Depuis l’élection de Jean Charest en 2003, nous constatons que les dogmes issus du discours idéologique néolibéral (déréglementation, privatisation, libéralisation et réduction des dépenses publiques) ont régulièrement et fortement inondé tous les domaines de l’espace public québécois, tant chez les élus que chez les grands conglomérats de médias écrits et audiovisuels. Nous cherchions à savoir qui exerçait une si grande influence pour que rayonnent ces idées conservatrices dans les discours publics au Québec. Nos recherches nous ont menée à un Think Tank québécois : l’Institut économique de Montréal. L’élite intellectuelle qui compose cette organisation a su user d’une influence importante auprès de certains médias écrits, notamment ceux de Gesca, qui, grâce à l’étendue de son puissant réseau social et à son adhésion aux stratégies d’influence de ses pairs, les Think Tanks partisans, a relayé les idées néolibérales de l’IEDM à l’intérieur du discours public québécois. Ce Think Tank a ainsi fait rayonner ses idées dans les pages des quotidiens parmi les plus lus par les Québécois francophones. De jeunes Think Tanks comme l’IEDM jugent primordial l’accès aux médias pour façonner l’opinion et les politiques publiques. Leur objectif est de réussir à influencer la mise à l’agenda et le cadrage des médias afin qu’ils favorisent leurs propositions et leurs idées. L’analyse de trois cas a permis de montrer, qu’à trois moments différents, l’IEDM a influencé la mise à l’agenda des quotidiens de Gesca et que le cadrage s’est révélé favorable aux propositions de l’IEDM dans une proportion importante. / Since the election of Jean Charest in 2003, we notice that the neoliberal’s ideas (deregulation, privatization, liberalization, and reduction of government expenditures) have regularly inundated all public exchange of ideas in Quebec, from elected politicians to media conglomerates. The author tried to determine how conservative ideas became part of the public discourse in Quebec. Our research lead us to a Quebec think tank: Montreal Economic Institute. The managers of this organization used its important influence with written media, particularly Gesca. Thanks to its large, powerful social network and its influence strategy, the Montreal Economic Institute think tank was able to transmit its neoliberal ideas. In this way, this think tank has spread these ideas in the pages of the most read Quebecois daily newspapers. Young think tanks, such as Montreal Economic Institute, believe that access to the media is essential to shape public opinion and public policy. Their purpose is to influence the setting of the agenda and the framing of discourse in the media to favor the respective think tank’s propositions and ideas. The author analyzed three different cases, at three different times, in which she demonstrates that the Montreal Economic Institute has influenced the agenda setting of Gesca, and that the framing was largely favorable to the Montreal Economic Institute’s propositions.

Um tanque de provas do tipo reboque permite a realização de ensaios hidrodinâmicos com modelos em escala, sua presença é importante devido à possibilidade de obter características hidrodinâmicas que dimensionam a potência e qualidade do comportamento dos navios durante a sua operação, otimizando os projetos de forma particular ou geral, tanto para a navegação marítima, lacustre ou fluvial. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é estudar e propor uma metodologia para o dimensionamento e concepção de um tanque de reboque para o Serviço Industrial da Marinha (SIMA PERU), principal estaleiro do Peru, de maneira que possa realizar os ensaios hidrodinâmicos correspondentes aos diferentes tipos de embarcações produzidas pelo SIMA PERU. Como propósito de estudo será desenvolvido uma análise de um tanque de reboque que permitirá ensaiar modelos de diferentes tipos de embarcações, levando em consideração as diferentes condições ambientais e climáticas relacionadas ao litoral peruano em toda sua extensão, isto é, uma condição marítima equivalente a uma escala Beaufort 5. Estas são as condições que foram requeridas para atuar na costa peruana. Será proposto um tanque de reboque com características próprias, baseado no razoável dimensionamento dos modelos reduzidos e nas necessidades e requerimentos de ensaio de acordo às recomendações apresentadas pela Conferência Internacional de Tanques de Reboque (International Towing Tank Conference- ITTC). / A towing tank allows hydrodynamic testing with scale models, their presence is important because allows to obtain hydrodynamics characteristics that they measure the power and quality of behavior during the operation, optimizing the designs in general or particular form of vessels for sea, lake or river. The main objective of this research is to study and propose a method for sizing and development of a towing tank for the Naval Industrial Service; SIMA - PERU, main shipyard from Peru, so it carry out hydrodynamics tests corresponding to different types of vessels produced by SIMA - PERU. The purpose of study will be developed analysis of a towing tank that will test models of different types of vessels, taking into account the different environmental and climatic conditions related to the Peruvian coast, in other words, sea conditions equivalent to a Beaufort \"5\". These are the conditions that were required to act on the Peruvian coast. Will be offered a towing tank with its own characteristics, needs and requirements based on the consistent sizing of reduced models and according to the recommendations made by the International Towing Tank Conference - ITTC.

Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como objetivo fundamental a apresentação de análises e comparações, que visam fazer parte do processo de aprimoramento constante do método numérico de simulação de unidades flutuantes produtoras de petróleo, chamado TPN Tanque de Provas Numérico. Para tanto, foram executados ensaios com modelo em escala reduzida, cujos resultados foram comparados com o modelo numérico do TPN. A unidade padrão utilizada nos ensaios foi a plataforma semi-submersível ITTC-SR192, escala 1:105, ensaios estes realizados no tanque de provas do IPT Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo. Por meio de comparação com os resultados dos ensaios, foram verificadas as habilidades do TPN em reproduzir os movimentos do casco, a tração no topo das linhas de produção e o amortecimento induzido pelas mesmas. Importante destacar que os parâmetros verificados tiveram a finalidade adicional de confrontar os resultados numérico-experimentais com foco na investigação da influência das linhas de produção na própria dinâmica do sistema flutuante. Tendo em vista esse objetivo complementar, todos os ensaios foram realizados com e sem a presença de linhas de produção, no texto referenciadas apenas por risers, modeladas como um grupo de estruturas bastante flexíveis e de grande diâmetro, a fim de prover um aumento significativo no amortecimento do sistema. Sendo assim, o comportamento dinâmico dos casos com e sem risers foram comparados buscando observar as diferenças nos movimentos do sistema em ondas e correnteza. Além disso, utilizando o método recomendado pela API, referência [3] , doravante denominado apenas por método Near and Far, a tração de topo de um dos risers foi simulada numericamente com a imposição de movimentos obtidos nos experimentos, dando assim meios para comparação dos critérios de projeto, considerando a influência das linhas conectadas nas plataformas de petróleo. / This research aims to present analysis and comparisons, intended to make part of the constant improvement of the oil platform analysis software, called Numerical Offshore Tank (Tanque de Provas Numérico - TPN). For this purpose, small-scale model tests were performed, and the results compared with the numerical model in TPN. The standard unit used in these model tests was the semisubmersible ITTC-SR192, at scale 1:105, and the tests were performed at IPT (State of São Paulo Institute for Technological Research) towing tank. By means of the model tests results comparisons, the ability of the TPN in reproduce the hull motions, the risers top tensions and damping induced by these lines was evaluated. Importantly, these parameters were verified with the further purpose of comparing the numerical and the experimental results, focusing on the influence of the production lines in the dynamics of the floating system. Taking into account this additional objective, all the model tests were performed with and without production lines, i.e. risers, modeled as a group of highly flexible and large diameter structures, in order to provide a significant increment in the damping of the system. Thus, the dynamic behaviors of the cases with and without risers were compared, giving means to observe motion differences in waves and current. Moreover, using the method recommend by API, reference [3], hereinafter called Near and Far, the top tension of one riser was numerically simulated with the imposition of the motions obtained in the experiments, giving means to compare the riser design criteria, considering the influence of lines attached to the oil platforms.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:31:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Robson Malacarne.pdf: 1948784 bytes, checksum: 3d6201f0c3581e7bc4deeb85b46f5f3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-07 / The adoption of the powers of logic to discuss Sustainable Development (SD) in the business environment arises from the concern of developing actions that recognize the strategic environmental issue in the relationship with stakeholders. In this context, Stone (2005) analyzes the emergence and performance of a relevant actor, the Think Tanks, which are groups seeking to influence governments and companies to adopt certain discourses and initiatives. Among these actors emerge those who are engaged in building an agenda for the business world into the DS, as the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). But what sense the educational actions taken by these think tanks take in this process? What kind of skills promote? To answer these questions we chose to study the performance of the Think Tank WBCSD, from Derrida's deconstruction. Took to this discourse and Skills Development Actions for Sustainability (SDfS), held by the Boards (BCSDs) of Brazil and Portugal. The research question that guided this research was as follows: What are the meanings of SDfS initiatives, disseminated by the WBCSD, which are revealed in his speeches and educational activities? In the study of the trajectory analyzed the documents that present the thought of the DS entity (Vision 2050 and Action 2020) in order to understand the discourses and sustainable initiatives. In addition, interviews were performed with Coordinators, Associate Specialists and BCSD Brazil and BCSD Portugal to understand the initiatives and educational activities of DCPS developed by these councils between the years 2010 to 2013. To understand this discursive game developed the metaphor read Think Tanke, used to analyze the performance of the WBCSD, which can develop a "thought armored car" closed the other translations, and/or assume the posture of a moderator speeches, most associated with the "thought tank " Explains that the "tank" is a popular technology that is based on the principles of sustainability and is applied in the Northeast of Brazil through water harvesting during the rainy season, so that the supply times of crisis to use liquid reserved. In this sense, the "thinking tank" is the work of "think tanke " that opens the diversity of opinions and readings in order to develop strategies to act in a sustainable way in times of plenty and in crisis situations. In light of Derrida, the survey results show the ambiguities and the nature of expertise in the speeches and initiatives that predominate in SDfS programs. Values to adapt the business to DS logic in a discursive context that want to build a new relationship between business and society, expressed in the document Vision 2050, but still can not be consistent enough to consolidate an effective change. For the WBCSD go in his ways the entity needs to recognize its responsibility in the concrete and the effectiveness of SDfS initiatives. This finding requires that the entity's educational activities as well as developing skills to meet the urgent environmental crisis, also needs to promote more associated skills to understand a " thought tank" that seek to respond social and environmental issues in their complexity when considering the various translations on the theme. / A adoção da lógica de competências para discutir o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (DS) no ambiente empresarial surge a partir da preocupação em desenvolver ações que reconhecem a questão socioambiental estratégica na relação com os stakeholders. Neste contexto, Stone (2005) analisa a emergência e atuação de um ator relevante, os Think Tanks, que são grupos que buscam influenciar os governos e as empresas a adotar determinados discursos e iniciativas. Entre esses atores emergem aqueles que se ocupam em construir uma agenda para o mundo empresarial em direção ao DS, como o Conselho Empresarial Mundial para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (WBCSD). Mas que sentido as ações educacionais promovidas por estes Think Tanks assumem nesse processo? Que natureza de competências promovem? Para responder a estas perguntas optou-se por estudar a atuação do Think Tank WBCSD, à luz da desconstrução de Derrida. Tomaram-se para isso os discursos de Desenvolvimento de Competências para a Sustentabilidade (DCpS), realizado pelos Conselhos (BCSDs) de Brasil e Portugal. A pergunta de pesquisa que orientou a presente investigação foi a que segue: Quais as traduções da lógica de DCpS, disseminadas pelo WBCSD, que se revelam em seus discursos educacionais? Na trajetória do estudo analisaram-se os documentos que apresentam o pensamento de DS da entidade (Visão 2050 e Ação 2020), a fim de entender os discursos e as iniciativas sustentáveis. Paralelamente, realizaram-se entrevistas com Coordenadores, Associados e Especialistas do BCSD Brasil e do BCSD Portugal para compreender as iniciativas e ações educativas de DCpS desenvolvidas por estes Conselhos entre os anos de 2010 a 2013. Para entender este jogo discursivo desenvolveu-se a metáfora de leitura Think Tanke, que serve para analisar a atuação do WBCSD, que pode desenvolver um pensamento carro blindado , fechado a outras traduções, e/ou assumir a postura de um moderador de discursos, mais associado ao pensamento cisterna . Explica-se que a cisterna é uma tecnologia popular que se baseia nos princípios de sustentabilidade e é aplicada no Nordeste do Brasil por meio da captação de água nos períodos de chuva, a fim de que nos momentos de crise de abastecimento utilize-se o líquido reservado. Nesse sentido, o pensamento cisterna representa a atuação do think tanke que se abre à diversidade de opiniões e leituras visando desenvolver estratégias para agir de um modo sustentável nos períodos de abundância e nas situações de crise. À luz de Derrida, os resultados da pesquisa revelam as ambiguidades e a natureza das competências presentes nos discursos e nas iniciativas que predominam nos programas de DCpS. Valoriza-se a adaptação dos empresários à lógica do DS num contexto discursivo que deseja a construção de uma nova relação entre empresa e sociedade, expressa no documento Visão 2050, mas que ainda não consegue ser consistente o suficiente para consolidar uma mudança efetiva. Para que o WBCSD avance em seu modo de agir, a entidade necessita reconhecer a sua responsabilidade na concretude e na efetividade das iniciativas de DCpS. Essa constatação exige que as ações educacionais da entidade além de desenvolver competências para responder a crise ambiental urgente, também precisa promover competências mais associadas a compreensão de um pensamento cisterna , que buscam responder a questão socioambiental em sua complexidade ao considerar as diversas traduções sobre a temática.

This diploma thesis consists of two parts, part research and part attachments. The first section describes the literary problems of today's way of cleaning wastewater from small producers and characteristics of wastewater. The work is focused on the aspect of nature and all of these methods are directed towards this direction. The literary section is devoted to anaerobic environment, which is just one of the natural ways of treatment of waste water, in our case in a septic tank. The second part of the thesis deals with modeling of flow and behavior of sludge and water mixture in the cesspit septic tank sludge with variable densities and flow speeds. Modeling and calculations are made using COMSOL Multhiphysics. The conclusion is then summarized findings from the flow cesspit septic tank with the results and the assessment of whether a septic tank still has its place among the modern methods of wastewater treatment.

The goal is to design a storage tank to the heat pumps air to water. The first part describes how a heat pump works and why it is advantageous to use the tank. Another section focuses on ways to accumulation of heat. Established a program that simulates the behavior of the heat pump system with storage tank, described how this program works and is designed tank size for a given heat pump. The last chapters deal with the calculation of minimum area of heat flow exchanger and the proposal inlet valve for improving the thermal stratification of the tank.

L’immunité innée antivirale repose en grande partie sur la production des interférons de type I (IFN-α/β) par les cellules infectées et les cellules immunitaires. Cette synthèse résulte de la reconnaissance de motifs viraux caractéristiques par des récepteurs cellulaires, parmi lesquels les RIG-I-Like Récepteurs (RLR) et le Toll-Like Récepteur 3 (TLR3) détectent l’ARN viral respectivement au niveau du cytosol et des endosomes. La signalisation induite par les RLRs et TLR3 conduit à l’activation d’IRF3 et de NF-κB, deux facteurs de transcription impliqués respectivement dans la production d’IFN-α/β et de cytokines pro-inflammatoires. TBK1 (TANK-Binding Kinase 1) joue un rôle essentiel dans l’immunité innée antivirale, de par la phosphorylation du facteur de transcription IRF3, nécessaire à la production des IFNs de type I. Bien que de nombreuses études aient montré le rôle crucial de cette kinase dans la signalisation antivirale, le processus entrainant son activation est encore mal déterminé à ce jour. Lors de cette étude nous avons démontré que suite à la stimulation du TLR3 et des RLRs, la forme active, ubiquitinylée et phosphorylée, de TBK1 se relocalise au niveau de l’appareil de golgi, grâce à son ubiquitination sur les résidus K30 et K401. Ce mécanisme implique la reconnaissance des chaines d’ubiquitines associées à TBK1 par l’Optineurine (OPTN), permettant la formation d’un complexe autorisant le rapprochement des molécules de TBK1 puis la trans-autophosphorylation au niveau de l’appareil de Golgi. Au cours de ce travail nous avons également découvert qu’OPTN est la cible d’une protéine virale, la protéine NS3 du BTV (Bluetongue Virus), qui neutralise son activité et diminue ainsi l’activation de TBK1 et la signalisation responsable de la sécrétion de cytokines antivirales. / Type-I interferons (IFN-α/β) production and release is a major event in innate antiviral immunity. IFN production depends on the interaction between viral structures and their corresponding cellular sensors. RIG-I-Like Receptors (RLRs) and Toll-Like Receptor 3 (TLR3) sense dsRNAs in the cytosol and endosomes respectively. Stimulation of these receptors by their ligands promotes a signal transduction leading to the activation of the transcription factors NF-κB and IRF3, and consequently to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and Type I Interferons (IFN-I). TBK1 (TANK-Binding Kinase 1), plays a crucial role in antiviral innate immunity, by phosphorylating the transcription factor IRF3, required for the production of type I IFNs. Although many studies have shown the critical role of this kinase in antiviral signaling, the molecular mechanism of its activation are largely unknown. We report here the localization of the ubiquitinated and phosphorylated active form of TBK1 to the Golgi apparatus after the stimulation of RLRs or TLR3, due to TBK1 ubiquitination on lysine residues 30 and 401. The ubiquitin-binding protein optineurin (OPTN) recruits ubiquitinated TBK1 to the Golgi apparatus, leading to the formation of complexes in which TBK1 is activated by trans-autophosphorylation. We also found that a viral protein binds OPTN at the Golgi apparatus, neutralizing its activity and thereby decreasing TBK1 activation and downstream signaling.

Diese Dissertation besteht aus drei Essays, welche den monetären Transmissionsmechanismus via das Kreditangebot von Banken in einem Umfeld mit Überschussreserven analysieren. Im ersten Aufsatz wird die Effekten der 2008 Handlungsrahmens Änderungen der Fed auf den Transmissionsmechanismus untersucht. Ich schätze die Reaktionen in der Periode vor 2008 und zeige, dass den Bankkreditkanal aktiv ist. In der Periode nach 2008 steigen Bankkredite nach eine Geldpolitikkontraktion. Ich habe ein Regimewechsel-TANK Modell entwickelt, um den Transmissionsmechanismus über beide Systeme zu vergleichen. Das Modell zeigt, dass nach einem kontraktiven Schock unter dem alten System die Produktion sinkt, und, dass unter einem neuartigen System das Kreditangebot stimuliert. Dies ist aufgrund einer Friktion der Fall, die durch die Liquiditätsmanagementkosten der Banken verursacht wird. Im zweiten Aufsatz analysiere ich ob der Bankkreditkanal in den USA nach der Finanzkrise vorhanden ist. Dieser Kanal stützt sich auf die Annahme verbindlicher Reserveanforderungen. Ich finde Belege für den Kreditvergabekanal vor der Finanzkrise. Seit der Krise ist der Bankkreditkanal nicht mehr vorhanden. Stattdessen ist eine kontraktive Geldpolitik jetzt mit lockereren Liquiditätsbeschränkungen verbunden, und somit mit einem Anstieg der Bankkredite. Im dritten Aufsatz, D. Zander und ich identifizieren heterogene Bankenreaktionen auf geldpolitische Schocks in den USA. Unter Verwendung von einem informationsrobusten Instrument, zeigen wir, dass der Grad der Bargeld-Liquidität systematisch beeinflusst, wie Banken infolge eines geldpolitischen Schocks ihr Kreditvergabeverhalten ändern. Wir finden, dass nach einem kontraktiven Schock hochliquide Banken mit einer Ausweitung der Kreditvergabe reagieren, während weniger liquide Banken eine gedämpfte Antwort zeigen. Wir zeigen, dass das Vernachlässigen von Informationseffekten zu qualitativ unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen für liquide Banken führt. / This dissertation consists of three essays that analyze the monetary transmission mechanism via banks’ credit supply to the real economy under an environment of excess reserves. The first essay, examines the effects of the Fed’s 2008 operational system switch on the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. In the pre-switch sample the bank-lending channel is shown to be active, while in the latter sample, bank loans increase after a monetary contraction. Additionally, a regime-switching TANK model is used to compare the transmission mechanism across both systems. Under the old-style system real activity declines after a monetary contraction, while under a new-style system, monetary tightening stimulates credit supply, due to the presence of a friction introduced by banks’ liquidity management costs. The second essay analyzes whether the bank-lending channel is still present in post financial crisis U.S. data. This channel relies on the key assumption of binding reserve requirements, which is at odds with post-crisis data. Using a two-step regression approach, I find evidence supporting the lending channel in the subsample prior to the crisis. Moreover, since the crisis the lending channel is no longer active. Instead, monetary tightening is associated with looser liquidity constraints, and thus, with bank lending growth. The third essay is joint work with D. Zander. We identify heterogeneous bank reactions to monetary policy shocks in the U.S. using macro-econometric techniques and micro-level data. Using an informationally-robust instrument we show that the degree of cash-liquidity systematically influences banks’ lending behavior. Concretely, after a contractionary shock, liquid banks (those with excess reserves above 1% of assets) react by expanding lending, whereas less liquid banks have a muted response. We show that neglecting to control for the information effects of monetary policy, yield qualitatively different results that are at odds with economic theory.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Grain Science and Industry / Praveen V. Vadlani / The purpose of this study was to investigate micro- and macro-scale aspects of solid state fermentation (SSF) for production of cellulolytic enzymes using fungal cultures. Included in the objectives were investigation of effect of physicochemical characteristics of substrate on enzymes production at micro-scale, and design, fabrication and analysis of solid-state bioreactor at macro-scale. In the initial studies response surface optimization of SSF of soybeans hulls using mixed culture of Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus oryzae was carried out to standardize the process. Optimum temperature, moisture and pH of 30ºC, 70% and 5 were determined following optimization. Using optimized parameters laboratory scale-up in static tray fermenter was performed that resulted in production of complete and balanced cellulolytic enzyme system. The balanced enzyme system had required 1:1 ratio of filter paper and beta-glucosidase units. This complete and balanced enzyme system was shown to be effective in the hydrolysis of wheat straw to sugars. Mild pretreatments– steam, acid and alkali were performed to vary physicochemical characteristics of soybean hulls – bed porosity, crystallinity and volumetric specific surface. Mild nature of pretreatments minimized the compositional changes of substrate. It was explicitly shown that more porous and crystalline steam pretreated soybean hulls significantly improved cellulolytic enzymes production in T. reesei culture, with no effect on xylanase. In A. oryzae and mixed culture this improvement, though, was not seen. Further studies using standard crystalline substrates and substrates with varying bed porosity confirmed that effect of physicochemical characteristics was selective with respect to fungal species and cellulolytic activity. A novel deep bed bioreactor was designed and fabricated to address scale-up issues. Bioreactor’s unique design of outer wire mesh frame with internal air distribution and a near saturation environment within cabinet resulted in enhanced heat transfer with minimum moisture loss. Enzyme production was faster and leveled within 48 h of operation compared to 96 h required in static tray. A two phase heat and mass transfer model was written that accurately predicted the experimental temperature profile. Simulations also showed that bioreactor operation was more sensitive to changes in cabinet temperature and mass flow rate of distributor air than air temperature.

Increasing demands regarding performance, safety and environmental compatibility of hydraulic mobile machines in combination with rising cost pressures create a growing need for specialized optimization of hydraulic systems; particularly with regard to hydraulic reservoirs. In addition to the secondary function of cooling the oil, two main functions of the hydraulic reservoir are oil storage and de-aeration of the hydraulic oil. While designing hydraulic reservoirs regarding oil storage is quite simple, the design regarding de-aeration can be quite difficult. The author presents an approach to a system optimization of hydraulic reservoirs which combines experimental and numerical techniques to resolve some challenges facing hydraulic tank design. Specialized numerical tools are used in order to characterize the de-aeration performance of hydraulic tanks. Further the simulation of heat transfer is used to study the cooling function of hydraulic tank systems with particular attention to plastic tank solutions. To accompany the numerical tools, experimental test rigs have been built up to validate the simulation results and to provide additional insight into the design and optimization of hydraulic tanks which will be presented as well.