Submitted by Mariana Moraes Contti (mmcontti@gmail.com) on 2019-01-31T12:54:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE HOMOLOG.pdf: 3705229 bytes, checksum: 788c829d039c6d6dc4dd78578b4db8ae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Pizzani null (luciana@btu.unesp.br) on 2019-01-31T18:08:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 contti_mm_dr_bot.pdf: 3705229 bytes, checksum: 788c829d039c6d6dc4dd78578b4db8ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-31T18:08:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 contti_mm_dr_bot.pdf: 3705229 bytes, checksum: 788c829d039c6d6dc4dd78578b4db8ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-03 / RESUMO: A ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC), usando o T1 nativo, é considerado método não invasivo para avaliar fibrose miocárdica sem necessidade de usar contraste paramagnético. Até o momento não há dados a respeito do T1 nativo após o transplante renal. O objetivo primário deste estudo foi avaliar mudanças no T1 nativo do miocárdio, seis meses após o transplante renal. Foram analisados prospectivamente, 44 pacientes transplantados renais, os quais foram submetidos a 2 exames de RMC (3T): o 1º nos 10 dias inicias do transplante, e o 2º realizado seis meses após. O tempo do T1 nativo foi medido na região médio- septal e diminuiu significativamente de 1.331 ±52 ms (inicial) para 1.298±42 ms, seis meses após o transplante (p = 0,001). Os pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos segundo o algoritmo de cluster: no cluster-1 (n=30), a massa do ventrículo esquerdo indexada (MVEi) foi menor, e não foi encontrado nenhum paciente portador de diabetes. No cluster-2 (n=14), a MVEi foi maior, e 100% dos pacientes eram diabéticos. A diminuição do T1 nativo foi significativa apenas nos pacientes do cluster-1 (p = 0,001). Concluindo, o tempo de T1 nativo do miocárdio diminuiu significativamente seis meses após o transplante renal, fato que pode estar associado com regressão da fibrose reativa. O grupo de pacientes que apresentou maior prevalência de diabetes e maior MVEi não alcançou diminuição do T1. ABSTRACT: The measurement of native T1 through cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a noninvasive method of assessing myocardial fibrosis without gadolinium contrast. No studies so far have evaluated native T1 after renal transplantation. The primary aim of the current study is to assess changes in the myocardium native T1 six months after renal transplantation. We prospectively evaluated 44 renal transplant patients who were undergoing two 3-Tesla CMR exams: baseline at the beginning of transplantation and the second after six months. The native T1 time was measured in the midseptal region and decreased significantly from 1,331±52 ms at the baseline to 1,298±42 ms 6 months after transplantation (p = 0.001). The patients were split into two groups through a two-step cluster algorithm: in cluster-1 (n = 30) the left ventricular mass index (LVMi) was lower, and no patient with diabetes was found. In cluster-2 (n = 14) the LVMi and diabetes prevalence were higher. Decrease in native T1 values was significant only in the patients in cluster-1 (p = 0.001). In conclusion, the native myocardial T1 time decreased significantly six months after renal transplant, which may be associated with the regression of the reactive fibrosis. The patients with greater baseline LVMi and the diabetic group did not reach a significant decrease in T1.

Orientador: Luis Gustavo Modelli de Andrade / Resumo: RESUMO: A ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC), usando o T1 nativo, é considerado método não invasivo para avaliar fibrose miocárdica sem necessidade de usar contraste paramagnético. Até o momento não há dados a respeito do T1 nativo após o transplante renal. O objetivo primário deste estudo foi avaliar mudanças no T1 nativo do miocárdio, seis meses após o transplante renal. Foram analisados prospectivamente, 44 pacientes transplantados renais, os quais foram submetidos a 2 exames de RMC (3T): o 1º nos 10 dias inicias do transplante, e o 2º realizado seis meses após. O tempo do T1 nativo foi medido na região médio- septal e diminuiu significativamente de 1.331 ±52 ms (inicial) para 1.298±42 ms, seis meses após o transplante (p = 0,001). Os pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos segundo o algoritmo de cluster: no cluster-1 (n=30), a massa do ventrículo esquerdo indexada (MVEi) foi menor, e não foi encontrado nenhum paciente portador de diabetes. No cluster-2 (n=14), a MVEi foi maior, e 100% dos pacientes eram diabéticos. A diminuição do T1 nativo foi significativa apenas nos pacientes do cluster-1 (p = 0,001). Concluindo, o tempo de T1 nativo do miocárdio diminuiu significativamente seis meses após o transplante renal, fato que pode estar associado com regressão da fibrose reativa. O grupo de pacientes que apresentou maior prevalência de diabetes e maior MVEi não alcançou diminuição do T1. ABSTRACT: The measurement of native T1 through cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a noni... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

T1 mapping of myocardial tissue is important for diagnostics of myocardial fibrosis. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of small animals is challenging due to high heart and respiratory rates. Pulse sequences for T1 mapping are proposed in this thesis based on inversion recovery FLASH and Intragate FLASH. The sequence IR FLASH was compared to the reference sequence RARE on a static phantom. Both sequences were applied for measuring the myocardium of a rat. For T1 quantification a software in Matlab was developed. Using this software, T1 maps of rat myocardium were calculated.

Dans cette thèse, nous présentons une approche modélisatrice multi-échelles au sein de la théorie de la fonctionnelle densité (DFT) de différentes classes de complexes à propriétés magnétiques commutables essentiellement à base de Fe(II) (3d6). Le manuscrit est organisé en trois grandes parties : la première a été consacrée à la présentation de la chimie théorique (concepts et méthodes). Le magnétisme moléculaire été examiné au travers du calcul de la constante de couplage et discuté dans la partie II. L’analyse de la constante de couplage, du magnétisme, des structures électroniques et des liaisons chimiques a été présentée. D’autre part, l’étude des valeurs thermodynamiques pour [Fe(btz)2(NCS)2] ainsi que la famille de complexes à transition de spin [Fe(L)2(NCS)2] a formée la troisième partie. De deux approches complémentaires sont utilisées: i-moléculaire où l’entité isolée est examinée en utilisant des codes de calcul ciblés moyennant différentes fonctionnelles d’échange corrélation et bases ; ii-« tout solide » prenant en compte la structure cristalline étendue. Les résultats sont également appuyés par une étude semi-empirique au sein de la dynamique moléculaire / In this thesis, we present an multiscale approaches based on theoretical modeling within density functional (DFT) of different classes of complex magnetic properties switched from predominantly Fe(II) (3d6). The manuscript is organized into three main parts: the first was devoted to the presentation of theoretical chemistry (concepts and methods). The molecular magnetism was examined through the calculation of the coupling constant and discussed in Part II. The analysis of the coupling constant, magnetism, electronic structure and chemical bonds was presented. In the third Part, the study of thermodynamic values for [Fe(btz)2(NCS)2] and the family of spin crossover complexes [Fe(L)2(NCS)2] has formed the third party. Two complementary approaches are used: i-“molecular” which considers a fragment entity or isolated molecule using different computer codes targeted through various exchange correlation functional and basis; ii-"solid state" taking into account the extended crystal structure. The results are also supported by a semi-empirical study through molecular dynamics.

La cartographie du temps de relaxation longitudinale T1 est une technique d'IRM quantitative pour caractériser les tissus myocardiques. Plusieurs études ont déjà montré la corrélation entre la mesure de T1 et la présence de fibrose. Celle-ci est souvent observée dans les pathologies cardiaques telles que les cardiomyopathies ou l'infarctus du myocarde. Cependant, l'acquisition d'une carte T1 du coeur reste techniquement difficile. Actuellement, la quantification T1 du myocarde humain est réalisée en apnée à l'aide de séquences 2D qui sont spécifiques aux constructeurs et donc peu disponibles. Afin de pallier aux limitations de ces séquences, nous proposons une méthode basée sur une séquence 3D clinique. Cette technique, utilisant la variation des angles de bascule avec intégration d'une correction B1, a été adaptée pour une utilisation en imagerie cardiaque. Des essais sur fantôme ont permis de sélectionner les paramètres optimaux et de montrer la reproductibilité de la méthode. Puis, une étude sur volontaires sains a permis de valider la méthode en double synchronisation (cardiaque et respiratoire). Enfin, une méthode de reconstruction intégrant des signaux physiologiques de mouvement a également été utilisée afin de faire de la quantification T1 en respiration libre et de diminuer le temps d'acquisition. Les valeurs de T1 myocardique sur volontaires sont comprises entre 1289 ± 66 ms et 1376 ± 43 ms, correspondant aux valeurs de la littérature. Ces travaux ouvrent la voie à l'utilisation de la cartographie T1 chez les patients avec pour objectifs une meilleure caractérisation des pathologies et une meilleure adaptation des stratégies thérapeutiques / T1 mapping is a useful quantitative MR technique for cardiac tissue characterization. Several studies have shown that T1 measurements are correlated with fibrosis, which is observed in cardiac diseases such as cardiomyopathy or myocardial infarction. However, cardiac T1 mapping remains challenging, mainly because of long acquisition times and interference from cardiac and respiratory motions. T1 quantification on the human myocardium is generally performed on breath-hold with 2D specific sequences. Unfortunately these sequences are scanner specific and poorly available for clinical use. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new method based on a 3D clinical sequence. This technique, using a variable flip angle approach that integrates B1 correction, was adapted in cardiac imaging. Phantom tests were used to select the optimal parameters and to show the method reproducibility. Then, the method was validated with a volunteer study using double synchronization (cardiac and respiratory). Moreover, a reconstruction method integrating physiological signals of motion was also used to perform T1 quantification in free breathing and to reduce the total acquisition time. The myocardial T1 values on volunteers ranged between 1289 ± 66 ms and 1376 ± 43 ms, which was in good agreement with previously published works. These studies allow the use of T1 mapping in patients with better characterization of pathologies and a better adaptation to therapeutic strategies

L’IRM est de plus en plus utilisée pour diagnostiquer et évaluer un très grand nombre de pathologies. Cette technique présente cependant deux inconvénients majeurs. En effet, les examens restent encore très longs (notamment en imagerie 3D) et la quantification est très difficile par rapport à d’autres modalités comme la tomographie par émission de positons. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse a été de diminuer significativement les temps d’acquisition nécessaires pour l’imagerie volumique et de développer des techniques quantitatives robustes, permettant d’effectuer des suivis longitudinaux.Pour cela, des méthodes innovantes ont été développées à très haut champ magnétique (7T) et validées sur des modèles murins sains et pathologiques. Trois développements majeurs sont ressortis de cette thèse. Tout d’abord, une mesure rapide des temps de relaxation longitudinale (T1) a été développée.Cette méthode basée sur une approche Look-Locker a été couplée avec un échantillonnage en empilement de spirales et a permis d’obtenir au niveau cardiaque des cartes T1 en 3D sur des souris saines et des modèles d’infarctus du myocarde en moins de 15 minutes. Ensuite, une approche dite« spiral-in » a été couplée avec une méthode de multi-échos de spin afin d’accélérer la mesure des temps de relaxation transversale (T2). Cette méthode a permis d’obtenir des cartes T2 en 3D sur des cerveaux de souris saines et métastatiques en moins de 20 minutes. Enfin, une approche hybride couplant les avantages de l’acquisition spiralée et ceux de l’échantillonnage radial a été développée.Cette méthode a été couplée avec une technique de Golden-Angle pour échantillonner aléatoirement l’espace de Fourier et a permis pour la première fois de visualiser une angiographie 3D d’un foie de souris en respiration libre en moins de 12 minutes. Toutes les méthodes développées dans ce travail ont été validées au niveau de leur robustesse et démontrent que l’IRM peut être une technique à la fois rapide et quantitative. Ces développements pourront être transférés vers la clinique dans de futurs travaux. / MRI is more and more used to diagnose and assess a wide range of pathologies. However, this technique is still limited by two disadvantages. Indeed, the acquisition times are too long(especially in 3D) and the quantification is still difficult compared to other techniques like positron emission tomography. The aim of this PhD project was to significantly reduce acquisition times required for 3D imaging and to develop robust quantitative techniques allowing longitudinal studies.To these ends, innovative methods have been developed at very high magnetic field (7T) and validated on healthy and diseased mouse models. Three major developments arose from this work. Firstly, a fast measurement of the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) has been developed. This method based on a Look-Locker approach was coupled with a sampling using stack-of-spirals and allowed to get T1 mapsin 3D in healthy and myocardial infarction models in less than 15 minutes. Then, a "spiral-in" approach was coupled with a multi spin echoes acquisition to accelerate the measurement of the transverse relaxation time (T2). This method allowed to get T2 maps in 3D of healthy and metastatic mouse brains in less than 20 minutes. Finally, a hybrid approach combining the advantages of the spiral acquisition with those of the radial sampling has been developed. This method has been coupled with a Golden-Angle technique for randomly sampling the k-space and allowed for the first time to display a 3Dangiography of a mouse liver in free breathing in less than 12 minutes. All the protocols developed inthis PhD project were validated in terms of robustness and showed that MRI can be a technique both rapid and quantitative. These developments will be transferred to the clinic in future works.

No description available.

Les protéines à cuivre jouent un rôle crucial dans de nombreux processus biologiques essentiels à la vie tels que la respiration. De nombreuses études ont été menées afin de décrypter le lien entre la structure de leur centre actif, les propriétés électroniques qui en découlent et la fonction de ces protéines.Les travaux réalisés au sein du laboratoire sur l’étude de la chaîne respiratoire d’un organisme acidophile, A. ferrooxidans, ont permis de mettre en évidence une protéine à cuivre (AcoP), appartement à la vaste famille des cuprédoxines, indispensable au fonctionnement de cette voie. Une approche pluridisciplinaire mêlant des méthodes de spectroscopies, d’électrochimie, de cristallographie aux rayons X combinée à des expériences de mutagénèse dirigée, a permis de dévoiler la présence d’un centre cuivre atypique associé à des propriétés électroniques et d’oxydoréduction rarement retrouvées au sein de cette vaste famille. Le rôle d’une telle protéine au sein de la chaîne respiratoire d’A. ferroxidans a par la suite fait l’objet de notre attention. AcoP interagit avec le cytochrome c et l’enzyme terminale de la chaîne respiratoire, la cytochrome c oxydase. L’étude du complexe cytochrome c – AcoPcytochrome c oxydase nous a permis de proposer un rôle d’AcoP dans le recrutement du cytochrome c au sein de ce complexe, ainsi que dans le transfert d’électron entre ces deux partenaires. Ces travaux de recherche démontrent que l’étude de la biodiversité permet non seulement la découverte de nouveaux systèmes permettant la vie dans des environnements extrêmes, mais également la découverte de nouvelles protéines aux propriétés remarquables. / Copper proteins play key roles in many biological processes, such as in respiratory chains. Although many studies have been carried out to decipher the relationship between their active site structure, electronic properties and function, these features are still not fully understood. Previous studies on the respiratory chain of an acidophilic organism, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, have revealed the presence of a new copper-binding protein: AcoP. This cupredoxin is critical for the correct functioning of this respiratory pathway. Using site-directed mutagenesis and a wide-range of biophysical approaches, electrochemistry and X-ray crystallography, we can show that an unconventional copper-active site in AcoP might underlie its rare electronic and redox features. The function of such a protein in the respiratory chain of A. ferrooxidans has subsequently raised our curiosity. It was shown that AcoP interacts with cytochrome c and the cytochrome c oxidase. We showed that AcoP could act as a linker between the cytochrome c and the cytochrome c oxidase, by recruiting the former, and could also participate in the electron transfer between these two partners. This work shows how exploring biodiversity leads to the discovery of new systems that allow life in extreme environments, as well as of new proteins with remarkable features.

This thesis focuses on the measurement of diffusion coefficient of dialysis membrane. The first part describes possibilities of membrane modelling. Basic models, which allow us to determine the basic characteristics of dialysis membranes like permeability and diffusion coefficient, are described. Next chapter deals with basic types and properties of membranes. The main part focuses on making the experimental installation, which is used to simulate permeance of contrast agent, used in DCE-MRI, through dialysis membrane. The last theoretical chapter describes calculations used to estimate diffusion coefficient. Practical part of this thesis uses a designed experimental installation for estimation of diffusion coefficient for two contrast agents Gadovist® and Multihance®.

Diploma thesis explores the possibility of using diffusion-weighted images in medicine. The paper is a brief physical principle of operation of the magnetic resonance as a tool for non-destructive imaging of the internal structure of substances, the principle of the display contrast as T1, T2 and diffusion weighted images, the course of the sequence for obtaining images with different contrast. Medicine is faced with the problem of classification of pathological tissue in the brain. Contrast diffusion-weighted images does not visually determine the shape of pathological tissue in the form of a tumor or edema. With the T1 and T2 weighted images were calculated mask corresponding tumor and edema, that have been applied to the diffusion-weighted images. Images of the tumor and edema have been subjected diffusivity measurements and statistical evaluation for the purpose of classifying the type of tumor. Investigations were seven findings glioma and metastatic five awards. The research was focused on classifying pathological tissue.