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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

La Costa Residences: A Tower by the Shore

Nadal, Herman Alejandro 11 September 2015 (has links)
This thesis choreographs the procession around and within a tower. An alternating sequence of compression and expansion of space creates a rich spatial experience. Each moment along the sequence is meant to complement or contrast the others, exaggerating their effect. The tower's form is designed by producing and then selecting from a series of potential solutions. Each iteration is guided by the aforementioned sequence of spatial conditions. / Master of Architecture
182

Méthode d'analyse des risques majeurs liés aux immeubles de grande hauteur sur leur environnement immédiat

Dechamps, Yves 18 March 2013 (has links)
Les immeubles de grande hauteur (IGH) sont des constructions symboliques liées, le plus souvent, aux problématiques de la rareté du foncier, aux défis de la densification urbaine dans les grandes villes et aussi au questionnement de la construction durable. Pourtant, un IGH ne se limite pas seulement à ces seuls points :quel impact en terme de risque représente un IGH sur son environnement ?Quelle démarche d'analyse d'un éventuel péril lié à la présence de ces constructions sur leur environnement faut-il considérer ?<p><p>La conception d'un IGH ne peut être effectuée sans une analyse des risques engendrés par la présence de tels immeubles sur leur environnement et sur le développement urbain. En effet, quand un événement indésirable y survient, un IGH peut se révéler être une menace pour ses occupants et son <p>voisinage immédiat. Les IGH sont des immeubles où plusieurs centaines de personnes sont présentes, ce qui engendre de nombreuses contraintes au niveau de la sécurité incendie notamment. En cas d'accident comme un incendie, diverses matières toxiques peuvent être libérées dans l'atmosphère, endommageant l'environnement de l'immeuble.<p><p>C'est ici que peut intervenir une méthode d'analyse des risques environnementaux permettant à un expert d'évaluer différentes situations envisagées pour l'immeuble même et son environnement. Le modèle proposé est une nouvelle méthode quantitative issue d'une approche semi-quantitative. Des matrices d'évaluation et une formulation quantitative permettent de quantifier le risque environnemental. Ce risque est déterminé pour différents secteurs autour de l'IGH car chaque environnement étudié est hétérogène et différent.<p><p>La méthode proposée reprend un ensemble de paramètres déterminés à l'aide de critères d'évaluation et de paramètres géométriques tels que la différence d'altitude entre les immeubles, la distance, etc. Nous verrons comment ces paramètres influencent le modèle et l'analyse de risques environnementaux. Un ensemble de simulations numériques seront effectuées sur un panel de cas d'études simples afin de valider le programme. Deux IGH actuellement détruits ont été étudiés avec pour objectif de comparer les résultats obtenus avec la réalité de la situation ainsi que les différentes propositions correctives. Pour chaque étude, des critiques et commentaires seront produits afin de se rattacher à la réalité des situations décrites.<p><p>The high-rise buildings (HRB) are symbolic constructions linked most often to scarce building lands, urban density challenges for big cities and the problematic of sustainable construction. However, an HRB is not limited to just these items alone: what risk impact does an HRB have on the environment? What analysis method of possible risk on the environment is to be considered for the presence of constructions?<p><p>HRB design cannot be done without any environmental risk assessment for such buildings on their environment or their impact on urban development. When an unwanted event occurs, an HRB can be a threat to its occupants and its immediate vicinity. The presence of large numbers of people in those building definitely generates a lot of problems at the level of fire safety, for example. Accidents such as a fire can release toxic materials, which will thus impact the environment of the building.<p><p>In such circumstances, a method of analysis of environmental risks come useful to experts to assess the different situations to be considered for the building itself. The proposed model is a new quantitative method which is the result of a semi-quantitative approach. Quantifying the environmental risk is made possible by evaluation matrices and quantitative formulation. This risk is determined for various sectors around HRB because every environment is heterogeneous and different.<p><p>The proposed method incorporates a set of parameters which were determined by means of evaluation criteria and geometrical parameters such as the difference in height between the buildings, distance, etc. We will see how these parameters affect the model and analysis of environmental risks. A set of simulations are performed on a range of simple models to validate the program. Two HRBs which have now been demolished were studied so as to compare the results obtained with the real-life of the situation and the corrective different proposals. For each study, criticism and comments will be produced to relate to the reality of the situations which has been described.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
183

Sobre análise não linear geométrica de edifícios considerando o empenamento dos núcleos estruturais e a interação solo-estrutura / On geometric nonlinear analysis of tall buildings structures considering the warping of the structural cores and the soil-structure interaction

Silva, Wagner Queiroz 18 December 2014 (has links)
Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um modelo para análise tridimensional não linear geométrica de edifícios considerando a influência de todas as partes componentes do sistema estrutural, incluindo a ligação núcleo-laje e o solo de fundação. Pilares e vigas são modelados com elementos finitos de barra com seção transversal de forma qualquer, enquanto as lajes são modeladas por elementos finitos de casca. Ambos consideram o comportamento não linear geométrico e adotam como graus de liberdade posições nodais e vetores generalizados ao invés de deslocamentos e rotações, sendo também considerado para o elemento de barra o grau de liberdade de empenamento da seção. Apresenta-se uma estratégia cinemática para o acoplamento de topo entre os elementos de casca e a seção dos elementos de barra, gerando assim um elemento de núcleo com diafragma. O acoplamento se dá através de uma matriz de incidência cinemática responsável por inserir na Hessiana e no vetor de forças internas do elemento de barra que discretiza o núcleo as contribuições de elementos de casca a ele conectadas. Admite-se para os materiais do edifício a lei constitutiva elástico-linear de Saint Venant-Kirchhoff e a não linearidade geométrica é considerada através de uma formulação Lagrangiana total com cinemática exata. A flexibilidade dos apoios é considerada através de uma matriz de rigidez do sistema solo-fundação. Esta matriz é calculada em outro programa de acoplamento entre o Método dos Elementos de Contorno e o Método dos Elementos Finitos por meio de uma estratégia numérica baseada, por sua vez, no Teorema de Betti-Maxwell. A estratégia consiste na determinação de coeficientes de flexibilidade de pontos sobre uma malha discreta do sistema solo-fundação, sendo o solo modelado via Método dos Elementos de Contorno com uso da solução fundamental de Mindlin e os elementos estruturais de fundação, que podem incluir placas, sapatas, blocos e estacas, são modeladas com elementos finitos convencionais de barra e de casca. O programa permite a análise de edifícios completos, considerando a influência do empenamento dos núcleos nos pavimentos e também os efeitos da interação solo-estrutura. Exemplos numéricos são apresentados para confirmar a eficiência e demonstrar o potencial de aplicação da formulação proposta. / In this thesis a numerical model for geometric nonlinear analysis of three-dimensional structures of tall buildings was developed, considering the influence of all structural components, including the core-slab connection and the foundation system. Columns and beams are modeled by a frame finite element which can have a cross section of any shape, while the slabs are modeled by shell finite elements. Both consider the nonlinear geometric behavior and adopt nodal positions and generalized vectors as degrees of freedom instead of displacements and rotations. For the frame finite element it is also considered the cross sectional warping as a degree of freedom. A numerical strategy is presented for the coupling between the shell elements and the frame\'s cross section, thus forming a structural-core element with diaphragm. The coupling is done through a kinematic array which is responsible for inserting the contributions of shell elements, connected to the core walls, into the Hessian matrix and also into the internal force vector of the frame element used to discretize the core. The linear-elastic constitutive relation of Saint Venant-Kirchhoff is adopted for the building materials and the geometric nonlinearity is considered via a Lagrangian formulation with exact kinematics. The foundation\'s flexibility is considered through a stiffness matrix for the soil-foundation system. This matrix is computed in another program based on the numerical coupling between the Boundary Element Method and the Finite Element Method, using a numerical strategy based on the Maxwell-Betti\'s Theorem. This strategy consists in determining the flexibility coefficient of points on a discrete mesh of the soil-foundation system. The soil is modeled by the Boundary Element Method using the fundamental solution of Mindlin. The structural foundation elements, including shallow foundation, footings, blocks and piles, are modeled using conventional frame and shell finite elements. The program is applied to the analysis of complete structural systems of tall buildings, considering the influence of the core warping on the mechanical behaviour of the slabs and also the soil-structure interaction effects. Numerical examples are presented to confirm the efficiency and to demonstrate the potential application of the proposed formulation.
184

Sobre análise não linear geométrica de edifícios considerando o empenamento dos núcleos estruturais e a interação solo-estrutura / On geometric nonlinear analysis of tall buildings structures considering the warping of the structural cores and the soil-structure interaction

Wagner Queiroz Silva 18 December 2014 (has links)
Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um modelo para análise tridimensional não linear geométrica de edifícios considerando a influência de todas as partes componentes do sistema estrutural, incluindo a ligação núcleo-laje e o solo de fundação. Pilares e vigas são modelados com elementos finitos de barra com seção transversal de forma qualquer, enquanto as lajes são modeladas por elementos finitos de casca. Ambos consideram o comportamento não linear geométrico e adotam como graus de liberdade posições nodais e vetores generalizados ao invés de deslocamentos e rotações, sendo também considerado para o elemento de barra o grau de liberdade de empenamento da seção. Apresenta-se uma estratégia cinemática para o acoplamento de topo entre os elementos de casca e a seção dos elementos de barra, gerando assim um elemento de núcleo com diafragma. O acoplamento se dá através de uma matriz de incidência cinemática responsável por inserir na Hessiana e no vetor de forças internas do elemento de barra que discretiza o núcleo as contribuições de elementos de casca a ele conectadas. Admite-se para os materiais do edifício a lei constitutiva elástico-linear de Saint Venant-Kirchhoff e a não linearidade geométrica é considerada através de uma formulação Lagrangiana total com cinemática exata. A flexibilidade dos apoios é considerada através de uma matriz de rigidez do sistema solo-fundação. Esta matriz é calculada em outro programa de acoplamento entre o Método dos Elementos de Contorno e o Método dos Elementos Finitos por meio de uma estratégia numérica baseada, por sua vez, no Teorema de Betti-Maxwell. A estratégia consiste na determinação de coeficientes de flexibilidade de pontos sobre uma malha discreta do sistema solo-fundação, sendo o solo modelado via Método dos Elementos de Contorno com uso da solução fundamental de Mindlin e os elementos estruturais de fundação, que podem incluir placas, sapatas, blocos e estacas, são modeladas com elementos finitos convencionais de barra e de casca. O programa permite a análise de edifícios completos, considerando a influência do empenamento dos núcleos nos pavimentos e também os efeitos da interação solo-estrutura. Exemplos numéricos são apresentados para confirmar a eficiência e demonstrar o potencial de aplicação da formulação proposta. / In this thesis a numerical model for geometric nonlinear analysis of three-dimensional structures of tall buildings was developed, considering the influence of all structural components, including the core-slab connection and the foundation system. Columns and beams are modeled by a frame finite element which can have a cross section of any shape, while the slabs are modeled by shell finite elements. Both consider the nonlinear geometric behavior and adopt nodal positions and generalized vectors as degrees of freedom instead of displacements and rotations. For the frame finite element it is also considered the cross sectional warping as a degree of freedom. A numerical strategy is presented for the coupling between the shell elements and the frame\'s cross section, thus forming a structural-core element with diaphragm. The coupling is done through a kinematic array which is responsible for inserting the contributions of shell elements, connected to the core walls, into the Hessian matrix and also into the internal force vector of the frame element used to discretize the core. The linear-elastic constitutive relation of Saint Venant-Kirchhoff is adopted for the building materials and the geometric nonlinearity is considered via a Lagrangian formulation with exact kinematics. The foundation\'s flexibility is considered through a stiffness matrix for the soil-foundation system. This matrix is computed in another program based on the numerical coupling between the Boundary Element Method and the Finite Element Method, using a numerical strategy based on the Maxwell-Betti\'s Theorem. This strategy consists in determining the flexibility coefficient of points on a discrete mesh of the soil-foundation system. The soil is modeled by the Boundary Element Method using the fundamental solution of Mindlin. The structural foundation elements, including shallow foundation, footings, blocks and piles, are modeled using conventional frame and shell finite elements. The program is applied to the analysis of complete structural systems of tall buildings, considering the influence of the core warping on the mechanical behaviour of the slabs and also the soil-structure interaction effects. Numerical examples are presented to confirm the efficiency and to demonstrate the potential application of the proposed formulation.
185

Comparación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de edificios de concreto armado de 35 pisos con núcleo rígido, con amortiguadores de fluido viscoso y disipadores SLB, mediante el análisis modal pushover en la ciudad de Lima / Comparison of the seismic vulnerability of 35-story reinforced concrete buildings with a rigid core, with viscous fluid dampers and SLB dissipators, using pushover modal analysis in Lima city

Arita Claros, Luis Humberto, Lezameta Navarro, Rodrigo André 15 January 2021 (has links)
Actualmente en la ciudad de Lima existe un número limitado de edificios de gran altura. Por lo que no existe mucha literatura de este tipo de edificaciones en Perú. Los códigos peruanos se enfocan en edificios de mediana y baja altura. Por ello, se requiere realizar estudios más detallados para analizar y diseñar de forma más adecuada estas edificaciones altas según la realidad del país. En el presente artículo, se desarrollará el análisis modal pushover a 6 tipos de edificaciones de concreto armado de 35 niveles en la ciudad de Lima. Se plantea 3 modelos de edificación con distinto sistema estructural y con diferentes plantas (cuadrada y rectangular), siendo las áreas de 29m x 29m y 52m x 26m respectivamente. Estos sistemas estructurales son de núcleo rígido y pórticos con sistema de disipación de energía (amortiguadores de fluido viscoso y disipadores SLB) con objetivo de estudiar su comportamiento frente a solicitaciones sísmicas. Estas edificaciones se establecieron en función de los criterios y requerimientos de los códigos vigentes en el país, como también, distribución de la planta de edificaciones comúnmente usadas para oficinas y viviendas. Se encontró que los periodos naturales oscilan entre 2.6 a 3.3 segundos para edificios de núcleo rígido, se presenta un incremento para los edificios de amortiguamiento viscoso de 4.2 a 5.4 segundos y también para los de dispositivos SLB oscilan en un rango de 3.7 a 4.6 segundos. Se realizó, a su vez, un análisis no lineal estático modal para obtener las curvas de capacidad para cada tipo de edificación, las cuales fueron comparadas con las demandas sísmicas según las provisiones de diseño de la norma peruana sísmica E.030 y un promedio de espectros de registros de aceleraciones de eventos sísmicos severos en Perú y escalados en un rango de 0.2T a 1.5T. Finalmente, se determinó los puntos de desempeño para cada caso de edificación siguiendo las metodologías del ATC-40 encontrando que los edificios altos con núcleo rígido presentan aproximadamente el doble de rigidez que los edificios con sistema de disipación de energía, como también, presentan poca ductilidad a diferencia con los edificios con disipadores que presentan una larga ductilidad. / Currently in Lima city there is a limited number of high-rise buildings. So, there isn’t much literature on this type of building in Peru. Peruvian codes focus on medium and low-rise buildings. Therefore, more detailed studies are required to analyze and design these tall buildings more appropriately according to the reality of the country. In this thesis, the modal pushover analysis of 6 types of 35-story reinforced concrete buildings in Lima city will be developed. Three building models with different structural system and with different plan (square and rectangular) are proposed, being their areas of 29m x 29m and 52m x 26m respectively. These structural systems are rigid core and frames with an energy dissipation system (viscous fluid dampers and SLB dissipators) in order to study their behavior against seismic stresses. These buildings were established based on the criteria and requirements of the current codes in the country, as well as, the distribution of the floors of buildings commonly used for offices and homes. Natural periods were found to range from 2.6 to 3.3 seconds for rigid core buildings, there is an increase for viscous damping buildings from 4.2 to 5.4 seconds and also for SLB devices to range from 3.7 to 4.6 seconds. In turn, a modal static nonlinear analysis was performed to obtain the capacity curves for each type of building, which were compared with the seismic demands according to the design provisions of the Peruvian seismic code E.030 and an average of spectra of acceleration records of severe seismic events in Peru and scaled in a range of 0.2T to 1.5T. Finally, the performance points for each building case were determined following the ATC-40 methodologies, finding that tall buildings with a rigid core have approximately twice the stiffness of buildings with an energy dissipation system, as well as having low ductility. unlike buildings with dissipators that have long ductility. / Tesis
186

The architecture and planning of a tall building

Gogan, Paul Clark January 1992 (has links)
A vertical world The connection between worlds is a layer of time The city contains many of its vessels The vision, the vessel, a tall building / Master of Architecture
187

Three urban artifacts: a study of architectural language through the typology of the city

Spirideli, Maria January 1992 (has links)
"The word Type represents not so much the image of a thing to be copied or perfectly imitated as the idea of an element that must itself serve as a rule for the Model... The Model, understood in terms of the practical execution of art, is an object that must be repeated such as it is; Type on the contrary, is an object (an idea) according to which one can conceive works that do not resemble one another at all. Everything is precise and given in the Model; everything is more or less vague in the Type." (Quatremere de Quincy, 1832) "The rustic hut ... is the model on which all the magnificent achievements of Architecture have been imagined. It is by moving closer, in the execution of work, to the simplicity of this first model that we avoid the essential defects and attain the true perfections ...It is the essential parts which contain all the beauties ... " (M.-A. Laugier, 1755) / Master of Architecture
188

Análise da influência do sombreamento causado pelos edifícios na zona central de Curitiba

Campos, Giovana de Almeida Coelho 02 December 2014 (has links)
O crescimento urbano e o ritmo acelerado na concentração de pessoas nas cidades são inevitáveis. A verticalização das construções como solução para atender a necessidade da máxima ocupação do solo e para justificar a infraestrutura investida pelo poder público nas áreas centrais, causa consideráveis impactos no entorno em que estão inseridas. Contudo, a urbanização em si não é um problema, e sim a forma como as cidades estão sendo construídas e ocupadas. Diante disso, o trabalho apresenta como objetivo principal a verificação da influência do sombreamento gerado pelos edifícios altos dentro de um recorte definido na zona com maior capacidade de verticalização em Curitiba. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida em quatro etapas: a primeira, de fundamentação teórica com o estudo da literatura existente sobre o tema, a segunda para definição da região de estudo na cidade e os períodos a serem analisados, a terceira etapa para delimitação do recorte de estudo com análises de cada período e, a quarta com a elaboração das simulações computacionais nos softwares Auto CAD, Sketchup Pro, Excel e Ecotect para obtenção de resultados. Durante a evolução da pesquisa, verificou-se que, de fato, o nsombreamento causado pelos edifícios altos comprometem consideravelmente as construções vizinhas a eles e todo o seu entorno imediato. Além disso, foi concluído que Curitiba, uma cidade considerada fria, sofre nos períodos de inverno com o excessivo sombreamento nas áreas públicas entre quadras. Em contrapartida, as áreas abertas de lazer estão posicionadas adequadamente e não se prejudicam com a verticalização da Zona Central. De qualquer forma, a intenção de redução de impacto gerado por esses processos deve ser planejada em um contexto mais significativo. A elaboração de projetos deve ter como premissa a adequação ao clima e ao contexto local, da mesma forma que devem ser analisados os impactos ambientais dessas sobre as construções vizinhas e os espaços externos localizados em uma área de influência. A idéia de preservar o skyline já consolidado na cidade, evitando edifícios muito altos, pode ser uma alternativa para minimização dos impactos de sombreamento. / Urban growth and the fast pace in the concentration of people in cities are inevitable. Building verticalization as a solution to attend the need of maximum land use and to justify the infrastructure invested by the government in central areas, cause considerable impacts on the environment which they are. However, urbanization is not a problem itself, but how cities are being built and occupied. Thus, the main goal of this work is to verify the shadow influence caused by tall buildings in a specific area inside of the zone with more capacity of verticalization in Curitiba. This research was developed in four steps: the first one was to study the existing literature about this topic, second to define study section in the city and periods to be analyzed, third step to delimit a zoom of study with analysis about all periods and, fourth with computer simulations on Auto CAD, Sketchup Pro, Excel and Ecotect softwares to obtain important results. During the evolution of this work, it was verified that the shading caused by tall buildings undertake considerably neighboring buildings and all surrounding area. Furthermore, it was concluded that Curitiba, a cold city, suffers in winter season due to excessive shading in public spaces between blocks. On the other hand, open spaces as squares are correctly positioned and do not harm with verticalization on the downtown zone. Anyway, the intention to reduce the impact caused by these processes must be planned in a more embracing context. Project elaboration must consider local climate and urban context, just as the environmental impacts of those on neighboring buildings and on open spaces. The idea of preserving skylines already consolidate, avoiding tall buildings, can be an alternative to minimize shading impacts.

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