, including body size. In individuals with greater body size, the ground reaction force increases, so it is expected that joint moment of the lower limb in individuals with greater body size should increases. However, this relationship is not always true - as documented by previous studies, larger individuals use moderating mechanisms in the form of postural adjustment of the lower limb which decreases the load on joints during walking. The aim of this diploma thesis is to investigate the effect of body size and posture on the biomechanics of walking in the stance phase of walking, and to verify the presence of moderating mechanisms. We obtained kinematic and kinetic data from nineteen probands. The data was collected during three types of walking - during normal walking, walking with extended knees and crouched walking. We used Visual3D software to calculate angles in joints and joints moments of the lower limb. The independent effect of body mass, lower limb length measured in Visual3D, lower limb length measured anthropometrically, biiliac...

The diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of the level of basic motor skills of preschool children in relation to gender, age, completion of the first figure changes, body composition and level of physical posture development. The study held from May 2013 to January 2014 included 208 children (101 boys and 107 girls) in the age range of 3 - 6 years old attending kindergartens. Each subject was observed based on 32 somatic characteristics (body height, weight, 8 width dimensions, 8 peripheral characteristics of the trunk and limbs, thickness of 14 skinfolds). There was performed the body mass fractionation according to Matiegka's equations for the analysis of body composition. The completion of first character transformations was examined by aspect assessment (according to Filipin rate), so was examined the quality of posture (methods according to Matthias) and the quality of postural functions (method according to Jaroš and Lomíček). In the case of basic motor skills there was chosen 20 ms run with standing start for the testing of speed capability, for the evaluation of explosive strength abilities was selected jump from the spot with two legs reflection, the testing of explosive strength of the upper limbs was exercised by a ball throw (150 g) by both right and left hand and the evaluation...