Testing is recognized as a key and challenging factor that can either boost or halt the game development in the mobile game industry. On one hand, manual testing is expensive and time-consuming, especially the wide spectrum of device hardware and software, so called fragmentation, significantly increases the cost to test applications on devices manually. On the other hand, automated testing is also very difficult due to more inherent technical issues to test games as compared to other mobile applications, such as non-native widgets, nondeterminism , complex game strategies and so on. Current testing frameworks (e.g., Android Monkey, Record and Replay) are limited because they adopt no domain knowledge to test games. Learning-based tools (e.g., Wuji) require tremendous resources and manual efforts to train a model before testing any game. The high cost of manual testing and lack of efficient testing tools for mobile games motivated the work presented in this thesis which aims to explore easy and efficient approaches to test mobile games efficiently and effectively. A new Android mobile game testing tool, called LIT, has been developed. LIT is a lightweight approach to generalize playtest tactics from manual testing, and to adopt the tactics for automatic game testing. LIT has two phases: tactic generalization and tactic concretization. In Phase I, when a human tester plays an Android game G for awhile (e.g., eight minutes), LIT records the tester's inputs and related scenes. Based on the collected data, LIT infers a set of context-aware, abstract playtest tactics that describe under what circumstances, what actions can be taken. In Phase II,LIT tests G based on the generalized tactics. Namely, given a randomly generated game scene, LIT tentatively matches that scene with the abstract context of any inferred tactic; if the match succeeds, LIT customizes the tactic to generate an action for playtest. Our evaluation with nine games shows LIT to outperform two state-of-the-art tools and are reinforcement learning (RL)-based tool, by covering more code and triggering more errors. This implies that LIT complements existing tools and helps developers better test certain games (e.g., match3). / Master of Science / Testing is recognized as a key and challenging factor that can either boost or halt the game development in mobile game industry. On the one hand, manual testing is expensive and time-consuming, especially the wide spectrum of device hardware and software significantly increase cost to test applications on devices manually. On the other hand, automated testing is also very difficult due to more inherent technical issues to test games as compared to other mobile applications. The two factors motivated the work presented in this thesis. A new Android mobile game testing tool, called LIT, has been developed. LIT is a light weight approach to generalize playtest tactics from manual testing, and to adopt the tactics for automatic game testing. A playtest is the process in which testers play video games for software quality assurance. When a human tester plays an Android game G for awhile (e.g., eight minutes),LIT records the tester's inputs and related scenes. Based on the collected data, LIT infers a set of context-aware, abstract playtest tactics that describe under what circumstances, what actions can be taken. In Phase II, LIT tests G based on the generalized tactics. Namely, given a randomly generated game scene, LIT tentatively matches that scene with the abstract context of any inferred tactic; if the match succeeds, LIT customizes the tactic to generate an action for playtest. Our evaluation with nine games shows LIT to outperform two state-of-the-art tools and a reinforcement learning (RL)-based tool, by covering more code and triggering more errors. This implies that LIT complements existing tools and helps developers better test certain games (e.g., match3)

Enterprises, while facing making the transition, besides economy, material resources, financial resources, the important one is ability of ' the tactic management of the human resources ' the most in managerial ability. So, this research adopts the law of case study, via probe into case Company when environmental change , how is it set up competition advantage to come through course that make the transition, moreover, every stages make the transition in course, how to organize the goal to cooperate with managerial ability of the human resources, so that enterprises achieve the goal of dealing in continuously forever. Analysis of the course that this research makes the transition through the organization, and to the interview of the staff of different levels inside enterprises, there is the following research conclusion: 1. Research this show case Company at facing demanding grown up to make the transition , take to combine the inside human resources practice. 2. In education and training, need whole education and training system systematized , education and training and promote development is it marry to linked to, and set up the evaluation system of intact education and training. 3. Examine the respect in the recompense of the wages and performance, except set up rational wages structure, and must distinguish the suitability of examining the index and strengthen the training of the persons who examine again outside linking the personal performance with wages and forming. 4. In promoting the system and duty margin to develop, is it manage duty and technological promotion of duty channel shunt and outside the post wheel is adjusted to cooperate, make and have intact planning to the staff's duty margin in order to strengthen their centripetal force too. 5. In staff's relation management, outside caring staff , help staff to maintain the personal health , pay attention to the quality of the life that the career that the staff continue forever develops and promotes the staff too, in enterprises , there are only satisfactory staff , will just have satisfactory customers. Synthesize the above four items, carry on the application of tactic, in order to support its key ability of human resources to need most at present, strengthen the staff's centripetal force and personnel's quality. After accumulating the plentiful key ability of human resources, the relevant tactics that match and use making the transition , such as passing superior difference between manufacturing capacity , products and service ,etc., guide the transition of the products and pursue the studying type organization and staff's relation to manage, in order to develop key ability in taking the place of workers in manufacturing capacity and speciality of its future

The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the negotiations tactics, methods and strategies, the relationship with the suppliers and is the base for the practical part. The aim of my thesis is testing of selected negotiation tactics and methods on selected tenders in purchasing department in Škoda Auto a.s. The result is discovering the optimal strategy for specific price negotiations and introduction of their pros and cons. The second aim of my thesis is optimization of purchasing process and recommendation of suggestions for improvement.

The name of work: Tactic analysis of elite tennis players at grass court The aim: The aim of this work was to find what is the conception of tennis tactic by elite players on grass surface by quantitative analysis of tactical ways of selected players during tournament Wimbledon 2014. Method: The analysis was based on indirect monitoring of video records from Wimbledon 2014. It was used a quantitative investigation using line method in folios. Own analysis was made through a descriptive method. Results: It underlines the tactical methods of elite players on grass surface. Key words: tactic, tennis, grass, elite players

<p>People are creators of their own acts. That is a premise of this thesis. Social contexts offer action alternatives but given their individuality people, to various extents, put the set of alternatives into question, re-shape them and make them into theirs. What people do in their everyday life has political significance. The theories that frame this work focus on how people reappropriate culture and in so doing bring forth infinitesimal changes in society.</p><p>I have interviewed seven young women in Beirut who take action to get to do what they desire. Given their social conditions and individuality they find different ways around the prohibitions that they are facing. Organized independently and within networks of foremost relatives they find their ways. They negotiate with family and community, make allies and create paths to 'forbidden' spaces. They seize opportunities and increase their space for a day, night or occasion. Then they accord their life to the surrounding's restrictions – until opportunity strikes again. The women also create an imaginary space where they are ruling queens. From there they tell the surrounding to shut up and fuck off, in there they hope, smile and fall in love.</p><p>The thesis then goes on to discuss the socio-political effects of young women's spacing practices. When the women do what they desire they enter, what they claim are, forbidden spaces. Their entry appears to be a threatening force; it diminishes gaps between the 'allowed' and the 'unacceptable' and between the 'good' and 'bad' girl- and womanhood. These practices, sprung from the daily life, challenge the surrounding and young women's spacing is thereby a micro-political phenomenon with subversive potential.</p>

Negotiation is applied to many fields, which are included in politics, business and even in daily life. An outstanding negotiator is not congenital, but it can be trained to be an excellent one. The type of negotiator what the person will be is affected by his personality. Negotiation is affected by many factors, and we will discuss the personality in this research. We focus on Machiavellianism and self-monitoring which are the two major variables in this research. And we use Ethical Decision Making Model to establish the hypothesis in this research. The questionnaire survey is the main method to collect the data, and we investigate the relationship among negotiator¡¦s p personality, attitude toward negotiation tactics and negotiation intention by descriptive statistics, T-test, Analysis of Variance and Regression Analysis. The results are follows: (1) Different backgrounds significantly influence the ethical attitude toward negotiation tactics, for example, the negotiator¡¦s sex and level of education. (2) Machiavellianism significantly influence s the ethical attitude toward negotiation tactics, for example, the negotiators have higher level of Machiavellianism and their ethic attitudes are weaker in ¡§salami-tactics¡¨ , ¡§shock them with your opening offer¡¨ and ¡§advance man¡¨. (3) The degree of self-monitoring of the negotiators significantly influences the relationship between ethical attitude toward negotiation and negotiation intention. Keywords: Negotiation tactic, ethical decision making, Machiavellianism, self-monitoring.

Norint pasiekti gerą barjerinio bėgimo rezultatą, būtinas geras sprinterinis sportininkių pasirengimas ir puiki speciali greitumo ištvermė (Karoblis ir Ambrazienė, 1985). Šis darbas paaiškina kaip kintant sportiniam meistriškumui keičiasi bėgimo taktika, barjerų įveikimo technika ir fizinis parsirengimas sezono eigoje. Keliame hipotezę, kad gerėjant sportinei formai pagerės paskutinės 100 metrų atkarpos įveikimo greitis, o pasirinkta 400 m barjerinio bėgimo taktika Lietuvos ir pasaulio bėgikių nesiskirs. Tyrimo tikslas: Išanalizuoti 400 m barjerinio bėgimo taktiką. Uždaviniai: 1) Išanalizuoti K. J. 400 m b/b rezultatų ir barjerų tarpų įveikimo kaitą varžybiniame periode. 2) Nustatyti Lietuvos ir pasaulio 400 m b/b atstovių nuotolio įveikimo taktiką. Tyrimo metodika ir organizavimas. Tiriamieji: Lietuvos 400 m b/b atstovė Kristina Jasinskaitė (amžius – 21 m; ūgis – 174 cm; svoris – 62 kg: geriausias asmeninis rezultatas – 60,50 s) ir šešios pasaulio elito barjerininkės (amžius – 27,83 ± 3,37 m; ūgis – 173 ± 6,63 cm; svoris – 63,67 ± 7,63 kg; geriausias asmeninis rezultatas – 52,98 ± 0,68 s). Buvo analizuojama varžybų filmuota medžiaga: nustatomas barjerų tarpų įveikimo laikas ir atliktų žingsnių skaičius. Tyrimo aktualumas: Sportinio rengimo, sporto treniruotės valdymas prasideda informacijos apie valdymo objektą rinkimu bei jos sisteminimu. Valdymas ir informacija yra du neatsiejami vyksmai, kurie yra reikalingi siekiant pačių geriausių rezultatų. Informacija, tai duomenų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In order to achieve a good running result, it is needed great barrier running athletes preparation for a special and good speed endurance (Karoblis Ambrazienė, 1985). This work goal is, how the changes of sporty craftsmanship changes running tactics, technique for overcoming barriers and as physical preparation during season progresses. Our hypothesis is, that improving the sporting shape, the last 100 metres speed will improve, but the choosen tactic of 400 m running will be the same by Lithuanian and world hurdles runners. The aim of the research: Analyze 400 m hurdles running tactic. Tasks: 1) Analyze K. J. 400 m hurdles results and overcoming barriers spaces changes during the season. 2) Set Lithuanian and world 400 m hurdles range overcoming tactic. The methology and organization of research: Lithuania 400 m hurdles representative Kristina Jasinskaitė (age – 21; height – 174 cm; weight – 62 kg; personal best result – 60,50 s) and six of the world's elite hurdles runners (age – 27,83 ± 3,37 m; height – 173 ± 6,63 cm; weight – 63,67 ± 7,63 kg; personal best result – 52,98 ± 0,68 s). It was analyzed competition footage: time of overcoming the barriers and counting number of steps. Research relevance: The sports preparation and training managment beggins from collecting the information about managing an object and information systemization. Managment and information are two inseparable operations, which are necessary in order to achieve the best results. Information is data... [to full text]

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o desempenho tático em jogos reduzidos de futsal. De acordo com as metodologias contemporâneas de ensino das modalidades esportivas coletivas (MEC´s), a ação é colocada no centro do processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos jogos. Lança-se mão, então, de atividades de ensino e treinamento que preservem os problemas do jogo formal (JF), ou seja, os chamados jogos reduzidos (JR´s). Procedente do termo em inglês small-sided games (SSG) este instrumento consiste na aplicação de atividades que preservam a dimensão relacional e situacional da execução motora, isto é, os processos envolvidos na percepção, análise e tomada de decisão constituintes da ação tática (MAHLO, 1974). No lugar das repetições de movimentos, treinos exclusivamente técnicos e séries de exercícios surgem os jogos reduzidos, cuja denominação equivale a dos jogos menores, jogos modificados ou mini-jogos. Estes são considerados importantes ferramentas de trabalho dos professores e treinadores esportivos, pois permitem que determinados comportamentos desejados sejam exercitados e (re) significados pelos praticantes, independentemente do nível de jogo. Os adeptos desta perspectiva de ensino defendem que a implementação de atividades dessa natureza estimularia a formação de jogadores autônomos, inteligentes e criativos. De qualquer forma, para que os JR´s tenham eficácia no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, devem-se conhecer a fundo quais alterações do JF podem ser promovidas, bem como quais são os impactos dessas mudanças sobre as ações dos jogadores. A partir, então, de conceitos tático-estratégicos elementares extraídos de um modelo de jogo do futsal, foram elaborados e aplicados diferentes JR´s para grupos de alunos, praticantes da modalidade. Foi possível indicar como se comportaram taticamente os jogadores nas diferentes situações sugeridas, indicando quais as implicações práticas das alterações propostas em cada jogo. Para a análise das ações, de forma original, criou-se uma ferramenta de avaliação do desempenho tático que pode ser utilizada tanto em situação de jogo reduzido (JR), quanto de jogo formal (JF). A amostra foi composta por 59 alunos, com idade entre 10 e 12 anos, integrantes de cursos extracurriculares de futsal de escolas particulares de São Paulo. Os alunos foram divididos em 7 grupos de prática e participaram de sessões de treinamento com as seguintes atividades: 2x1 em meia-quadra (sendo dois formatos diferentes, a e b), 2x2 em meia-quadra, 4x2 em quadra inteira e 3x3 em quadra inteira. Os resultados indicam que as variáveis de desempenho tático, representadas pelas ações dos jogadores, apresentaram diferenças quanto às densidades e qualidades de acordo com os JR´s propostos. Basicamente, as manipulações dos regulamentos dos jogos facilitaram, induziram ou obrigaram a ocorrência de determinadas ações, como os duelos de 1x1, as finalizações, o direcionamento para o rebote, a criação de linha de passe, entre outros. Entende-se, assim, que seja possível conhecer e manipular, de forma intencional, as alterações do JF, permitindo que os jogadores exercitem determinados problemas do jogo elencados a priori / The present study investigated the tactical performance in small-sided games. According to the contemporary methodologies of teaching Team Sports (TS), the action is placed at the center of the teaching-learning process of the games. Therefore, teaching and training activities that preserve the problems of the game take place, by the name small-sided games (SSG). This instrument consists of the application of activities that preserve the relational and situational dimension of the motor execution, considering the processes involved in the perception, analysis and decision making as constituent of the \"tactical action\" (MAHLO, 1974). In place of exclusively technical training and series of exercises, appear the small-sided games, which denomination is equivalent to smaller games, modified games or mini-games. These are considered important tools for teachers and sports coaches as they allow certain desired behaviors to be exercised and (re) signified by players, regardless of the level of play. The adherents of this teaching perspective argue that the implementation of activities of this nature would stimulate the formation of autonomous, intelligent and creative players. However, in order for SSG to be effective in the teaching-learning process, it is necessary to know more deeply which changes of the game can be promoted, as well as what are the impacts of these changes on players actions. Starting from elementary concepts drawn from a futsal game model, different SSG were developed and applied to groups of students. It was possible to identify the tactical performance of the players in each different situation, indicating the practical implications of changed rules. For the analysis of the player´s actions, an original tactical performance evaluation tool was created that can be used in both SSG and official game situations. The sample consisted of 59 students, aged between 10 and 12 years, members of extracurricular courses of futsal of private schools of São Paulo. The students were divided into 7 groups and participated in training sessions with the following activities: 2x1 in half-field (two different set-ups, a and b), 2x2 in half-field, 4x2 in a whole field and 3x3 in a whole field. The results indicate that the variables of tactical performance, represented by the actions of the players, presented differences of densities and qualities according to the proposed SSG. Basically, manipulations of the game facilitated, induced or required the occurrence of certain actions, such as 1x1 duels, finalizations, targeting for rebound, creation of pass lines, among others. It is deduced, therefore, that it is possible to know and manipulate intentionally the changes of the games, allowing that the students/players exercise certain problems of the game chosen before

presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos de um programa de ensino de futsal, baseado em uma perspectiva tática do jogo, sobre o desempenho tático. Nessa perspectiva, a ação tática é colocada no centro do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e a atividade de ensino central são os exercícios táticos, contextualizados o mais próximo possível da situação real de jogo. Os alunos são incentivados a tomarem decisões e a refletirem sobre as ações em relação aos problemas que emergem no contexto (confronto) de jogo. Os adeptos dessa perspectiva de ensino defendem que, assim, estimulariam a formação de alunos/jogadores inteligentes e criativos. Para auxiliar a construção do programa foi elaborado um modelo do jogo de futsal. A construção da representação ocorreu a partir de um diálogo entre uma concepção empírica da modalidade, construída por treinadores experientes, e concepções de Modalidades Esportivas Coletivas existentes na literatura. Optou-se por um recorte sistêmico do fenômeno com o intuito de superar a perspectiva tecnicista, em que a ação no jogo é vista como a justaposição de gestos técnicos, e realçar a importância da tomada de decisão. Após a construção do modelo e a avaliação do desempenho tático dos selecionados a participar do estudo, partiu-se para construção do programa a ser investigado. Participaram do estudo oito alunos, com idade entre sete e oito anos, integrantes de um curso-extracurricular de futsal de uma escola particular de São Paulo. O programa teve duração de oito semanas, sendo realizadas duas aulas de uma hora por semana, totalizando 16 aulas. Os dados indicaram uma melhora significante no desempenho tático dos participantes após 16 sessões de treinamento. A despeito de o programa ter sido aplicado em apenas uma amostra (com características peculiares) com número reduzido de participantes, tais evidências contribuem para o avanço nas discussões sobre perspectiva tática e respectivas estratégias de ensino, assim como para o fortalecimento da modelação do jogo construída / The objective of the current research was to investigate the impacts of a futsal unit, based on a tactical approach, on tactical performance. Under this approach, tactic is considered the center of teaching-learning process, and the main activities are tactical exercises. Pupils are stimulated to take part in the decisions and reflect on their actions related to problems that emerge from the game. The adepts of this approach defend that, thereby, pupils would become more intelligent and creative players. In order to support the unit design, a model of the futsal game was created. The representation was made throughout discussions among experienced coaches. A systemic approach was used in order to overcome a technical perspective, in which the action in a game is seen as a mere juxtaposition of technical gestures, and emphasize the importance of decision-making. After the creation of the model and pupils assessment, the unit was designed. Eight 7 to 8 year-old pupils, members of an extra-curricular activity in a private school, took part in the research. The unit was composed by 16 lessons (2 lessons a week) of one hour each. Results demonstrated that tactical performance has improved significantly after 16 lessons. In despite of the reduced number of participants, these evidences contribute to the progress of the teaching-learning process of futsal, as well as to fortify the model of the game created

presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos de um programa de ensino de futsal, baseado em uma perspectiva tática do jogo, sobre o desempenho tático. Nessa perspectiva, a ação tática é colocada no centro do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, e a atividade de ensino central são os exercícios táticos, contextualizados o mais próximo possível da situação real de jogo. Os alunos são incentivados a tomarem decisões e a refletirem sobre as ações em relação aos problemas que emergem no contexto (confronto) de jogo. Os adeptos dessa perspectiva de ensino defendem que, assim, estimulariam a formação de alunos/jogadores inteligentes e criativos. Para auxiliar a construção do programa foi elaborado um modelo do jogo de futsal. A construção da representação ocorreu a partir de um diálogo entre uma concepção empírica da modalidade, construída por treinadores experientes, e concepções de Modalidades Esportivas Coletivas existentes na literatura. Optou-se por um recorte sistêmico do fenômeno com o intuito de superar a perspectiva tecnicista, em que a ação no jogo é vista como a justaposição de gestos técnicos, e realçar a importância da tomada de decisão. Após a construção do modelo e a avaliação do desempenho tático dos selecionados a participar do estudo, partiu-se para construção do programa a ser investigado. Participaram do estudo oito alunos, com idade entre sete e oito anos, integrantes de um curso-extracurricular de futsal de uma escola particular de São Paulo. O programa teve duração de oito semanas, sendo realizadas duas aulas de uma hora por semana, totalizando 16 aulas. Os dados indicaram uma melhora significante no desempenho tático dos participantes após 16 sessões de treinamento. A despeito de o programa ter sido aplicado em apenas uma amostra (com características peculiares) com número reduzido de participantes, tais evidências contribuem para o avanço nas discussões sobre perspectiva tática e respectivas estratégias de ensino, assim como para o fortalecimento da modelação do jogo construída / The objective of the current research was to investigate the impacts of a futsal unit, based on a tactical approach, on tactical performance. Under this approach, tactic is considered the center of teaching-learning process, and the main activities are tactical exercises. Pupils are stimulated to take part in the decisions and reflect on their actions related to problems that emerge from the game. The adepts of this approach defend that, thereby, pupils would become more intelligent and creative players. In order to support the unit design, a model of the futsal game was created. The representation was made throughout discussions among experienced coaches. A systemic approach was used in order to overcome a technical perspective, in which the action in a game is seen as a mere juxtaposition of technical gestures, and emphasize the importance of decision-making. After the creation of the model and pupils assessment, the unit was designed. Eight 7 to 8 year-old pupils, members of an extra-curricular activity in a private school, took part in the research. The unit was composed by 16 lessons (2 lessons a week) of one hour each. Results demonstrated that tactical performance has improved significantly after 16 lessons. In despite of the reduced number of participants, these evidences contribute to the progress of the teaching-learning process of futsal, as well as to fortify the model of the game created