Ph. D.--Department of Anthropology--University of Arizona, 1998. / Bibliogr. p. 266-291.

There are two enquiries undertaken in this work which is an investigation of learning strategies employed by students of English for Tourism in the British context, and an evaluation of textbooks already used for teaching this programme in Taiwan and relevant ones published in the United Kingdom. It is hoped that this work will have direct implications for pedagogy and learning processes of the English for Tourism programme in the Taiwanese context. This thesis is made up of four parts. The first part is Chapter 1 which investigates general broad backgrounds in the Taiwanese context. It also deals with the debate on the improvement of English language teaching in this context. It further discusses how this context relates to this work. The second part includes Chapters 2, 3, and 4, offering the theoretical framework on which an empirical research and a desk-based study of textbooks are based. Chapter 2 primarily examines the features of English for Tourism by taking account of the general key issues of ESP relevant to needs analysis, content and language, and methodology, and the specific crucial issues in relation to the target situation in the tourism industry, tourism education and training, and cultural content. It further postulates that communicative language teaching and learning strategies are closely relevant to the efficiency of ESP teaching. These are defined and explored in depth in Chapters 3 and 4 respectively. The third part consists of an empirical research and a desk-based study (Chapters 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9). Chapter 5 discusses research methodology indicating that a qualitative approach has been preferred to a quantitative approach. The empirical research will be based on participant observations (Chapter 6) and semi-structured interviews (Chapter 7). It will be followed by a desk-based study of textbooks (Chapter 9). Chapters 6 and 7 are mainly descriptive. Chapter 8 interprets the major findings of this empirical research, discusses the issues they raise and goes on to suggest improvements to the pedagogy and learning processes in the Taiwanese context. It indicates that social strategies and social interaction bothinside and outside the classroom are the most significant factors for learning processes. It suggests furthermore that a combination model of notional-functional and task-based approaches is essential for the effective English for Tourism syllabuses and methodologies in the Taiwanese context. Chapter 9 is a desk-based study of textbooks to evaluate and select appropriate and useful textbook for teaching English for Tourism in the Taiwanese context. The final part is Chapter 10. This chapter reviews the principal themes in the preceding chapters, and offers principles of approach which guide the teaching and learning of English for Tourism in the Taiwanese context.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative musculoskeletal disease affecting joints, is characterised by pain and poor physical functioning, resulting in poor health related quality of life (HRQoL), emotional well-being and quality of sleep. There are few studies in this area in Taiwan. Aim and objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate how quality of sleep impacts on quality of life in individuals with OA in Taiwan. Specific objectives were to measure quality of sleep; to measure pain, physical function, emotional health and quality of life, and investigate their associations with quality of sleep; to investigate predictors of quality of sleep; and to investigate the association between subjective sleep perceptions and objective sleep outcomes. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 192 OA patients aged over 40, diagnosed by radiology, fluent in Mandarin or Taiwanese, and residing in the community were recruited from musculoskeletal or rehabilitation outpatient departments in a university hospital in Taiwan from October 2010 to March 2011. A supervised self-completion questionnaire was used to collect data. Four validated Mandarin Chinese versions of questionnaires were used: the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) to measure pain and physical functioning; the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) to measure HRQoL; the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to measure emotional health; and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure subjective quality of sleep. A sub-sample of 30 individuals was recruited to measure objective sleep quality using an Actigraph wrist monitor. Data were encoded, entered onto computer and analysed with SPSS 16.0 software. Results: Most participants had poor subjective quality of sleep (70.3%), but only 19.8% were taking sleep medication. Global quality of sleep was poorer in participants who were older, female, had a low educational level and had more severe OA. Pain was mild-to-moderate but 47.4% and 25.5% of participants reported no or poor self-management of OA symptoms respectively, and 66.7% never used a walking aid. Poor quality of sleep was associated with pain, poor physical function, anxiety, depression and low scores on the physical and mental components of HRQoL (Pearson correlations 0.27 to 0.87), although most participants did not present problems with anxiety or depression. Regression showed that taking sleep medication, SF-36 role physical and social functioning, high HADS anxiety, a lack of secondary education, high WOMAC pain and taking analgesics significantly contributed to poor global quality of sleep. Path analysis identified four components potentially causing poor quality of sleep: an OA component (pain and physical function), a sleep medication component, a psychological component (anxiety) and a sociodemographic component (low education and poor social functioning), where being female was causally related to the last two. From the objective measurements, participants overestimated the actual time to fall asleep and underestimated their sleep duration and efficiency. Those with poor subjective quality of sleep were woken more often during the night and awake for longer during the night (both p < 0.027). Conclusion: Global quality of sleep was poor in individuals with OA in Taiwan; pain, physical function and emotional health negatively influenced quality of sleep and HRQoL. A hypothesised causal model for quality of sleep had components related not only to OA but also to psychological distress, socio-demographics and taking sleep medication. Objective measurements indicated that sleep disturbance was associated with poor perceived quality of sleep. The study suggests that better support and guidance on self-management of OA in Taiwan is required to allow patients more control over their health, well being and quality of sleep.

“Estéticas de la Identidad” conmemora en Lima el Día Nacional de Taiwán que se celebra el día 10 de octubre de 2021, junto a todos los amigos peruanos y a la querida colonia taiwanesa en el Perú, compartiendo algunas obras significativas de los cinco destacados y premiados fotógrafos taiwaneses, que han capturado imágenes que nos muestran la identidad de Taiwán y su gran patrimonio cultural. Con seguridad encontraremos grandes similitudes con el Perú y su gran herencia cultural.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / This study aimed to investigate, in narrative conversations, how Taiwanese mothers of different educational attainments and family income co-constructed past events with their children of two or three years of age. Previous studies suggest that mothers' discourse styles are significantly related to children's narrative development. Furthermore, mothers' discourse styles vary with their cultural-economic backgrounds. There is, however, no research studying the interwoven relationship between mothers' discourse styles and specific socioeconomic status - mothers' education levels, family income levels, and children's ages. Sixty-six mother-child dyads recruited in Taiwan participated in this study. Among independent factors, there were three levels for mothers' education, two for family income and two for children's age. The researcher visited individual dyad three times to audiotape mother-child conversations about past events. All narratives were transcribed verbatim in Chinese. Mothers' utterances were coded for conversational functions, narrative elements, types of evaluation and types of subjective evaluation. Both quantitative (MANOVA & ANOVA) and qualitative analyses were conducted. The results showed that mothers' education was the most significant factor to differentiate mothers' discourse styles. Regardless types of colleges attending and family income, college-educated mothers adopted elaborative style, verbally echoed and confirmed children's responses, and temporally organized stories. Their narrative organizations were similar to that of essay writing. These mothers' prompts were more tuned to children's age differences. Among less-educated mothers, family income was critical to differentiate mothers' discourse styles. For less-educated mothers of average income families, they adopted repetitive style and verbally echo children's responses. Due to their concepts that children were fully responsible to recall events, these mothers' prompts provided little cues and thus ambiguous. The narrative organizations were quiz-like. For less-educated mothers in poverty, they adopted more non-verbal gestures for confirmation, repeated same prompts, and emphasized factual aspects of events. They conducted the conversations in a chitchatting fashion allowing more than two interlocutors. The results suggested that children of diverse backgrounds were socialized to distinctive discourse styles, which implied different narrative and child development. Some children may be confronted with more challenges at school. It is, thus, important to address specific needs of different groups when considering educational interventions. / 2999-01-01

Labor market change in societies where an information economy is evolving, is a central area of concern for information society scholars today. While there has been considerable research conducted on cases of developed countries, research on labor market changes during a transition to an information economy outside of the advanced industrial economies is scarce. Thus, this dissertation proposes to examine the changes in wage, employment, and occupation structure that take place when an NIC, such as Taiwan, ushers in an information economy, and to explore the reasons behind these changes. This dissertation combined the historical, policy, and statistical analyses and concluded that the transformation from labor intensive manufacturing to an information intensive economy, as arranged by the Taiwanese government due to its own political and governing purposes, and also in the context of international political and economic circumstances, determined Taiwan’s economic resource arrangement, which resulted in an increasingly unbalanced labor market in terms of wage distribution, unemployment, and occupation structure. This transformation changed and shaped the structure of the labor market to benefit workers more skilled with information, more professional, having higher level knowledge and a higher level of education, while an increasing amount of white-collar and service workers began earning comparatively low wages. At the same time the demand for blue-collar and lower skill workers severely declined. Moreover, the total labor demand of information manufacturing and information intensive service is much less than that of traditional labor intensive manufacturing, resulting in Taiwan’s increasing unemployment problem. Among these processes, many different social, political, policy, and economic factors interacted and collectively determined this result. Among them, the role of the state in shaping Taiwan’s information economy in general and the labor market situation in particular did matter considerably. / text

Taiwan recently witnessed a sudden increase of opposition political activities among the Taiwanese. Given that the social, economic, political and cultural developments Taiwan experienced during the past four decades were expected to facilitate assimilation between the Mainlanders and the Taiwanese, the Taiwanese insurgence at this time was somewhat unexpected. To account for this development, this dissertation examines: (1) the causes and pattern of ethnic assimilation between the two groups; and (2) the connection of ethnic assimilation and the recent insurgence. The central thesis of this dissertation is that development of the opposition movement after 1986 was a result of a successful ethnic mobilization among the Taiwanese who rose to request for renegotiating the ethnic distribution of political power. The ethnic mobilization was facilitated by the change in the external environment of the movement, which included: (1) the increase of regime permissiveness, (2) the emerging opportunities of political competition, and (3) the emerging regional persistence of ethnic differences. Ironically, all three elements were caused by the pattern of ethnic assimilation. The main body consists of six chapters. Chapter 1 raises the question of the unexpected resurgence among the Taiwanese and proposes a framework of ethnic mobilization to its explanation. Chapter 2 provides a historical overview of the formation of the two ethnic groups, and patterns of intergroup relation during the past four decades. Chapter 3 examines two dimensions of cultural assimilation among the Taiwanese: language shift and identification with China. Using a survey data set collected by the Global Views Monthly in 1987, chapter 3 shows that the two major elements of ethnic differences were well preserved among the less-educated Taiwanese who reside outside the northern region of Taiwan. Chapter 4 investigates the alleged ethnic discrimination in the labor market by analyzing a data set coded from the Managers of the Creditable Enterprises in the R.O.C.. A pattern of ethnic assimilation similar to chapter 3 is found. Chapter 5 examines the various forms of participation in the opposition movement to test the ethnic mobilization argument. The development of the opposition after 1986 was found to begin in more assimilated areas and rapidly spread to the less assimilated areas through the tactic of ethnic mobilization. Chapter 6 draws a brief conclusion of what has been found.

The purpose of this study is to explore selected factors that may be related to Chinese students' decisions to remain in the United States or return to Taiwan after they finish their studies. Based upon the Chi Square test, the results are: students likely to remain in the United States are influenced by the understanding of the life style of those Chinese who had stayed, perceived less prejudice from American people, and received political freedom in the United States. Factors influencing the decision to return to Taiwan are likely to include family expectation to return, willingness to devote one's ability for the betterment of Taiwan's future, and stronger identification with Taiwan. It is suggested that a long-term cost-benefit analysis be conducted so that it is possible to understand whether Taiwan's brain drain is a loss or a gain to its development.

Finally, some recommendations for the development of bereavement counselling in relation to social policy, service delivery, education and training, workers' personal development, as well as future research were presented. / In--depth interviews were conducted with 12 social workers working in palliative care. This figure was nearly half of the total number of palliative care social workers in Taiwan, so the research findings may reflect the general situation of bereavement counselling in Taiwan. Their stories revealed the endeavours of these social workers in the past years and showed the development of the services from nothing to multifarious. / The narratives of the workers reflected the required individual characteristics of a bereavement counsellor, such as stability in emotion, resilience, creativity, psychic energy. Due to the nature of their work they often encountered death and sufferings, as well as feeling of helplessness. In facing different obstacles and challenges, some of them might retreat themselves at times, especially for those who were still entangled in their personal bereavement. Their emotional state would affect the establishment of effective helping relationship and subsequently the effectiveness of their service. / The research revealed that most of the social workers did not apply any specific theories, or techniques in working with the bereaved. Their narratives reflected that they worked with the bereaved by establishing a meaningful working relationship. They respected and accepted their clients' needs; their empathic support helped the bereaved face the pain of losing their loved ones. Their encouragement and assurance helped them develop and change. Their skills and methods matched well with those of humanism and existentialism. They also tended to adopt postmodernism approach of storytelling in helping the bereaved. Through narration, the workers helped the bereaved re-construct the meaning of their relationship with the deceased in their life. / The study revealed that the social workers considered most of the bereaved had the ability of self-healing, but for some, due to personal or environmental factors they might be entangled in their grief and might need assistance. Their work reflected the emphases of bereavement counselling in Taiwan. Besides counselling service, they also provided assistance in medical related matters, emotional support, enhancement of family members' communication, social adjustment and religious support. Due to the socio-cultural backgrounds of Taiwan, their tasks also included special arrangements at death and discussion of funeral services and rituals. The social workers also stressed the importance of the traditional value of harmony among Heaven, Earth and Man. They paid special attention to the emotional harmony of the bereaved, harmony between the bereaved and their relatives, and harmony among the social environment, the spiritual and the bereaved. / This study is a narrative analysis of the palliative care social workers' experiences in bereavement counselling in Taiwan. It explored the characteristics of bereavement counselling, the social workers' interpretation of their experiences and the cultural and contextual factors that affected the palliative care social workers and bereavement counselling. / 李閏華. / Adviser: Mong Chow Amy Lam. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-03, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 277-305) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Li Runhua.